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Lee YJ, Pak H, Hwang CJ, Choi YJ, Lee JH, Lee JH, Cha JY. Targeted next-generation sequencing for comprehensive genetic analysis of external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction in the Korean population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:668-679.e5. [PMID: 35965166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External apical root resorption (EARR) is one of the most common unfavorable consequences of orthodontic treatment and causes loss of tooth structure. The present study aimed to investigate the genetics of EARR using next-generation sequencing comprehensively. METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed for comprehensive genetic analysis of 118 Korean orthodontic patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of their EARR value. The association of clinical and genetic parameters with EARR was assessed using the χ2 test or t test for matched pairs, followed by Bonferroni correction and linear regression analysis. In addition, haplotype analysis and in silico prediction were conducted to evaluate functional effects. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed between clinical and treatment-related parameters and EARR. The single nucleotide polymorphisms SPP1 rs9138 (P = 0.001) and SFRP2 rs3810765 (P = 0.04) showed only nominal significance between EARR groups. However, these 2 SNPs were not significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (cutoff P = 0.05/142 = 3.52 × 10-4). Variations in SPP1 rs9138 and SFRP2 rs3810765 may be related to EARR during orthodontic treatment. In summary, not only genes related to inflammatory reactions but also those related to Wnt signaling to affect the degree of EARR during orthodontic teeth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Pak
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Ju Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for the Examination of Dental Hard Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1922:325-332. [PMID: 30838587 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9012-2_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes laboratory protocols for TEM and SEM approaches allowing the examination of the dental hard tissues' constituents at the ultrastructural level. TEM has the highest resolution power to examine the cellular and extracellular matrix ultrastructure inside a given sample, detecting the presence, location, and quantification of organelles related to the metabolism of the cell type as well as membrane specializations. SEM allows the observation of the sample surface, for examining dimensional topography and distribution of exposed features.
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Singh A, Gill G, Kaur H, Amhmed M, Jakhu H. Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement: a review. Prog Orthod 2018; 19:18. [PMID: 29938297 PMCID: PMC6015792 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-018-0216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, most of the known and postulated mechanisms of osteopontin (OPN) and its role in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement are discussed based on available literature. OPN, a multifunctional protein, is considered crucial for bone remodeling, biomineralization, and periodontal remodeling during mechanical tension and stress (orthodontic tooth movement). It contributes to bone remodeling by promoting osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity through CD44- and αvβ3-mediated cell signaling. Further, it has a definitive role in bone remodeling by the formation of podosomes, osteoclast survival, and osteoclast motility. OPN has been shown to have a regulatory effect on hydroxyapatite crystal (HAP) growth and potently inhibits the mineralization of osteoblast cultures in a phosphate-dependent manner. Bone remodeling is vital for orthodontic tooth movement. Significant compressive and tensional forces on the periodontium induce the signaling pathways mediated by various osteogenic genes including OPN, bone sialoprotein, Osterix, and osteocalcin. The signaling pathways involved in the regulation of OPN and its effect on the periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement are further discussed in this review. A limited number of studies have suggested the use of OPN as a biomarker to assess orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPN coding gene Spp1 with orthodontically induced root resorption remains largely unexplored. Accordingly, future research directions for OPN are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjot Singh
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Gurveen Gill
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harsimrat Kaur
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Amhmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harpal Jakhu
- Department of Endodontics, Government Dental College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,Sandalwood Smiles, Private Dental Practice, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
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Chiu G, Chang C, Roberts WE. Interdisciplinary treatment for a compensated Class II partially edentulous malocclusion: Orthodontic creation of a posterior implant site. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:422-435. [PMID: 29501118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 36-year-old woman with good periodontal health sought treatment for a compensated Class II partially edentulous malocclusion associated with a steep mandibular plane (SN-MP, 45°), 9 missing teeth, a 3-mm midline discrepancy, and compromised posterior occlusal function. She had multiple carious lesions, a failing fixed prostheses in the mandibular right quadrant replacing the right first molar, and a severely atrophic edentulous ridge in the area around the mandibular left first and second molars. After restoration of the caries, the mandibular left third molar served as anchorage to correct the mandibular arch crowding. The mandibular left second premolar was retracted with a light force of 2 oz (about 28.3 cN) on the buccal and lingual surfaces to create an implant site between the premolars. Modest lateral root resorption was noted on the distal surface of the mandibular left second premolar after about 7 mm of distal translation in 7 months. Six months later, implants were placed in the mandibular left and right quadrants; the spaces were retained with the fixed appliance for 5 months and a removable retainer for 1 month. Poor cooperation resulted in relapse of the mandibular left second premolar back into the implant site, and it was necessary to reopen the space. When the mandibular left fixture was uncovered, a 3-mm deep osseous defect on the distobuccal surface was found; it was an area of relatively immature bundle bone, because the distal aspect of the space was reopened after the relapse. Subsequent bone grafting resulted in good osseous support of the implant-supported prosthesis. The relatively thin band of attached gingiva on the implant at the mandibular right first molar healed with a recessed contour that was susceptible to food impaction. A free gingival graft restored soft tissue form and function. This severe malocclusion with a discrepancy index value of 28 was treated to an excellent outcome in 38 months of interdisciplinary treatment. The Cast-Radiograph Evaluation score was 13. However, the treatment was complicated by routine relapse and implant osseous support problems. Retreatment of space opening and 2 additional surgeries were required to correct an osseous defect and an inadequate soft tissue contour. Orthodontic treatment is a viable option for creating implant sites, but fixed retention is required until the prosthesis is delivered. Bone augmentation is indicated at the time of implant placement to offset expected bone loss. Complex restorative treatment may result in routine complications that are effectively managed with interdisciplinary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Chiu
- Newton Implant Center, HsinChu City, Taiwan
| | - Chris Chang
- Beethoven Orthodontic Center, HsinChu City, Taiwan
| | - W Eugene Roberts
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University and Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Calif; Department of Orthodontics, St Louis University, St Louis, Mo.
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Nieto-Nieto N, Solano JE, Yañez-Vico R. External apical root resorption concurrent with orthodontic forces: the genetic influence. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:280-287. [PMID: 28358285 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1294260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Root resorption is a pathological process of multifactorial origin related to the permanent loss of dental root structure in response to a mechanical, inflammatory, autoimmune or infectious stimulus. External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent clinical complication secondary to orthodontic tooth movement; apart from variables related to treatment, environmental factors and/or interindividual genetic variations can confer susceptibility or resistance to its occurrence. In this context, genetic predisposition has been described as an etiological factor, together with mechanical factors derived from orthodontic treatment. In recent years, international research groups have determined the degree of influence of some genetic biomarkers in defining increased/reduced susceptibility to postorthodontic EARR. The influences of the IL1 gene cluster (IL1B, IL1A, IL1RN, IL6), P2RX7, CASP1, OPG (TNFRSF11B), RANK (TNFRSF11A), Osteopontin (OPN), TNFα, the vitamin D receptor (TaqI), TNSALP and IRAK1 have been analyzed. The objective of the present review study was to compile and analyze the latest information about the genetic background predisposing to EARR during orthodontic treatment. Genetics-based studies along with other basic science research in the field might help to clarify the exact nature of EARR, the influence of genetic inheritance and possibly lead to the prevention or even eradication of this phenomenon during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Nieto-Nieto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Enrique Solano
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez-Vico
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Al-Daghreer S, Doschak M, Sloan AJ, Major PW, Heo G, Scurtescu C, Tsui YY, El-Bialy T. Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption in beagle dogs. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1187-1196. [PMID: 24613212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in vivo. Ten beagle dogs were treated with an orthodontic appliance to move the mandibular fourth premolars bodily. The orthodontic movement was carried out for 4 wk with a continuous force of 1 N/side; using a split-mouth model, LIPUS was applied daily for 20 min. Fourth premolar and surrounding periodontal tissue were evaluated with micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. We calculated the number, volume and distribution of root resorption lacunae and their percentage relative to total root volume, orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal ligament space. There was no significant difference in orthodontic tooth movement between the two sides. LIPUS significantly reduced the number of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption initiation areas by 71%, reduced their total volume by 68% and reduced their volume relative to the affected root total volume by 70%. LIPUS induced the formation of a precementum layer, thicker cementum and reparative cellular cementum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Daghreer
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Orthodontic Graduate Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael Doschak
- Pharmaceutical Orthopaedic Research Lab, 2-020 J Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alastair J Sloan
- Tissue Engineering & Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Major
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Orthodontic Graduate Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Giseon Heo
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Orthodontic Graduate Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cristian Scurtescu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, W2-108 Electrical & Computer Engineering Research Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ying Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, W2-108 Electrical & Computer Engineering Research Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tarek El-Bialy
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Orthodontic Graduate Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lindskog-Stokland B, Hansen K, Ekestubbe A, Wennstrom JL. Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous ridge areas--a case series. Eur J Orthod 2011; 35:277-85. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjr029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liou EJW, Chang PMH. Apical root resorption in orthodontic patients with en-masse maxillary anterior retraction and intrusion with miniscrews. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137:207-12. [PMID: 20152676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purposes of this retrospective study were to investigate the apical root resorption of maxillary incisors in orthodontic patients with en-masse maxillary anterior retraction and intrusion with miniscrews and the factors disposing a patient to apical root resorption. METHODS Fifty adult patients with maxillary protrusion were included; 30 were treated with miniscrews and extraction of the maxillary first premolars (group I), and 20 were treated with extraction of the maxillary first premolars (group II). For each patient, periapical films of the maxillary incisors and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatment to evaluate apical root resorption and cephalometric measurements. The intergroup differences were analyzed with the Student t test and the correlations between apical root resorption and cephalometric measurements were analyzed by the Pearson correlation. RESULTS The apical root resorption values were 16.0% to 20.0% (2.5-2.8 mm) in group I and 13.4% to 14.4% (2.1-2.3 mm) of the original root length in group II. Group I had significantly more severe Class II jaw discrepancy (ANB, 7.1 degrees +/- 1.9 degrees ) than did group II (ANB, 3.2 degrees +/- 2.9 degrees ). The amount of maxillary en-masse anterior retraction (8.2 +/- 2.4 mm), the duration of treatment (28.3 +/- 7.3 months), and apical root resorption of maxillary lateral incisors were significantly greater in group I than in group II. Apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisors was significantly correlated to the duration of treatment but not to the amount of en-masse retraction, intrusion, or palatal tipping of maxillary incisors. CONCLUSIONS Miniscrew anchorage allows for more maxillary en-masse anterior retraction in patients with severe Class II cases. But the time needed for the greater amount of maxillary en-masse anterior retraction with miniscrew anchorage is longer and might dispose the patient to more apical root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J W Liou
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Dentistry Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Activation of RhoA and FAK induces ERK-mediated osteopontin expression in mechanical force-subjected periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 335:263-72. [PMID: 19798549 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanism by which Rho kinase translates the mechanical signals into OPN up-regulation in force-exposed fibroblasts has not been elucidated. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPLFs) were exposed to mechanical force by centrifuging the culture plates at a magnitude of 50 g/cm(2) for 60 min. At various times of the force application, they were processed for analyzing cell viability, trypan blue exclusion, and OPN expression at protein and RNA levels. Cellular mechanism(s) of the force-induced OPN up-regulation was also examined using various kinase inhibitors or antisense oligonucleotides specific to mechanosensitive factors. Centrifugal force up-regulated OPN expression and induced a rapid and transient increase in the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and Elk1. Pharmacological blockade of RhoA/Rho-associated coiled coil-containing kinase (ROCK) signaling markedly reduced force-induced FAK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Transfecting hPLFs with FAK antisense oligonucleotide diminished ERK1/2 activation and force-induced OPN expression. Further, ERK inhibitor inhibited significantly OPN expression, Elk1 phosphorylation, and activator protein-1 (AP-1)-DNA binding activation, but not FAK phosphorylation, in the force-applied cells. These results demonstrate that FAK signaling plays critical roles in force-induced OPN expression in hPLFs through interaction with Rho/ROCK as upstream effectors and ERK-Elk1/ERK-c-Fos as downstream effectors.
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Huang L, Meng Y, Ren A, Han X, Bai D, Bao L. Response of cementoblast-like cells to mechanical tensile or compressive stress at physiological levels in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1741-8. [PMID: 18850302 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of cementoblast in orthodontic-related root resorption, this study was attempted to examine whether murine cementoblast-like cells are responsive to mechanical stress, and how mechanical forces regulate bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) gene expression in these cells in vitro. In this force-loading model, defined and reproducible mechanical loadings of different magnitudes and types were applied up to 24 h. Besides a transitory and reversible change in cell proliferation, remarkable alterations in gene transcription of BSP and OPN were found. BSP mRNA was suppressed by the stresses. Three and six hours-loadings at 2,000 microstrain up-regulated the expression of OPN mRNA, while the other loadings inhibited it. The study also concluded that 4,000 microstrain was likely to exert more influence on cementoblast-like cells than 2,000 microstrain. Furthermore, no obvious evidence indicated the difference between tension and compression. These results suggested that cementoblast-like cells are sensitive to mechanical stress, and may play a role in regulating orthodontic-related root resorption/repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G. Kokich
- Department of Orthodontics; School of Dentistry; University of Washington
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