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Pinna R, Cocco F, Campus G, Conti G, Milia E, Sardella A, Cagetti MG. Genetic and developmental disorders of the oral mucosa: Epidemiology; molecular mechanisms; diagnostic criteria; management. Periodontol 2000 2019; 80:12-27. [PMID: 31090139 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A large number of disorders may affect the oral cavity, including genetic diseases, infections, cancers, blood diseases, skin diseases, endocrine and metabolic disorders, autoimmune and rheumatologic diseases, local lesions, to name a few. Oral mucosa shows a considerable variation in its normal structure and a wide range of conditions may affect it. Such conditions are often harmless or minor and could be primary or secondary to systemic disease. Several of them are quite rare and, hence, the diagnosis is not easy. Clinically, lesions may appear as ulcers, discoloration of the oral mucosa and alterations in size and configuration of oral anatomy. Genetic disorders have specific manifestations and can be caused by a derangement of one or more components of the tissue. Many of them follow the skin or systemic signs of the underlying genetic disease, but in a few cases oral signs could be the first manifestation of the disorder. Among them genodermatoses are prominent. They are inherited disorders characterized by a multisystem involvement. This review describes chondro-ectodermal dysplasia, dyskeratosis congenita, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis, keratosis follicularis, lipoid proteinosis, multiple hamartoma syndrome, pachyonychia congenita, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, tuberous sclerosis and white sponge nevus. Other genetic disorders not included in the genodermatosis group and reported in the present review are: acanthosis nigricans, angio-osteo-hypertrophic syndrome, encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, familial adenomatous polyposis, focal dermal hypoplasia, focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa hyperkeratosis syndrome, gingival fibromatosis, Maffucci's syndrome, neurofibromatosis (type 1) and oro-facial-digital syndrome (type 1). Disorders during embryonic development might lead to a wide range of abnormalities in the oral cavity; some of them are quite common but of negligible concern, whereas others are rare but serious, affecting not only the oral mucosa, but also other structures of the oral cavity (ie palate, tongue and gingiva). Fordyce's granules, leukoedema, cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns, retrocuspid papilla, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, hairy tongue, lingual varices and lingual thyroid nodule are described. This review may help dentists, dental hygienists, but also general internists and pediatricians to diagnose different disorders of the oral mucosa, to understand the pathogenesis and to schedule a treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pinna
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabio Cocco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,WHO Collaboration Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,WHO Collaboration Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, Präventiv-und Kinderzahnmedizin Zahnmedizinische Kliniken (ZMK), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Conti
- IRCCS "Ca Granda-Ospedale Maggiore", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Egle Milia
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Sardella
- IRCCS "Ca Granda-Ospedale Maggiore", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- WHO Collaboration Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Adhikary B, Sen S, Banerjee P, Bandyopadhyay S, Mukherjee D, Bandyopadhyay S, Kumar P, Majumder A. Haemangioma of cheek different presentation and management. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 66:162-6. [PMID: 24822155 PMCID: PMC4016354 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-013-0697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Though haemangioma of cheek is not a very uncommon entity, here we are presenting a case series of four such cases of haemangioma cheek of completely different presentation. One of which is classical maxillary haemangioma and the rest of the others have different and unusual presentations. They all have different radiological features and were managed successfully by different surgical approaches without any recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubhrakanti Sen
- />Department of ENT, NRSMCH, Kolkata, India
- />3, Madan Gopal Para, Nadia, Shantipur, 741404 West Bengal India
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Janson M, Janson G, Sant'Ana E, Alessio Junior LE, Rodrigues de Almeida R. Open-bite orthodontic-surgical treatment in the Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome: a case report. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2010; 109:e17-25. [PMID: 20451830 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe the orthodontic treatment of a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) who received orthodontic treatment that included rapid palatal expansion and orthognathic surgery. There is no report in the literature with this orthodontic treatment protocol, that was considered successful. The pros and cons of this approach as well as the risks involved are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Janson
- Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Fakir E, Roberts T, Stephen L, Beighton P. Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome: orodental manifestations and management considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:754-8. [PMID: 19464652 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome is characterized by a triad of features, namely, vascular nevi, venous varicosities, and hyperplasia of hard and soft tissues in the affected area. Involvement of the orofacial region is uncommon, but nevertheless, a wide range of orofacial abnormalities may necessitate specialized dental and anesthesia management. We have documented the manifestations in 2 affected persons, outlined the nosology, reviewed the literature, and tabulated craniofacial anomalies and orodental complications. Special emphasis is given to the hematologic factors (bleeding tendencies) and vascular involvement (hemangiomata) which may significantly influence orodental management and anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Fakir
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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