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Almarhoumi AA. Socio-economic and gender dynamics influence on the parental decision-making process for children's orthodontic care - A study in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:5. [PMID: 38516110 PMCID: PMC10953714 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_184_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the socio-economic and personal factors that impact parental decisions regarding orthodontic treatment for their children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A digital self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from 414 parents, focusing on their motivations and barriers that influence their decision-making process regarding orthodontic treatment. RESULTS Income level was the most significant factor in orthodontic decisions. Parents with higher incomes were twice as likely to choose orthodontic treatment for esthetic reasons compared to parents with middle incomes. The main incentive for seeking treatment was getting advice from dental professionals, with 60% of participants rating it as the most important factor. 34.5% of respondents identified cost as the main barrier, with middle-income parents being 151% more inclined to perceive it as a significant barrier compared to high-income parents. Gender dynamics revealed that mothers exhibited 48.9% greater concern regarding treatment costs compared to fathers, whereas fathers placed 2.105 times more importance on the orthodontist's reputation than mothers. CONCLUSION Income levels, along with other socio-economic factors and gender dynamics, have a significant influence on parental decisions regarding orthodontic care. Personalized consultations that address these variations are crucial for improving communication between patients and practitioners and increasing the accessibility of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim A. Almarhoumi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Hospital at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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A Novel Coating of Orthodontic Archwires with Chlorhexidine Hexametaphosphate Nanoparticles. Int J Biomater 2023; 2023:9981603. [PMID: 36968948 PMCID: PMC10033215 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9981603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Statement of the Problem. The use of orthodontic fixed appliances may adversely affect oral health leading to demineralizing lesions and the development of gingival problems. Aims of the Study. The study aimed to coat orthodontic archwires with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles (CHX-HMP NPs) and to evaluate the elusion of CHX from CHX-HMP NPs. Materials and Methods. A solution of CHX-HMP nanoparticles with an overall concentration of 5 mM for both CHX and HMP was prepared, characterized (using atomic force microscope and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy), and used to coat orthodontic stainless steel (SSW) and NiTi archwires (NiTiW). The coated segments were characterized (using scanning electron microscopy SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and field emission SEM) and subjected to the elusion assessment. Results. After having their composition validated, the average size of the CHX-HMP NPs was assessed to be 51.21 nm, and the analysis revealed that the particles had both chlorine and phosphorus. After 30 minutes in the coating solution, NPs deposited on the surface of the SSW and NiTiW. A continuous release of soluble CHX in artificial saliva was detected from both SSW and NiTiW as long as the experiment lasted for 28 days without reaching a plateau. However, the release from coated NiTiW was significantly more than coated SSW at 7, 14, and 28 days. While at day 21, the release from coated SSW was slightly greater than that from the coated NiTiW. Conclusion. Orthodontic stainless steel and NiTi archwires can be successfully coated with CHX-HMP NPs and give sustained release of CHX along the examined period.
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Helal N, Felemban O, Alharabi N, A. Alamoudi R, Alturki G. Factors influencing the desire for orthodontic treatment among patients and parents in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:25. [PMID: 35754422 PMCID: PMC9214448 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_181_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: MATERIALS AND METHODS: RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:
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Simon L, Choi SE, Ticku S, Fox K, Barrow J, Palmer N. Association of income inequality with orthodontic treatment use. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:190-196. [PMID: 32130948 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Income inequality has been associated with worse oral health outcomes and reduced dental care use. It is unknown whether income inequality may motivate people to seek orthodontic treatment. METHODS This was a logistic mixed-effects model of deidentified claims from a private insurer in the United States with enrolled members having at least 1 orthodontic visit in the calendar year as the dependent variable. Total number of dental visits, age, and sex were individual-level covariates. Median household income, Gini coefficient, female population proportion, number of practicing dentists and orthodontists, population size, and population density were zip code-level covariates. RESULTS A total of 1,860,709 people had at least 1 orthodontic claim. Adjusting for population demographics, the Gini index was significantly positively associated with orthodontic use for children but not for adults (odds ratio, 1.69 for children; P < .0001). Being female was the strongest predictor of orthodontic use for adults and was a significant predictor of use for children (odds ratio, 1.50 and 1.45, respectively; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The Gini index is associated with orthodontic use in children in a privately insured population. Individual characteristics are more predictive of orthodontic use among privately insured adults. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Demographic and economic traits of communities can affect oral health care use; effects on orthodontic use may be more dramatic than on other forms of oral health care.
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Perspectives of general dental practitioners on preventive, patient-centred, and evidence-based oral healthcare-A Q-methodology study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219931. [PMID: 31430291 PMCID: PMC6701752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the last 30 years, innovations in oral healthcare (OHC), such as advanced restorative techniques, shifts towards preventive and evidence-based care and changes in patients’ expectations, have increased the complexity of clinical decision-making in OHC. Little is known about the perspectives of general dental practitioners (GDPs) on the value of providing preventive, patient-centred and evidence-based OHC. This study aimed to explore the range of perspectives present amongst GDPs on OHC. Method Q-methodology was used to explore perspectives among 78 GDPs working in the Netherlands. Participants were asked to sort 50 statements representing three central domains in OHC: i.) restorative versus preventative OHC, ii.) disease-centred versus patient-centred OHC and iii.) expertise-based versus evidence-based OHC. Opinion statements about delivering OHC were formulated on the basis of published literature and input from OHC professionals. By-person factor analysis was used to reveal clusters of communality in statement rankings, which were interpreted and formed perspectives on OHC. Results Four perspectives, explaining 47% of variance, on OHC were identified amongst GDPs: ‘the patient-focused dentist who values prevention’, ‘the outcome-oriented dentist who values learning from colleagues’, ‘the team player with ultimate care responsibility’ and ‘the dentist who considers oral health the responsibility of the patient.’ Conclusion Q-methodology can be effectively used to describe the different perspectives that GDPs have on the challenges of preventive, patient-centred and evidence-based OHC. GDPs should not be seen as a homogenous group; rather they have different views and approaches to the care they provide. This has implications for health systems; awareness of the heterogeneity of practitioners’ perspectives can potentially be used to develop bespoke quality of care improvement strategies that constructively engage with each of these different groups.
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Chambers DW, Zitterkopf JG. How people make decisions about whether or not to seek orthodontic care: Upstream in the treatment chain. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:826-831. [PMID: 31153503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION "Upstream" decisions by patients are important in determining whether they seek orthodontic care for their children and for themselves and whether they seek care from general dentists or from orthodontists. Classic marketing theory suggests that purchase decisions naturally progress through a sequence beginning with awareness and proceeding to information, emotional preferences, and final purchase commitment. METHODS A survey was used to assess patient demographics and care history, motives for seeking care for themselves and their children, perceived barriers to care, trust in various sources of information, and preference for treatment by a general dentist or by an orthodontist. Three hundred fifty-two responses were received from patients in all states in the United Sates attending their general dentists. RESULTS Care for children was most often initiated in response to a suggestion from the family dentist, and traditional treatment with braces was expected. Adults were slightly more likely to make a decision for care themselves and for appearance reasons, often with "invisible" braces. Cost was the principal barrier to seeking care for either functional or appearance reasons. More personal and individualized sources of information, such as the family dentist or referral to a specialist were strongly more influential, with indirect sources, such as dentist Web pages or advertisements, being least influential. There was a preference for care by orthodontists compared with general dentists for functional reasons and when complications were anticipated. Orthodontists were seen as being better at identifying complications, managing complications, and delivering reliable results. Orthodontic care provided by general dentists was favored for convenience and based on established relationships. Patients with more education, higher incomes, and more preventive oral habits preferred treatment by orthodontists. Although it was expected that orthodontists would charge more, income and cost were not factors among those considering treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that orthodontists should focus on educating potential patients about the functional health features of treatment for malocclusions, especially for children. Furthermore, orthodontists would benefit from working with general dentists, given their role as gatekeepers in the sequential process of reaching an upstream decision about seeking orthodontic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Chambers
- Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, Calif.
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Shah R, AlQuraini N, Cunningham SJ. Parents’ perceptions of outcomes of orthodontic treatment in adolescent patients: a qualitative study. Eur J Orthod 2019; 41:301-307. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Shah
- Department of Orthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nahla AlQuraini
- Department of Orthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susan J Cunningham
- Department of Orthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Tang X, Tong Q, Li Z, Chen Z, Weng M, Zhang X, Huang S, Chen Y, Chen Z. Difference and Commonness Among CLP, NON-CLP Patients and Their Parents Seeking for Orthodontic Treatment: A Questionnaire Applying Q Methodology to Investigate Motives. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:2047-2060. [PMID: 31827321 PMCID: PMC6902877 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s224254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Based on Q methodology, this study investigated the motivation of orthodontic treatment for patients and their parents. Through investigation, this paper attempts to explore the motivational factors of CLP and NON-CLP children and their parents, which are different or general. PATIENTS AND METHODS Q methodology involves 4 phases. (1) Interviews of CLP (N=5), NON-CLP (N=5) patients generated 30 statements (Q-set 1) and CLP (N=5), NON-CLP (N=5) patients' parents produced 36 statements (Q-set 2) about different reasons to pursue orthodontic care. (2) P-set: recruitment participants. The sample comprised 40 CLP patients (G1) and 40 NON-CLP patients (G2) aged 9-16 years, 40 CLP patients' parents (G3) and 40 NON-CLP patients' parents (G4) wanting their children to have orthodontic treatment. (3) Q-sort: 4 groups ranked statements in order of comparative significance using enforced distribution grids (G1, G2 ranked Q-set 1; G3, G4 ranked Q-set 2). (4) Analysis: using the PQMehtod 2.35 vision to analyze data. RESULTS Three factors in each group were identified as representing the most widespread views of the majority of the participants, described as G1: (1) aesthetics, (2) preparation for other oral treatments, (3) timely. G2: (1) admiration of others, aesthetics, (2) oral function, (3) oral hygiene and improvement of smile. G3: (1) worrying about the future of children, parents' responsibilities, children's feelings; (2) mental health, timely; (3) parents' responsibilities, ready for treatment. G4: (1) aesthetics, children's will; (2) future problems, timely; (3) timely, parents' responsibility and no need to worry about physical problems. CONCLUSION CLP and NON-CLP patients and parents have different orthodontic treatment motives, yet, they still shared 3 global motivation themes, respectively. Consideration of these motives may help clinicians develop their treatment discussions with patients and parents, which could consequently improve their cooperation and may achieve a more satisfactory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Xu Hui Dental Clinic, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Jing-an Dental Clinic, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Xu Hui Dental Clinic, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Weng
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijing Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenqi Chen; Yang Chen Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai200001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-021-23271699-5056 Email ;
| | - Zhenqi Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenqi Chen; Yang Chen Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai200001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-021-23271699-5056 Email ;
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Shimizu Y, Arx JDV, Ustrell JM, Ono T. Comparison of cephalometric variables between adult Spanish and Japanese women with Class I malocclusion. J Orthod Sci 2018; 7:19. [PMID: 30271764 PMCID: PMC6144760 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_66_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To our knowledge, no study has compared the facial and dental morphology of adult Latin and Japanese populations. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the facial and dental morphology between adult Spanish and Japanese women with Class I malocclusion using lateral cephalograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The lateral cephalograms of 33 adult Spanish and 33 adult Japanese women were traced and digitized by a single investigator. All patients satisfied the following criteria: female sex; age 18-35 years; skeletal Class I malocclusion (ANB angle, 2°-5°; angle Class I malocclusion; arch length discrepancy, -10 to + 10 mm; overjet, 1-5 mm; overbite, 1-5 mm); absence of congenital anomalies, significant facial asymmetry, or congenitally missing teeth, with the exception of the third molars; significant temporomandibular joint problems; severe crowding; and no history of orthodontic treatment. RESULTS Eleven and six angular measurements for the skeletal and dental hard tissues, respectively, were computed in accordance with previous studies. The results showed that Japanese women had significant maxillary and mandibular protrusion, clockwise mandibular rotation, greater labial tipping of incisors, and a smaller interincisal angle compared with Spanish women. CONCLUSION At the time of orthodontic treatment planning, it is important to consider the facial and dental morphological characteristics of individual ethnic groups to achieve satisfactory outcomes and retention. The findings of this study provide valuable information that will aid in orthodontic treatment planning for adult Spanish and Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - José Durán Von Arx
- Orthodontics Master, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Ustrell
- Orthodontics Master, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Almeida ABD, Leite ICG, Silva GAD. Evidence in Orthodontics related to qualitative research. Dental Press J Orthod 2018; 23:64-71. [PMID: 30304155 PMCID: PMC6150700 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.4.064-071.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Research in Orthodontics has historically followed the positivist model based on the direct relationship of cause and effect between diseases and their specific etiological factors. Despite the objectivity and the great potential of statistical procedures, quantitative methods have progressively been sharing space with other models that can encompass the multiplicity of factors that affect the health-disease process, which until such time was reduced to its biological dimension. Objectives: This study aims, through an integrative review, to identify orthodontics articles published over a 10-year period that have used, exclusively or not, some method of qualitative research, and analyze the main aspects of their content. Methods: A survey was performed on Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, and Lilacs databases from 2007 to 2016 with a focus on the applicability of the qualitative methodology in orthodontic research. Results: The 27 articles selected showed a trend to increase in publications, with the most recent four years concentrating almost 60% of them. Most studies were from Europe, particularly the UK, and the more frequent study objectives were related to the perception of people about the reasons for orthodontic treatment, about the aesthetic and psychosocial impact of malocclusion or orthodontic treatment, and the implications of these factors for their quality of life. Conclusions: Because of its potential to explore behaviours and socio-cultural attitudes sustained in subjectivity, qualitative research offers new possibilities for orthodontic studies and can be used in an exclusive or complementary way in relation to quantitative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Barbosa de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, ênfase em Saúde Brasileira (Juiz de Fora/MG, Brazil)
| | | | - Girlene Alves da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva (Juiz de Fora/MG, Brazil)
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Eijsink AM, Schipper G, Vermaire JH. A Q-methodology study among caregivers of people with moderate intellectual disabilities on their clients’ health care: An example in oral health. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2018; 31:915-926. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Eijsink
- Special Care Dentistry; Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep; Alkmaar The Netherlands
| | - G. Schipper
- Special Care Dentistry; SBT; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. H. Vermaire
- Special Care Dentistry; Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep; Alkmaar The Netherlands
- TNO-Child Health; Leiden The Netherlands
- Centrum voor Tandheelkunde & Mondzorgkunde; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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Lin F, He Y, Ni Z, Olive R, Ren M, Yao L, Ye Q. Individualized intervention to reduce anxiety in adult orthodontic patients based on Q methodology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 152:161-170. [PMID: 28760278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we used Q methodology to assess the concerns of adults seeking orthodontic treatment and to determine individualized interventions to reduce their anxiety. METHODS Statements of concern were derived by in-depth interviews with 70 adult patients. Q sorting methodology was then used to identify the main factors associated with anxiety in a cohort of 40 adults who had not been involved in the first part of the study. The final stage involved a randomized study in which 160 new adult patients were recruited and randomized into intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group sorted the statements, after which individualized interventions were implemented. Participants in the control group received routine treatment. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure changes in participants' anxiety levels before and during treatment. RESULTS In total, 41 statements were identified, and participants were classified according to 5 factors. Factor 1 participants were concerned about the lack of treatment information; factor 2 represented concerns about cost and other people's opinions; factor 3 represented concerns about impact on work related to wearing braces; factor 4 encompassed concerns about treatment effects, pain, and dental fears; and factor 5 reflected concerns about side effects and finding a partner. The mean state anxiety inventory scores for both the intervention and control groups were highest 24 hours after bonding (intervention group, 44.63 ± 4.49; control group, 49.43 ± 5.42). The intragroup state anxiety inventory scores differed significantly across the 6 time points (P <0.01), with the state anxiety inventory scores of the intervention group significantly lower than those of the control group (P <0.01) at all time points except baseline. No significant intergroup or intragroup differences were found in relation to trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Adult orthodontic patients expressed diverse concerns. Individualized interventions based on Q methodology may reduce anxiety in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiou Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Oral Health Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhenyu Ni
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Richard Olive
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Oral Health Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manman Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linjie Yao
- Department of Pedodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Qingsong Ye
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Discipline of Orthodontics, Oral Health Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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