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Adhan I, Warr E, Grieshop J, Kreis J, Nikezic D, Walesa A, Hemsworth K, Cooper RF, Carroll J. Intervisit Reproducibility of Foveal Cone Density Metrics. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:18. [PMID: 38913007 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.6.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess longitudinal reproducibility of metrics of foveal density (peak cone density [PCD], cone density centroid [CDC], and 80th percentile centroid area) in participants with normal vision. Methods Participants (n = 19; five male and 14 female) were imaged at two time points (average interval of 3.2 years) using an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). Foveally centered regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted from AOSLO montages. Cone coordinate matrices were semiautomatically derived for each ROI, and cone mosaic metrics were calculated. Results On average, there were no significant changes in cone mosaic metrics between visits. The average ± SD PCD was 187,000 ± 20,000 cones/mm2 and 189,000 ± 21,700 cones/mm2 for visits 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.52). The average ± SD density at the CDC was 183,000 ± 19,000 cones/mm2 and 184,000 ± 20,800 cones/mm2 for visits 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.78). The average ± SD 80th percentile isodensity contour area was 15,400 ± 1800 µm2 and 15,600 ± 1910 µm2 for visits 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.57). Conclusions Foveal cone mosaic density metrics were highly reproducible in the cohort examined here, although further study is required in more diverse populations. Translational Relevance Determination of the normative longitudinal changes in foveal cone topography is key for evaluating longitudinal measures of foveal cone topography in patients with progressive retinal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iniya Adhan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Emma Warr
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jenna Grieshop
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Kreis
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Danica Nikezic
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashleigh Walesa
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Katherine Hemsworth
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert F Cooper
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Domdei N, Ameln J, Gutnikov A, Witten JL, Holz FG, Wahl S, Harmening WM. Cone Density Is Correlated to Outer Segment Length and Retinal Thickness in the Human Foveola. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:11. [PMID: 38064229 PMCID: PMC10709802 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Assessment of the relationship between in vivo foveolar cone density, cone outer segment length (OSL), and foveal retinal thickness (RT). Methods Foveolar cone density maps covering the central ±300 µm of the retina were derived from adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images. The corresponding maps of foveal cone OSL and RT were derived from high-resolution optical coherence tomography volume scans. Alignment of the two-dimensional maps containing OSL and RT with the cone density map was achieved by placing the location of maximum OSL on the cone density centroid (CDC). Results Across 10 participants (27 ± 9 years; 6 female), cone density at the CDC was found to be between 147,038 and 215,681 cones/mm². The maximum OSL and minimum RT were found to lie between 31 and 40, and 193 and 226 µm, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between cone density at the CDC and maximum OSL (P = 0.001), as well as the minimal RT (P < 0.05). Across all participants, the best fit for the relationship between normalized cone density and normalized OSL within the central 300 µm was given by a quadratic function. Conclusions Using optical coherence tomography-derived measurements of OSL enables to estimate CDC cone density and two-dimensional foveal cone density maps for example in patient eyes unsuitable for adaptive optics imaging. Furthermore, the observation of a fixed relationship between the normalized OSL and cone density points to a conserved mechanism shaping the foveal pit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Domdei
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
| | - Julius Ameln
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jenny L Witten
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Siegfried Wahl
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Correia Barbosa R, Silva A, Teixeira C. Foveal Hypoplasia Related to Congenital Rubella. Cureus 2022; 14:e31766. [PMID: 36569709 PMCID: PMC9774997 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal development of the fovea begins before midgestation and continues for several years after birth. Foveal hypoplasia is a condition in which the foveal pit and the foveal avascular zone do not fully develop. Several diseases are known to be associated with foveal hypoplasia; however, a direct association between foveal hypoplasia and congenital rubella has not been stated so far. This report describes a case of foveal hypoplasia detected during adulthood in a patient with known fetal exposure to maternal rubella infection and several ocular features of congenital rubella syndrome, including microphthalmia, congenital cataract, and pigmentary retinopathy. During follow-up, the visual acuity and ocular fundus changes remained stable.
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