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Bachiega Morelli RF, Nelson-Filho P, Carpio Horta K, Feres M, Lima Ferreira JT, Romano FL, Sasso Stuani MB, Pereira Saraiva MC, Bitencourt Reis CL, Nakane Matsumoto MA. Microbial contamination profile on esthetic elastomeric ligatures through the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique : A randomized split-mouth study. J Orofac Orthop 2024; 85:155-164. [PMID: 38180483 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the microbial contamination of three different brands of esthetic elastomeric ligatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different brands of esthetic ligatures (Unistick Pearl [American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA], Power Sticks Pearl [Ortho Technology, Tampa, FL, USA], and Ease [Obscure, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA]) were randomly assigned to permanent canines of 25 patients (aged 11-18 years) undergoing corrective orthodontic treatment. After 30 days, the ligatures were removed, processed, and the biofilm composition was analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 bacterial species. The microbiological data were analyzed using a nonparametric mixed model. RESULTS The ligatures presented intense microbial contamination after 30 days, but no statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups (p > 0.05). The levels of the evaluated individual species and proportions of the microbial complexes showed no statistically significant differences among the ligature groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Esthetic elastomeric ligatures became multicolonized by several bacterial species after 30 days of exposure to the oral cavity. However, no relevant differences were observed among the biofilm composition formed on the different ligature brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernanda Bachiega Morelli
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Carpio Horta
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Tarcísio Lima Ferreira
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição Pereira Saraiva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Luiz Bitencourt Reis
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Kim JH, Yu JH, Mangal U, Liu J, Jung HJ, Cha JY. Evaluation of dental plaque reduction using microcurrent-emitting toothbrushes in orthodontic patients: a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12126. [PMID: 38802414 PMCID: PMC11130244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of microcurrent-emitting toothbrushes (MCTs) and ordinary toothbrushes in reducing the dental plaque index (PI) and dental caries activity among orthodontic patients. The evaluation was performed using a crossover study design involving 22 orthodontic patients randomly assigned to the MCT or ordinary toothbrush groups. The participants used the designated toothbrush for 4 weeks and had a 1-week wash-out time before crossover to the other toothbrush. PI (Attin's index) and dental caries activity were measured at baseline and at the end of each 4-week period. Additionally, patients completed questionnaires to assess patient satisfaction for "freshness in mouth" and "cleansing degree." The results showed that the MCT group had a significant reduction in PI (p = 0.009), whereas the ordinary toothbrush group did not (p = 0.595). There was no significant difference in the dental caries activity between the two groups (p > 0.05). Patient satisfaction assessment revealed that 65% patients in the MCT group had more than "fair" experience of freshness, in contrast to 50% of patients in the ordinary toothbrush group. Satisfaction with cleansing degree was similar in both groups. Overall, these findings suggest that MCTs are more effective in reducing dental PI than ordinary toothbrushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoi Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Utkarsh Mangal
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Jung
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Dental Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Periodontal Health in Patients with Self-Ligating Brackets: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092570. [PMID: 35566696 PMCID: PMC9101337 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the available evidence from human clinical studies of using self-ligating brackets compared to conventional brackets in maintaining periodontal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protocol details were registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022302689). This review was performed under the PRISMA guidelines. The electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature databases, as well as manual searches to find relevant articles published until January 2022. The inclusion criteria consisted of human clinical studies which reported the use of fixed orthodontic treatment with self-ligating brackets (SLBs) or conventional brackets (CBs) in maintaining periodontal health. RESULTS A total of 453 studies were imported into the Covidence Platform from the databases. Of these, six articles met the inclusion criteria. For plaque index, statistical significance was achieved for SLBs compared to CBs (0.31 (95% CI (0.15 to 0.48), p = 0.0001). For gingival index, probing depth and bleeding on probing no statistical significance was achieved. None of the included studies assessed clinical attachment level. CONCLUSIONS The present systematic review with meta-analysis was considered to provide relevant data on periodontal health during orthodontic treatment in patients with SLBs in comparison with patients wearing CBs. Our findings indicated that SLBs are not superior to CBs in terms of periodontal health.
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Thiruvengadam V, Chitharanjan AB, Kumar K, Singaram V. Comparison of Streptococcus mutans Adhesion on New and Recycled Metal Brackets: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e23574. [PMID: 35371893 PMCID: PMC8964481 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluation of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on recycled orthodontic brackets is significant, as Streptococcus mutans is the main causative factor in enamel demineralization and many clinicians, in their practice, resort to reconditioning of brackets, as it is cost-effective. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on new brackets of three different companies (Group I, Group II, and Group III) and brackets recycled by three different recycling methods (RC I: flame heating followed by acid bath; RC II: flame heating followed by ultrasonic cleaning and electropolishing; RC III: flame heating followed by sandblasting and electropolishing). Materials and methods: A total of 10 brackets from each group were incubated with 108 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus mutans in trypticase soy broth overnight. The brackets were then washed with phosphate-buffered saline and treated with 0.25% trypsin for 20 minutes followed by vertexing the solution to remove the adhered bacteria and then the solution was plated on the blood agar and incubated overnight. The total viable count of bacteria was quantified. Results: Comparing all the three groups and recycling methods, Group II brackets showed significantly more adhesion, Group I brackets showed lesser adhesion, and Group III brackets showed intermediate adhesion. When comparing recycling methods, all the three methods of recycling with all the three groups showed more bacterial adhesion than the control brackets, which was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Recycled brackets showed more bacterial adhesion and electropolishing resulted in reduced bacterial adhesion.
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Bergamo AZN, Casarin RCV, do Nascimento C, Matsumoto MAN, de Carvalho FK, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P. Self-ligating brackets exhibit accumulation of high levels of periodontopathogens in gingival crevicular fluid. Odontology 2022; 110:460-466. [PMID: 35037112 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different types of brackets seem to influence the disruption of the oral microbial environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of self-ligating brackets on the gingival crevicular fluid levels of the putative periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans sorotype a (Aaa), Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sixty samples of crevicular fluid of twenty patients (11 boys and 9 girls) were analysed at baseline (T0) and after 30 (T1) and 60 (T2) days of bonding of the self-ligating (In-Ovation®R, Dentsply, GAC or SmartClip™, 3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and of one conventional bracket (Gemini™, 3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) used with elastomeric ligatures. Total DNA from samples was extracted using CTAB-DNA precipitation method and Real-time PCR was performed to analyse bacterial level. Non-parametric Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis (p value of < 0.05). F. nucleatum presented a different level among the different brackets at T1 (p = 0.025), the highest level in the Gemini™ bracket when compared to the SmartClip™ bracket (p = 0.043). P. ginigvalis levels increased in the In-Ovation®R (p = 0.028) at T1. The subgingival levels of bacterial species associated with periodontal disease P. ginigvalis increased in the self-ligating brackets In-Ovation®R.Clinical Relevance: Some kinds of brackets could provide more retentive sites than others, and it seems to modulate the subgingival microbiota, since, in this study, we could observe the increase of the species associated with periodontal disease. Preventive protocols should be adopted in the use of self-ligating brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Kitazono de Carvalho
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
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Araújo JLDS, Alvim MMA, Campos MJDS, Apolônio ACM, Carvalho FG, Lacerda-Santos R. Analysis of Chlorhexidine Modified Cement in Orthodontic Patients: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:639-646. [PMID: 34428840 PMCID: PMC8630966 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC) modified by chlorhexidine (CLX) for the purpose of cementing bands to the teeth of orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients, between the ages of 19 and 33 years, in the initial stage of orthodontic treatment, were randomly designated to two groups using the split-mouth design (n = 10). One group (GICEX) had bands cemented with GIC modified by CLX and a Control group (GIC), evaluated at time intervals before (T0), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) after cementation. Total microbiological counts were performed, and color stability of tooth enamel, salivary pH, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The Friedman and Dunn's tests, Mann-Whitney, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey, and paired and non-paired t-tests (p< 0.05) were used. RESULTS In T3, there was evidence of significant reduction in the quantity of colony forming unit (CFU) in GICEX group in comparison with the Control (p = 0.041). In T6, the quantity of CFU was similar to the quantity in T3 and significantly different to control (p = 0.045); Control group demonstrated a similar quantity of CFU between the experimental time intervals (p = 0.066). Salivary pH demonstrated significant difference only between the time intervals T0 and T6 (p = 0.022). The tooth enamel color (p = 0.366) and ARI (p = 0.343) values demonstrated no significant changes. CONCLUSION The incorporation of CLX into GIC demonstrated effective antibacterial action, allowed a good bond of the cement to the enamel, a high rate of survival of the bands, did not change the color of the tooth enamel, and maintained the salivary pH at physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lucas Dos Santos Araújo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Massi Afonso Alvim
- Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Brazil.,Pharmacy School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio José da Silva Campos
- Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Morais Apolônio
- Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Galbiatti Carvalho
- Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Lacerda-Santos
- Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Skilbeck MG, Mei L, Mohammed H, Cannon RD, Farella M. The effect of ligation methods on biofilm formation in patients undergoing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic therapy - A systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:14-30. [PMID: 34042260 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many modifications to fixed orthodontic appliances have been introduced to manage biofilm formation. The aim of this review was to investigate elastomeric ligation in comparison with stainless steel ligation and self-ligation with regard to microbiological and clinical indicators of biofilm formation in patients wearing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances. METHODS The MEDLINE and the EMBASE databases were searched up to February 2021 and supplemented by additional manual searches of bibliographies. Parallel-group and split-mouth randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different ligation methods were identified. The Cochrane Risk of Bias-2 tool was applied to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS A total of 11 RCTs were included in this review. Nine RCTs compared self-ligation and elastomeric ligation; two compared elastomeric ligation and stainless steel ligation. The included studies had either some concerns or were at a high risk of bias. Qualitative assessment of the studies identified that there were no significant differences in biofilm formation between elastomeric ligation and self-ligation, but that stainless steel ligation was less susceptible to biofilm formation than elastomeric ligation. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences between self-ligation and elastomeric ligation for biofilm formation in patients wearing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances. Stainless steel ligation may accumulate less biofilm than elastomeric ligation; however, the clinical significance of the difference could not be evaluated. Further high-quality studies are required in order to determine which ligation method is better for managing biofilm formation in patients wearing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Skilbeck
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hisham Mohammed
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Farella
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Bauer Faria TR, Furletti-Goes VF, Franzini CM, de Aro AA, de Andrade TAM, Sartoratto A, de Menezes CC. Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of Zingiber officinale mouthwash on patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:21-29. [PMID: 33097364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of mouthwashes with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CLX) and 0.5% Zingiber officinale essential oil (ZOEO). METHODS The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of ZOEO was developed, and the mouthwash was prepared. Thirty-one adult subjects of both sexes with fixed orthodontic appliances were selected. For 7 days, the mouthwashes with CLX, ZOEO, and flavored sterile water placebo were used randomly, with a 15-day interval between each solution. Saliva was collected before the first mouthwash, 1 minute and 15 minutes after it, and on the seventh day. The patients were subjected to clinical examinations of the bonded bracket index proposed by Ciancio, bleeding on probing, and sensory analysis (flavor). Generalized linear models were used to assess in vitro cell viability. The GENMOD procedure was used to assess the changes of bleeding on probing, and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for data on colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL), bonded bracket index, and flavor, at the 5% significance level. RESULTS In the microbiologic analysis, the ZOEO mouthwash presented antimicrobial effectiveness for Streptococcus mutans as well as the CLX mouthwash, but it did not show the same substantivity. The ZOEO was efficient in controlling dental biofilm and reducing gingival bleeding. The sensory analyses showed that the flavor for ZOEO and CLX solutions presented low acceptability. CONCLUSIONS The ZOEO mouthwash has an anti-inflammatory property with an effect on reducing gingival bleeding. However, it requires adjustments to the formulation to improve flavor quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Aparecida de Aro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School, Fundação Hermínio Ometto, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Division of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pluridisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research, University of Campinas, Paulinia, São Paulo, Brazil
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In Vitro Comparison of Fluoride, Magnesium, and Calcium Phosphate Materials on Prevention of White Spot Lesions around Orthodontic Brackets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1989817. [PMID: 32337230 PMCID: PMC7152941 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1989817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One common negative side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) around brackets. This study is aimed at comparing the efficacy of various oral hygiene practices in preventing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets under similar in vitro conditions. The study included 90 extracted bovine incisors, which were randomized into six groups: fluoride toothpaste (FT), nonfluoride toothpaste (NFT), fluoride varnish plus fluoride toothpaste (FV+FT), CPP-ACP varnish plus fluoride toothpaste (CPP-ACP+FT), medical minerals gel plus nonfluoride toothpaste (MMG+NFT), and no intervention (control). All groups were subjected to demineralization and remineralization cycles. Visual appraisals were used to evaluate the changes in the enamel surface appearance at the beginning and end of the experiment. The changes in the demineralization degree were evaluated by measuring the Ca+2 concentration in the demineralization solution at different time points. The majority of teeth in the CPP-ACP+FT group exhibited no shift in appearance, whereas in the other groups, a slight change in enamel translucency was observed. At all the time points, the Ca+2 concentration in the demineralization solution in the CPP-ACP+FT group was the least among all other groups. At day 5, MMG+NFT's preventive efficacy was significantly higher than FV+FT's, but at days 10, 15, and 19, their efficacy was similar. However, at all the time points, MMG+NFT's efficacy was significantly higher than that of control, whereas FV+FT's efficacy was decreased at days 10, 15, and 19 and was close to the efficacy of control. To fight WSLs, early diagnosis was of great importance and examination of the tooth surface after air-drying for 5 s was recommended.
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10
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Costa Lima KC, Benini Paschoal MA, de Araújo Gurgel J, Salvatore Freitas KM, Maio Pinzan-Vercelino CR. Comparative analysis of microorganism adhesion on coated, partially coated, and uncoated orthodontic archwires: A prospective clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 156:611-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Longoni JN, Lopes BMV, Freires IA, Dutra KL, Franco A, Paranhos LR. Self-ligating versus conventional metallic brackets on Streptococcus mutans retention: A systematic review. Eur J Dent 2019; 11:537-547. [PMID: 29279684 PMCID: PMC5727743 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_132_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to review the literature systematically and assess comparatively whether self-ligating metallic brackets accumulate less Streptococcus mutans biofilm than conventional metallic brackets. Material and methods: The systematic search was performed following PRISMA guidelines and registration in PROSPERO. Seven electronic databases (Google Scholar, LILACS, Open Grey, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Scopus) were consulted until April 2016, with no restriction of language and time of publication. Only randomized clinical studies verifying S. mutans colonization in metallic brackets (self-ligating and conventional) were included. All steps were performed independently by two operators. Results: The search resulted in 546 records obtained from the electronic databases. Additionally, 216 references obtained from the manual search of eligible articles were assessed. Finally, a total of 5 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. In 1 study, the total bacterial count was not different among self-ligating and conventional brackets, whereas in 2 studies the amount was lower for self-ligating brackets. Regarding the specific count of S. mutans, 2 studies showed less accumulation in self-ligating than in conventional brackets. Conclusion: Based on the limited evidence, self-ligating metallic brackets accumulate less S. mutans than conventional ones. However, these findings must be interpreted in conjunction with particularities individual for each patient – such as hygiene and dietary habits, which are components of the multifactorial environment that enables S. Mutans to proliferate and keep retained in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano N Longoni
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Sacred Heart (USC - Universidade do Sagrado Coração), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M V Lopes
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Sacred Heart (USC - Universidade do Sagrado Coração), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Irlan A Freires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Kamile L Dutra
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ademir Franco
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Paranhos
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Lagarto, Brazil
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Cury SEN, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Pinzan A, Sakoda KL, Bellini-Pereira SA, Janson G. Orthodontic brackets friction changes after clinical use: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e482-e490. [PMID: 31275523 PMCID: PMC6599694 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the bracket-wire friction force after clinical use. Material and Methods A systematic search of several electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Google Scholar) without limitations regarding publication year or language, was performed. In-vitro studies analyzing the changes in friction force of orthodontic brackets before/after their clinical use were considered. Risk of Bias was assessed with Downs and Black checklist. All methodological features that could interfere in the results were specifically described. Results Seven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All 7 studies reported at least two groups (before and after clinical use). Friction force increased after intraoral aging in most of the studies. However, there is lack of good quality evidence in this research area. Conclusions Brackets present increased surface roughness after clinical use, and consequently increased coefficient of friction (COF) and Friction Force. Further studies are necessary to obtain more reliable results. Key words:Friction, orthodontic brackets, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio-Elias-Neves Cury
- M.Sc., Ph.D. Graduate Student. Department of Orthodontics. Bauru Dental School. University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo
- M.Sc., Ph.D. Graduate Student. Department of Orthodontics. Bauru Dental School. University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Pinzan
- Associate Professor. Department of Orthodontics. Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine-Laskos Sakoda
- M.Sc., Ph.D. Graduate Student. Department of Orthodontics. Bauru Dental School. University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Janson
- Professor and Head. Department of Orthodontics. Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Ustaoglu G, Korkmaz YN, Halicioglu K, Uysal Ö. Comparison of effects of bracket types and treatment duration on periodontal health of adult patients. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.25259/apos-8-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fixed orthodontic treatments with steel-ligated conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets (SLBs) on periodontal clinical parameters.
Materials and Methods
Seventy-seven patients (24 male and 53 female) aged between 18 and 30 years were enrolled in the study. Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) index were obtained from all the bonded teeth.
Results
When the effect of bracket type and duration of treatment on gingival tissues was examined, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment times (P = 0.670) and bracket types (P = 0.596) in terms of PI. The GI was significantly different between the different treatment durations (P = 0.045); it was higher in patients with a treatment duration of 18–36 months. However, the GI did not change according to the bracket types (P = 0.270). This result was not significantly different between different treatment durations (P = 0.270). There was no significant difference between the treatment periods (P = 0.189) in terms of BOP index, and this result did not change according to the bracket types (P = 0.621).
Conclusion
SLBs do not require ligatures, which may facilitate plaque accumulation. However, our results showed that SLBs were not advantageous over CBs in terms of periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Ustaoglu
- Department of Periodontology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey
| | | | | | - Özge Uysal
- Department of Periodontology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey
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Velliyagounder K, Ardeshna A, Koo J, Rhee M, Fine DH. The Microflora Diversity and Profiles in Dental Plaque Biofilms on Brackets and Tooth Surfaces of Orthodontic Patients. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0301574219851160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Fixed orthodontic appliances may influence the oral environment through accumulation of plaque, decreased plaque pH, and increased gingival inflammation. These changes in the oral cavity can potentially lead to periodontal disease, demineralization, and other infectious diseases. Materials and Methods: To investigate the changes in biofilm throughout the initial 2 weeks, we placed a stainless steel bracket on the upper second premolar and collected plaque samples on the bracket and on the tooth surface at different time points (0, 24, 48 h and 1 and 2 weeks) and plated on tryptic soy agar blood agar plate, and kept at 37°C in an anaerobic chamber for 5 days to determine the CFUs of bacteria. At the end of 2 weeks, we removed the bracket and elastomeric module, and we isolated genomic DNA from the bacterial biofilm for identification of bacteria by 16S rRNA PCR analysis. We also analyzed the morphology of biofilm on the bracket by scanning electron microscope. Results: Our results show that the bacterial biofilm was significantly increased on the bracket in all the subjects, whereas on the tooth surface, the CFUs were not significantly increased. PCR assay showed that biofilm on orthodontic brackets from all subjects showed colonization by Streptococcus gordonii, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans were observed on some of the subjects after 48 h, whereas Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm was observed in all the time points except 24 h. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both periodontal and cariogenic bacterial biofilms were formed on the bracket as early as 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Ardeshna
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Julia Koo
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mathew Rhee
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel H. Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Bergamo AZN, Matsumoto MAN, Nascimento CD, Andrucioli MCD, Romano FL, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P. Microbial species associated with dental caries found in saliva and in situ after use of self-ligating and conventional brackets. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180426. [PMID: 30994775 PMCID: PMC6459231 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Enamel demineralization is among the main topics of interest in the orthodontic field. Self-ligating brackets have been regarded as advantageous in this aspect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the break homeostasis in the oral environment and the levels of microorganisms associated with dental caries among the different types of brackets. Material and Methods Twenty patients received two self-ligating brackets: In-Ovation®R, SmartClipTM, and one conventional GeminiTM. Saliva was collected before bonding (S0), 30 (S1) and 60 (S2) days after bonding. One sample of each bracket was removed at 30 and 60 days for the in situ analysis. Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization was employed to evaluate the levels of microbial species as-sociated with dental caries. Data were evaluated by nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon tests at 5% significance level. Results The salivary levels of L. casei (p=0.033), S. sobrinus (p=0.011), and S. sanguinis (p=0.004) increased in S1. The in situ analyses showed alteration in S. mutans (p=0.047), whose highest levels were observed to the In-Ovation®R. Conclusions The orthodontic appliances break the salivary homeostasis of microorganisms involved in dental caries. The contamination pattern was different between self-ligating and conventional brackets. The In-Ovation®R presented worse performance considering the levels of cariogenic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clinica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clinica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcela Cristina Damião Andrucioli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clinica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clinica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clinica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clinica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clinica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Jing D, Hao J, Shen Y, Tang G, Lei L, Zhao Z. Effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral microbiota and salivary proteins. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4237-4243. [PMID: 30988796 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present prospective comparative cohort study was to analyze changes in Streptococcus (S.) mutans and Lactobacillus in the saliva of patients with fixed orthodontics. Salivary parameters, including secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were investigated during orthodontic treatment, as well as immune response and inflammatory processes. A total of 15 patients were included and treated with fixed appliances. Whole saliva was obtained at four time-points: Prior to bonding (T1), 3 months after bonding (T2), 6 months after bonding (T3) and 18 months after bonding (T4). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate changes in total bacteria, S. mutans and Lactobacillus DNA in saliva. ELISA was applied to measure sIgA, MPO and LDH levels. The level of total bacteria remained stable during the 18-month treatment period, and the quantity of Lactobacillus exhibited a slight but non-significant increase. S. mutans remained stable over the first 6 months and significantly increased at T4 (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in S. mutans levels between two types of braces. A higher level of S. mutans was found in patients with conventional braces, as compared to those with self-ligating braces (P<0.05) who exhibited an unchanged level of S. mutans during this period. The amount of sIgA, MPO and LDH remained constant during the orthodontic treatment period. No correlation was detected between sIgA and bacterial quantity. In conclusion, S. mutans in patients with conventional braces increased significantly in the late period of treatment, which indicated that white spot lesions may occur after long-term orthodontic treatment. As the type of braces may be considered a latent influencing factor, self-ligating braces should be preferred. However, the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on Lactobacillus and sIgA, MPO and LDH in the oral microenvironment was insignificant (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry no. ChiCTR-RCH-13003295).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ge Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Nanostructured Polymeric Materials with Protein-Repellent and Anti-Caries Properties for Dental Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060393. [PMID: 29865184 PMCID: PMC6027387 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is prevalent worldwide. Tooth cavity restorations cost more than $46 billion annually in the United States alone. The current generation of esthetic polymeric restorations have unsatisfactory failure rates. Replacing the failed restorations accounts for 50–70% of all the restorations. This article reviewed developments in producing a new generation of bioactive and therapeutic restorations. This includes: Protein-repellent and anti-caries polymeric dental composites, especially the use of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM); protein-repellent adhesives to greatly reduce biofilm acids; bioactive cements to inhibit tooth lesions; combining protein-repellency with antibacterial nanoparticles of silver; tooth surface coatings containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles for remineralization; therapeutic restorations to suppress periodontal pathogens; and long-term durability of bioactive and therapeutic dental polymers. MPC was chosen due to its strong ability to repel proteins. DMAHDM was selected because it had the most potent antibacterial activity when compared to a series of antibacterial monomers. The new generation of materials possessed potent antibacterial functions against cariogenic and periodontal pathogens, and reduced biofilm colony-forming units by up to 4 logs, provided calcium phosphate ions for remineralization and strengthening of tooth structures, and raised biofilm pH from a cariogenic pH 4.5 to a safe pH 6.5. The new materials achieved a long-term durability that was significantly beyond current commercial control materials. This new generation of bioactive and nanostructured polymers is promising for wide applications to provide therapeutic healing effects and greater longevity for dental restorations.
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18
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Sugii MM, Ferreira FADS, Müller KC, Lima DANL, Groppo FC, Imasato H, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Aguiar FHB. Physical, chemical and antimicrobial evaluation of a composite material containing quaternary ammonium salt for braces cementation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 73:340-346. [PMID: 28183617 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Aragón MLSC, Lima LS, Normando D. Air-powder polishing on self-ligating brackets after clinical use: effects on debris levels. Dental Press J Orthod 2016; 21:90-94. [PMID: 27901234 PMCID: PMC5125176 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.090-094.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Debris buildup on brackets and arch surfaces is one of the main factors that can influence the intensity of friction between bracket and orthodontic wire. Objective: This study sought to evaluate the effect of air-powder polishing cleaning on debris levels of self-ligating ceramic brackets at the end of orthodontic treatment, compared to the behavior of conventional brackets. Methods: Debris levels were evaluated in metal conventional orthodontic brackets (n = 42) and ceramic self-ligating brackets (n = 42) on canines and premolars, arranged in pairs. There were brackets with and without air-powder polishing. At the end of orthodontic treatment, a hemiarch served as control and the contralateral hemiarch underwent prophylaxis with air-powder polishing. Debris buildup in bracket slots was assessed through images, and Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the results. Results: The median debris levels were statistically lower in the conventional metal brackets compared to self-ligating ones (p = 0.02), regarding brackets not submitted to air-powder polishing. Polishing significantly reduced debris buildup to zero in both systems, without differences between groups. Conclusions: Ceramic self-ligating brackets have a higher debris buildup in comparison to conventional metal brackets in vivo, but prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet was effective in reducing debris levels in self-ligating and also in conventional brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Normando
- Adjunct professor, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), School of Dentistry, Belém, Pará, Brazil. Coordinator, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Belém, PA, Brazil
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20
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Cardoso MDA, Saraiva PP, Maltagliati LÁ, Rhoden FK, Costa CCA, Normando D, Capelozza Filho L. Alterations in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation promoted by treatment with self-ligating and conventional orthodontic brackets. Dental Press J Orthod 2016; 20:35-41. [PMID: 25992985 PMCID: PMC4445223 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.20.2.035-041.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate, comparatively, the periodontal response during orthodontic treatment performed with self-ligating and conventional brackets. METHODS Sixteen Caucasian individuals of both sexes, aged between 12 and 16 years old and in permanent dentition were selected. Eight individuals were treated with conventional brackets installed on the lower dental arch and self-ligating brackets on the upper arch. Another eight individuals received self-ligating brackets in the lower arch and conventional brackets in the upper arch. The subjects received material and instructions for oral hygiene. Visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated just after installation of orthodontic appliances, and 30, 60 and 180 days later. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare differences between groups (self-ligating and conventional), two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used to assess CAL at each site of each tooth. Significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS No significant changes were found with regard to the assessed parameters (VPI, GBI and CAL) in either one of the systems. CONCLUSION No significant changes were found with regard to the periodontal response to orthodontic treatment for the variables assessed and between subjects receiving passive self-ligating and conventional brackets. All individuals had received oral hygiene instructions and had their periodontal conditions monitored.
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21
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Zhang N, Melo MAS, Antonucci JM, Lin NJ, Lin-Gibson S, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel Dental Cement to Combat Biofilms and Reduce Acids for Orthodontic Applications to Avoid Enamel Demineralization. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9060413. [PMID: 28773534 PMCID: PMC5456814 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic treatments often lead to biofilm buildup and white spot lesions due to enamel demineralization. The objectives of this study were to develop a novel bioactive orthodontic cement to prevent white spot lesions, and to determine the effects of cement compositions on biofilm growth and acid production. 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), nanoparticles of silver (NAg), and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) were incorporated into a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI). Enamel shear bond strength (SBS) was determined. Protein adsorption was determined using a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was used to investigate metabolic activity, colony-forming units (CFU) and lactic acid production. Incorporating 3% of MPC, 1.5% of DMAHDM, and 0.1% of NAg into RMGI, and immersing in distilled water at 37 °C for 30 days, did not decrease the SBS, compared to control (p > 0.1). RMGI with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM + 0.1% NAg had protein amount that was 1/10 that of control. RMGI with triple agents (MPC + DMAHDM + NAg) had much stronger antibacterial property than using a single agent or double agents (p < 0.05). Biofilm CFU on RMGI with triple agents was reduced by more than 3 orders of magnitude, compared to commercial control. Biofilm metabolic activity and acid production were also greatly reduced. In conclusion, adding MPC + DMAHDM + NAg in RMGI substantially inhibited biofilm viability and acid production, without compromising the orthodontic bracket bond strength to enamel. The novel bioactive cement is promising for orthodontic applications to hinder biofilms and plaque buildup and enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Joseph M Antonucci
- Biomaterials Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Nancy J Lin
- Biomaterials Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Sheng Lin-Gibson
- Biomaterials Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Pithon MM, Santos MDJ, de Souza CA, Leão Filho JCB, Braz AKS, de Araujo RE, Tanaka OM, Oliveira DD. Effectiveness of fluoride sealant in the prevention of carious lesions around orthodontic brackets: an OCT evaluation. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 20:37-42. [PMID: 26691968 PMCID: PMC4686743 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.20.6.037-042.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This article aimed to evaluate in vitro the efficiency of Pro
Seal fluoride sealant application in the prevention of white spot lesions around
orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of bovine incisors, and five groups
were formed (n = 15) according to the exposure of teeth to oral hygiene substances
and the application of enamel sealant: G1 (control), only brushing was performed
with 1.450 ppm fluoride; G2 (control) brushing associated with the use of
mouthwash with 225 ppm fluoride; G3, only Pro Seal sealant application was
performed with 1.000 ppm fluoride; G4 Pro Seal associated with brushing; G5 Pro
Seal associated with brushing and mouthwash. Experimental groups alternated
between pH cycling and the procedures described. All specimens were kept at a
temperature of 37 °C throughout the entire experiment. Both brushing and immersion
in solutions were performed within a time interval of one minute, followed by
washing in deionized water three times a day for 28 days. Afterwards, an
evaluation by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of the spectral type was
performed. In each group, a scanning exam of the white spot lesion area (around
the sites where brackets were bonded) and depth measurement of carious lesions
were performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine whether
there were significant differences among groups. For post hoc analysis, Tukey test
was used. Results: There was statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.003),
1 and 3 (p = 0.008), 1 and 4 (p = 0.000) and 1 and 5 (p = 0.000). The group in
which only brushing was performed (Group 1) showed deeper enamel lesion. Conclusion: Pro Seal sealant alone or combined with brushing and/or brushing and the use of a
mouthwash with fluoride was more effective in protecting enamel, in comparison to
brushing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Melo Pithon
- Department of Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Jesus Santos
- Department of Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Camilla Andrade de Souza
- Department of Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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Pithon MM, Ruellas ACDO, Normando D, Flores-Mir C, Oliveira DD. An interview with Matheus Melo Pithon. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 20:18-28. [PMID: 26154452 PMCID: PMC4520134 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.20.3.018-028.int] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Zhang N, Zhang K, Melo MAS, Chen C, Fouad AF, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel protein-repellent and biofilm-repellent orthodontic cement containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:949-59. [PMID: 25970092 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop the first protein-repellent resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) by incorporating 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) for orthodontic applications, and to investigate the MPC effects on protein adsorption, biofilm growth, and enamel bond strength. MPC was incorporated into RMGI at 0% (control), 1.5%, 3%, and 5% by mass. Specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 1 and 30 days. Enamel shear bond strength (SBS) was measured, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed. Protein adsorption onto the specimens was determined by a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva as inoculum was used. The results showed that adding 3% of MPC into RMGI did not significantly reduce the SBS (p > 0.1). There was no significant loss in SBS for RMGI containing 3% MPC after water-aging for 30 days, as compared to 1 day (p > 0.1). RMGI with 3% MPC had protein adsorption that was 1/10 that of control. RMGI with 3% MPC greatly reduced the bacterial adhesion, and lactic acid production and colony-forming units of biofilms, while substantially increasing the medium solution pH containing biofilms. The protein-repellent and biofilm-repellent effects were not decreased after water-aging for 30 days. In conclusion, the MPC-containing RMGI is promising to reduce biofilms and white spot lesions without compromising orthodontic bracket-enamel bond strength. The novel protein-repellent method may have applicability to other orthodontic cements, dental composites, adhesives, sealants, and cements to repel proteins and biofilms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 949-959, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Chen Chen
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, 21250
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Araújo RC, Bichara LM, de Araujo AM, Normando D. Debris and friction of self-ligating and conventional orthodontic brackets after clinical use. Angle Orthod 2014; 85:673-7. [DOI: 10.2319/012914-80.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective:
To compare the degree of debris and friction of conventional and self-ligating orthodontic brackets before and after clinical use.
Materials and Methods:
Two sets of three conventional and self-ligating brackets were bonded from the first molar to the first premolar in eight individuals, for a total of 16 sets per type of brackets. A passive segment of 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire was inserted into each group of brackets. Frictional force and debris level were evaluated as received and after 8 weeks of intraoral exposure. Two-way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied at P < .05.
Results:
After the intraoral exposure, there was a significant increase of debris accumulation in both systems of brackets (P < .05). However, the self-ligating brackets showed a higher amount of debris compared with the conventional brackets. The frictional force in conventional brackets was significantly higher when compared with self-ligating brackets before clinical use (P < .001). Clinical exposure for 8 weeks provided a significant increase of friction (P < .001) on both systems. In the self-ligating system, the mean of friction increase was 0.21 N (191%), while 0.52 N (47.2%) was observed for the conventional system.
Conclusion:
Self-ligating and conventional brackets, when exposed to the intraoral environment, showed a significant increase in frictional force during the sliding mechanics. Debris accumulation was higher for the self-ligating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Costa Araújo
- Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Brazilian Association of Dentistry, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lívia Monteiro Bichara
- Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Monteiro de Araujo
- Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - David Normando
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Pithon MM, dos Santos MJ, Andrade CSS, Leão Filho JCB, Braz AKS, de Araujo RE, Tanaka OM, Fidalgo TKS, dos Santos AM, Maia LC. Effectiveness of varnish with CPP–ACP in prevention of caries lesions around orthodontic brackets: an OCT evaluation. Eur J Orthod 2014; 37:177-82. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cju031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Sealants and demineralization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 144:786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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