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Bernisha R, Mishra G, Pradeep Raj G, Chitra P. Incisor torque expression characteristics in two passive self-ligating brackets placed at different heights. A finite element investigation. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:98-106. [PMID: 38293569 PMCID: PMC10827546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated torque expression in maxillary incisors using two passive self-ligating bracket types (Damon Q and Pitts 21) placed at different heights using the Finite element method. Materials and methods Two passive self-ligating brackets, Damon Q (Ormco, USA) and Pitts 21 (OC Orthodontics, USA) were 3D modeled using micro-computed tomography. Damon Q (0.022ˮ x 0.028″ slot size) and Pitts 21 (0.021ˮ x 0.021″ slot size) brackets were placed on a maxillary central incisor at predetermined vertical heights. Arch wires of size 0.019ˮ x 0.025″ stainless steel (Damon Q) and 0.020ˮ x 0.020" Titanium Molybdenum (Pitts 21) were placed in the bracket slots. Results Pitts 21 brackets showed higher torquing moments at all bonding heights as compared to Damon Q brackets. The minimum torquing moment was 9.03Nmm at 5 mm for Damon Q and the maximum torquing moment was 14.92Nmm for Pitts 21 at a bracket bonding height of 8 mm. Total deformation for Pitts 21 at a height of 5 mm from the incisal edge was 0.61 × 10-6mm as compared to that of Damon Q which was 0.41 × 10-6mm. Lowest Von Mises stress values were at 27.07 MPa in Damon Q brackets at a bracket height of 5 mm from the incisal edge. Highest Von Mises stress values were 36.80 MPa for Pitts 21 brackets at a bracket height of 8 mm from the incisal edge. Conclusion Pitts 21 brackets exhibited superior torquing characteristics compared to Damon Q. Total deformation in Pitts 21 was higher than Damon Q at all tested bracket bonding heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.P Bernisha
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500087, India
| | - Gyanda Mishra
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500087, India
| | - G. Pradeep Raj
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500087, India
| | - Prasad Chitra
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500087, India
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Ren X, Li J, Zhao Y, Li H, Lei L. Torque expression by active and passive self-ligating brackets in patients with four premolar extractions: A retrospective study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 23:509-516. [PMID: 32583548 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Appropriate torque expression contributes to ideal treatment outcomes both clinically and aesthetically. Whether active and passive self-ligating brackets (SLBs) have different torque-control capability in vivo has never been reported. The purpose of present study was to explore whether there was difference in torque expression in active and passive SLBs. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION In this retrospective study, 225 patients with four first premolar extractions were enrolled. For each patient, the digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of 2 groups: 111 subjects were treated with passive SLBs (Damon Q, Ormco) and 114 subjects with active SLBs (Empower 2, American Orthodontics). Measurements to determine skeletal changes and incisor inclination were obtained from cephalometric tracings using Dolphin software (version 11.8, USA). Comparisons in both groups and intergroups were compared using t tests and chi-square test. RESULTS Significant differences in the variation of U1-SN(°), U1-NA(°), L1-NB(°) and L1-FH(°) were found between two groups. More labially inclined maxillary incisors were found in active SLB group, while more labially inclined mandibular incisors were observed in passive SLB group. CONCLUSIONS With the present prescription set in the two brackets, active SLBs achieved more proclined maxillary incisors and retroclined mandibular incisors. Clinicians should take torque expression of brackets into consideration during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Stasinopoulos D, Papageorgiou SN, Kirsch F, Daratsianos N, Jäger A, Bourauel C. Failure patterns of different bracket systems and their influence on treatment duration: A retrospective cohort study. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:338-347. [PMID: 29394090 PMCID: PMC8288329 DOI: 10.2319/081817-559.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the failure pattern of four different bracket types and to assess its effect on treatment duration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 78 white patients (28 male, 50 female) with a mean age of 12.6 years were included in this retrospective cohort study and treated for a mean period of 30.6 months. The patients were treated in a private practice with stainless steel conventionally ligated brackets, ceramic conventionally ligated brackets, stainless steel self-ligating brackets, or nickel-free self-ligating brackets. The loss of at least one bracket during the course of treatment was analyzed with Cox proportional hazards survival analyses and generalized linear regression. RESULTS The overall bracket failure rate at the tooth level was 14.1% (217 brackets), with significant differences according to tooth type (between 8.0%-23.4%) and bracket type (between 11.2%-20.0%). After taking confounders into account, patients treated with ceramic brackets lost more brackets (hazard ratio = 1.62; 95% confidence interval = 1.14-2.29; P = .007) than patients with stainless steel brackets. On average, treatment time increased by 0.6 months (95% confidence interval = 0.21-1.05; P = .004) for each additional failed bracket. CONCLUSIONS Bracket failure was more often observed with ceramic brackets and was associated with increased treatment duration.
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Gölz L, Knickenberg AC, Keilig L, Reimann S, Papageorgiou SN, Jäger A, Bourauel C. Nickel ion concentrations in the saliva of patients treated with self-ligating fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 77:85-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Carneiro GKM, Roque JA, Segundo ASG, Suzuki H. Evaluation of stiffness and plastic deformation of active ceramic self-ligating bracket clips after repetitive opening and closure movements. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 20:45-50. [PMID: 26352844 PMCID: PMC4593529 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.20.4.045-050.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether repetitive opening and closure of self-ligating bracket clips can cause plastic deformation of the clip. METHODS Three types of active/interactive ceramic self-ligating brackets (n = 20) were tested: In-Ovation C, Quicklear and WOW. A standardized controlled device performed 500 cycles of opening and closure movements of the bracket clip with proper instruments and techniques adapted as recommended by the manufacturer of each bracket type. Two tensile tests, one before and one after the repetitive cycles, were performed to assess the stiffness of the clips. To this end, a custom-made stainless steel 0.40 x 0.40 mm wire was inserted into the bracket slot and adapted to the universal testing machine (EMIC DL2000), after which measurements were recorded. On the loading portion of the loading-unloading curve of clips, the slope fitted a first-degree equation curve to determine the stiffness/deflection rate of the clip. RESULTS The results of plastic deformation showed no significant difference among bracket types before and after the 500 cycles of opening and closure (p = 0.811). There were significant differences on stiffness among the three types of brackets (p = 0.005). The WOW bracket had higher mean values, whereas Quicklear bracket had lower values, regardless of the opening/closure cycle. CONCLUSION Repetitive controlled opening and closure movements of the clip did not alter stiffness or cause plastic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliano Alves Roque
- Department of Orthodontics, Centro de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, BR
| | - Aguinaldo Silva Garcez Segundo
- Department of Orthodontics, Centro de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, BR
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Department of Orthodontics, Centro de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, BR
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Júnior RSS, Caldas SGFR, Martins LP, Martins RP. Effects of stress relaxation in beta-titanium orthodontic loops: Part II. Angle Orthod 2015; 86:386-90. [PMID: 26263044 DOI: 10.2319/112614-846.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine which regions of beta-titanium T-loop springs (TLSs) are more affected by the stress relaxation over a 12-week period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty TLS were previously activated by concentrated bends and divided into five groups of 10 each according to their evaluation periods: immediate assessment (G0), 24 hours (G1), 48 hours (G2), 1 week (G3), and 12 weeks (G4). Groups 1 to 4 were mounted into a structure simulating a clinical situation. After the experimental periods, the springs were scanned for measurement of their angles and numbered from 1 to 9. A two-way analysis of variance was used to detect differences among the angles measured and differences caused by time and also to detect interactions between those two factors. Tukey's test was used to find differences among the groups. RESULTS Time influenced the angulations of the TLSs (P < .001). Tukey post hoc test showed that G0 (84.1°) presented a different profile, whereas G1 (90.2°), G2 (90.7°), and G3 (91.1°) had similar profiles among each other, with G4 (92.6°) showing a mean value different from all other groups. A significant interaction was detected between activation time and angular deformation in the TLSs (P < .01). CONCLUSION Stress relaxation was observed in the TLSs. It was greatest within 24 hours and gradually increased up to 12 weeks. Two regions were identified as responsible for the relaxation of the TLSs: one at the bend between the vertical extensions of the springs and the base arch and the other at the preactivation bends made in the base arch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergei G F R Caldas
- b Professor, Department of Odontology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lídia P Martins
- c Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato P Martins
- d Adjunct Professor, Orthodontic Program, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, and private practice, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Different bracket-archwire combinations for simulated correction of two-dimensional tooth malalignment: Leveling outcomes and initial force systems. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 75:459-70. [PMID: 25344125 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-ligating brackets are widely believed to be more effective in clinical use and to involve less friction and force. Thus, the goal of this in vitro investigation was to experimentally assess the effectiveness of different bracket-archwire combinations and the force levels exerted in two-dimensional direction during correction of tooth malalignment. An important aspect of this objective was to determine whether the behaviors of conventional bracket systems with an elastic or steel ligature differ from that of self-ligating brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three conventional (Mini Taurus®, RMO; Synergy®, RMO; Victory Series™, 3M Unitek) and three self-ligating bracket systems (Speed™, Strite; Smart Clip™, 3M Unitek; Time 3, American Orthodontics) were analyzed. All brackets had 0.018-inch (0.46-mm) slots and--except for the self-ligating brackets-were tested with both a steel ligature (0.25 mm; Remanium, Dentaurum) and an elastic rubber ligature (1.3 mm in diameter; Dentalastics, Dentaurum). They were fitted with four different round wires: a 0.30-mm stainless steel (3M Unitek), 0.38-mm stainless steel coaxial (Advanced Orthodontics), 0.30-mm Thermalloy NiTi (RMO), and 0.30-mm Orthonol NiTi (RMO) archwire. The orthodontic measurement and simulation system (OMSS) was used to simulate a two-dimensional (2 mm of infraocclusion and 2 mm of vestibular displacement) malalignment of tooth 21 inserted in a resin replica of a Frasaco model. Four brackets of the same type were assessed and four individual measurements taken per bracket to analyze initial force systems and corrective malalignment outcomes. RESULTS The initial force systems and tooth movements varied distinctly between the different material combinations in conjunction with the ligation systems and archwire types used. The force systems generated were readily reproducible across individual measurements. Leveling outcomes and force systems between conventional steel-ligated and self-ligating brackets coincided in most cases. Both of these device configurations corrected the malalignment by 78-99 % on average. Rubber-ligated conventional brackets, by contrast, performed significantly worse due to exertion of significantly higher forces and 60 % less of a leveling effect. CONCLUSION Our investigation demonstrates that both conventional steel-ligated brackets and self-ligating brackets, which are highlighted in the literature as highly efficient systems, lead to equivalent corrective outcomes in the treatment of tooth malalignments.
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Harradine N, Moresca R, Ursi W, Pobanz J, Accorsi M. An interview with Nigel Harradine. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 19:30-7. [PMID: 25279519 PMCID: PMC4296646 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.030-037.int] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Maia LHEG, Lopes Filho H, Ruellas ACDO, Araújo MTDS, Vaitsman DS. Corrosion behavior of self-ligating and conventional metal brackets. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 19:108-14. [PMID: 24945521 PMCID: PMC4296607 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.108-114.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To test the null hypothesis that the aging process in self-ligating brackets is
not higher than in conventional brackets. Methods Twenty-five conventional (GN-3M/Unitek; GE-GAC; VE-Aditek) and 25 self-ligating
(SCs-3M/Unitek; INs-GAC; ECs-Aditek) metal brackets from three manufacturers (n =
150) were submitted to aging process in 0.9% NaCl solution at a constant
temperature of 37 ± 1ºC for 21 days. The content of nickel, chromium and iron ions
in the solution collected at intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days was quantified by
atomic absorption spectrophotometry. After the aging process, the brackets were
analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under 22X and 1,000X
magnifications. Results Comparison of metal release in self-ligating and conventional brackets from the
same manufacturer proved that the SCs group released more nickel (p < 0.05)
than the GN group after 7 and 14 days, but less chromium (p < 0.05) after 14
days and less iron (p < 0.05) at the three experimental time intervals. The INs
group released less iron (p < 0.05) than the GE group after 7 days and less
nickel, chromium and iron (p < 0.05) after 14 and 21 days. The ECs group
released more nickel, chromium and iron (p < 0.05) than the VE group after 14
days, but released less nickel and chromium (p < 0.05) after 7 days and less
chromium and iron (p < 0.05) after 21 days. The SEM analysis revealed
alterations on surface topography of conventional and self-ligating brackets. Conclusions The aging process in self-ligating brackets was not greater than in conventional
brackets from the same manufacturer. The null hypothesis was accepted.
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Songra G, Clover M, Atack NE, Ewings P, Sherriff M, Sandy JR, Ireland AJ. Comparative assessment of alignment efficiency and space closure of active and passive self-ligating vs conventional appliances in adolescents: a single-center randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:569-78. [PMID: 24785921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the time to initial alignment and extraction space closure using conventional brackets and active and passive self-ligating brackets. METHODS One hundred adolescent patients 11 to 18 years of age undergoing maxillary and mandibular fixed appliance therapy after the extraction of 4 premolars were randomized with stratification of 2 age ranges (11-14 and 15-18 years) and 3 maxillomandibular plane angles (high, medium, and low) with an allocation ratio of 1:2:2. Restrictions were applied using a block size of 10. Allocation was to 1 of 3 treatment groups: conventional brackets, active self-ligating, or passive self-ligating brackets. All subjects were treated with the same archwire sequence and space-closing mechanics in a district general hospital setting. The trial was a 3-arm parallel design. Labial-segment alignment and space closure were measured on study models taken every 12 weeks throughout treatment. All measurements were made by 1 operator who was blinded to bracket type. The patients and other operators were not blinded to bracket type during treatment. RESULTS Ninety-eight patients were followed to completion of treatment (conventional, n = 20; active self-ligating brackets, n = 37; passive self-ligating brackets, n = 41). The data were analyzed using linear mixed models and demonstrated a significant effect of bracket type on the time to initial alignment (P = 0.001), which was shorter with the conventional brackets than either of the self-ligating brackets. Sidak's adjustment showed no significant difference in effect size (the difference in average response in millimeters) between the active and passive self-ligating brackets (the results are presented as effect size, 95% confidence intervals, probabilities, and intraclass correlation coefficients) (-0.42 [-1.32, 0.48], 0.600, 0.15), but the conventional bracket was significantly different from both of these (-1.98 [-3.19, -0.76], 0.001, 0.15; and -1.56 [-2.79, -0.32], 0.001, 0.15). There was no statistically significant difference between any of the 3 bracket types with respect to space closure. Space-closure times were shorter in the mandible, except for the Damon 3MX bracket (Ormco, Orange, Calif), where active and total space-closure times were shorter in the maxilla. No adverse events were recorded in the trial. CONCLUSIONS Time to initial alignment was significantly shorter for the conventional bracket than for either the active or passive self-ligating brackets. There was no statistically significant difference in passive, active, or total space-closure times among the 3 brackets under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldie Songra
- Senior specialist registrar, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nikki E Atack
- Consultant orthodontist, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ewings
- Visiting professor, Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Sherriff
- Visiting professor, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Sandy
- Professor, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Ireland
- Professor, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Papageorgiou SN, Konstantinidis I, Papadopoulou K, Jäger A, Bourauel C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental clinical evidence on initial aligning archwires and archwire sequences. Orthod Craniofac Res 2014; 17:197-215. [PMID: 24889143 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess treatment effects and potential side effects of different archwires used on patients receiving orthodontic therapy. Electronic and manual unrestricted searches were conducted in 19 databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until April 2012 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment with the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and narrative analysis, mean differences (MDs) with confidence intervals (CIs) of similar studies were pooled using a random-effects model and evaluated with GRADE. A total of 16 RCTs were included assessing different archwire characteristics on 1108 patients. Regarding initial archwires, meta-analysis of two trials found slightly greater irregularity correction with an austenitic-active nickel-titanium (NiTi) compared with an martensitic-stabilized NiTi archwire (corresponding to MD: 1.11 mm, 95% CI: -0.38 to 2.61). Regarding archwire sequences, meta-analysis of two trials found it took patient treated with a sequence of martensitic-active copper-nickel-titanium (CuNiTi) slightly longer to reach the working archwire (MD: 0.54 months, 95% CI: -0.87 to 1.95) compared with a martensitic-stabilized NiTi sequence. However, patients treated with a sequence of martensitic-active CuNiTi archwires reported general greater pain intensity on the Likert scale 4 h and 1 day after placement of each archwire, compared with a martensitic-stabilized NiTi sequence. Although confidence in effect estimates ranged from moderate to high, meta-analyses could be performed only for limited comparisons, while inconsistency might pose a threat to some of them. At this point, there is insufficient data to make recommendations about the majority of initial archwires or for a specific archwire sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Papageorgiou
- Department of Oral Technology, School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Papageorgiou SN, Konstantinidis I, Papadopoulou K, Jager A, Bourauel C. Clinical effects of pre-adjusted edgewise orthodontic brackets: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:350-63. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu X, Lin J, Ding P. Changes in the surface roughness and friction coefficient of orthodontic bracket slots before and after treatment. SCANNING 2013; 35:265-272. [PMID: 23086715 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the surface roughness of bracket slots and the friction coefficient between the bracket and the stainless steel archwire before and after orthodontic treatment. There were four experimental groups: groups 1 and 2 were 3M new and retrieved brackets, respectively, and groups 3 and 4 were BioQuick new and retrieved brackets, respectively. All retrieved brackets were taken from patients with the first premolar extraction and using sliding mechanics to close the extraction space. The surface roughness of specimens was evaluated using an optical interferometry profilometer, which is faster and nondestructive compared with a stylus profilometer, and provided a larger field, needing no sample preparation, compared with atomic force microscopy. Orthodontic treatment resulted in significant increases in surface roughness and coefficient of friction for both brands of brackets. However, there was no significant difference by brand for new or retrieved brackets. These retrieval analysis results highlight the necessity of reevaluating the properties and clinical behavior of brackets during treatment to make appropriate treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomo Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Three-dimensional deformation comparison of self-ligating brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 143:645-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen SSH, Greenlee GM, Kim JE, Smith CL, Huang GJ. Systematic review of self-ligating brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137:726.e1-726.e18; discussion 726-7. [PMID: 20685517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-ligating brackets have been gaining popularity over the past several decades. Various advantages for these systems have been claimed. The purposes of this systematic review were to identify and review the orthodontic literature with regard to the efficiency, effectiveness, and stability of treatment with self-ligating brackets compared with conventional brackets. METHODS An electronic search in 4 data bases was performed from 1966 to 2009, with supplemental hand searching of the references of retrieved articles. Quality assessment of the included articles was performed. Data were extracted by using custom forms, and weighted mean differences were calculated. RESULTS Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including 2 randomized controlled trials with low risk of bias, 10 cohort studies with moderate risk of bias, and 4 cross-sectional studies with moderate to high risk of bias. Self-ligation appears to have a significant advantage with regard to chair time, based on several cross-sectional studies. Analyses also showed a small, but statistically significant, difference in mandibular incisor proclination (1.5 degrees less in self-ligating systems). No other differences in treatment time and occlusal characteristics after treatment were found between the 2 systems. No studies on long-term stability of treatment were identified. CONCLUSIONS Despite claims about the advantages of self-ligating brackets, evidence is generally lacking. Shortened chair time and slightly less incisor proclination appear to be the only significant advantages of self-ligating systems over conventional systems that are supported by the current evidence.
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Active or passive self-ligating brackets? A randomized controlled trial of comparative efficiency in resolving maxillary anterior crowding in adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137:12.e1-6; discussion 12-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Numeric modeling of torque capabilities of self-ligating and conventional brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 136:638-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Alleviation of mandibular anterior crowding with copper-nickel-titanium vs nickel-titanium wires: A double-blind randomized control trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pandis N, Eliades T, Bourauel C. Comparative assessment of forces generated during simulated alignment with self-ligating and conventional brackets. Eur J Orthod 2009; 31:590-5. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjn107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
The manufacturers of self-ligating brackets advertise a reduction of the friction engendered between the wire and the bracket, which is an essential parameter for treatment's speed and comfort. We have compared the friction obtained with four types of self-ligating brackets - In-Ovation R, Damon 3, Smart Clip and Quick - with that of a standard bracket Omniarch associated with an elastomeric ligature. All bracket were tested on a bench of traction with three types of wires: steel .019"x.025", TMA .019"x.025" and NEO sentalloy F300 .020"x.020". The results confirm a clear friction reduction for all tested wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Thermac
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Lyon, 6-8 place Depéret, 69007 Lyon, France.
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Forces exerted by conventional and self-ligating brackets during simulated first- and second-order corrections. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 133:738-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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