The effect of dental and background facial attractiveness on facial attractiveness and perceived integrity and social and intellectual qualities

White spot lesion-related perception of aesthetics and treatment satisfaction among orthodontic patients, orthodontists and other dental specialists

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the impact of various degrees of white spot lesions (WSLs) of maxillary anterior teeth on the aesthetic perception and treatment satisfaction among orthodontic patients, orthodontists and other dental specialists and to evaluate the differences among the three groups.

METHODS

A total of 45 orthodontic patients (OP), 45 orthodontists (OR) and 45 other dental specialists (OS) were recruited. Subjective evaluations of perceived aesthetics and treatment satisfaction were performed towards eight digitally generated photographs of maxillary anterior teeth with incremental degrees of WSLs using a numerical visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 100. Data were collected and analysed with descriptive statistics, repeated one-way analysis of variance and multivariable generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS

A total of 135 valid questionnaires were collected. Regarding aesthetic scores for WSLs, OP gave more positive scores than OR and OS (p < .05) towards excessive white spot formation without colouration and were more tolerant than OR (p < .05) towards excessive white spot formation with slight colouration. The level of treatment satisfaction for slight to severe WSLs without cavitation was higher in OP than OR. Patients with higher education levels had more negative scores for aesthetic perception and treatment satisfaction (p < .05). Patients who brushed teeth more frequently scored lower in treatment satisfaction (p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Orthodontists were the most critical when evaluating aesthetics and treatment satisfaction for slight to severe WSLs without cavitation. For orthodontic patients, better oral hygiene habits and higher education levels were associated with more critical attitudes towards WSLs.

Assessment of the golden proportion in natural facial esthetics: A systematic review

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Faces considered attractive tend to possess a general harmony; however, scientific studies on the quantitative basis of human facial attractiveness are still sparse. The golden proportion has been the most documented ratio, but the actual existence of codified facial ratios in facially attractive individuals remains unclear.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the deviation from the golden proportion in the measurements of different natural vertical facial ratios.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A comprehensive search of the electronic databases that included PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Scopus Secondary documents, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted using the terms "golden proportion", "golden proportions", "golden ratio", "golden ratios", "golden number", "golden section", "divine proportion", "divine proportions", "divine ratio", "divine ratios", and "Fibonacci" in combination with 1 or more of the ensuing terms: "facial proportion", "facial proportions", "facial measurement", and "facial measurements". Deviation of the facial proportions from the golden proportions was further analyzed by using a 1-sample t test (α=.05).

RESULTS

The 1-sample test showed no significant difference among the means of each variable (P>.05), suggesting that the golden proportion is found in natural facial esthetics.

CONCLUSIONS

No significant association was found between the golden ratio and facial evaluation scores among all ethnicities. The measurements and proportions for facial balance in the study population showed that the participant's facial height proportions did not follow the golden proportion.

Effect of smile on facial attractiveness before and after orthodontic treatment in females with more attractive and less attractive facial background

INTRODUCTION

One of the goals of orthodontic treatment is to improve facial esthetics. This study aimed to determine the effect of smile on facial attractiveness before and after orthodontic treatment in females with "more attractive" and "less attractive" facial backgrounds. In addition, changes in facial attractiveness after orthodontic treatment were examined.

METHODS

Frontal rest and smile photographs of 60 female patients (mean age, 26.32 years) before and after orthodontic treatment were included in 4 separate online questionnaires. The link for each questionnaire was sent to 40 layperson raters (20 females, 20 males). They were asked to give a score from 0 to 100 on the basis of the visual analog scale for the attractiveness of each image. Then the data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

The mean score of the pretreatment smile was significantly smaller than the frontal rest view, and the difference was significantly greater in the "more attractive" group (P = 0.012). After treatment, the smiling view was significantly more attractive than the frontal rest view, and the difference was significantly greater in the "less attractive" group (P = 0.014). In addition, the attractiveness of both smiling and rest views increased significantly after orthodontic treatment, and these changes were significantly greater in the "more attractive" group (P <0.001 and P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS

An unesthetic pretreatment smile negatively impacted facial attractiveness, and orthodontic treatment significantly improved facial attractiveness. These negative and positive effects were greater in more attractive facial backgrounds.

[Aesthetic preferences of individuals when evaluating photographs of facial profiles with different sagittal and vertical growth patterns. A cross-sectional study]

Objective

To evaluate the aesthetic preferences of individuals by observing photographs of different facial profiles with different sagittal and vertical growth patterns.

Materials and Methods

Cross-sectional study that evaluated 300 students from a private university. Edited photographs of a man and a woman were used. The maxilla being moved in a vertical direction while the mandible was moved in a sagittal direction, various combinations of the photographic profile of the two individuals were created. These movements created 9 photographic profiles for the woman and the man; for intra-observer reliability, two photo profiles of both sexes were duplicated. Chi square tests and binary logistic regression were used. P<0.05.

Results

In general, the evaluated individuals mostly preferred the type 6 profile (65.7%), followed by the type 5 profile (21.7%) (slightly convex). It was found that for every year of age that an individual increases, there is a 31% greater chance of choosing one of these profiles.

Conclusions

Both sexes prefer a straight or slightly convex profile, and as age increases, individuals prefer a straight profile.

The relationship between different levels of facial attractiveness and malocclusion perception: an eye tracking and survey study

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of facial attractiveness and the perception of different types of malocclusion.

METHODS

A preliminary questionnaire was used to assign photographs of three female patients to low, moderate, and high facial attractiveness designations. Seven modified photographs for each smile photograph of each of these three patients were created. The evaluated photographs were as follows: P0: at rest position, P1: ideal smile, P2: - 2-mm (low) smile line, P3: + 4-mm gummy smile, P4: + 6-mm gummy smile, P5: maxillary anterior crowding, P6: median diastema, P7: polydiastema. An eye tracking device and a questionnaire were used to collect data from orthodontists, dentists, orthodontic patients, and laypeople.

RESULTS

Total fixation duration varied depending on the type of malocclusion, the level of facial attraction, and the participants' occupations. In general, orthodontists and dentists had higher total fixation duration scores than orthodontic patients and laypersons. The maxillary anterior crowding photograph had the lowest visual analysis scale score at each attractiveness level (low, medium, and high). Visual analysis scale scores became similar at each attractiveness level only in the P4 photographs, and thus the difference in facial attractiveness disappeared.

CONCLUSION

While a worsening of the ideal smile had a smaller impact on aesthetic perceptions in an individual with low facial attractiveness, it had a significant negative impact on a person with high facial attractiveness. Anterior crowding and diastema had a more negative impact on facial attractiveness than low or high smile lines.

The associations of dental aesthetics, oral health-related quality of life and satisfaction with aesthetics in an adult population

AIM

The aim of this study was to investigate the gender-specific associations between dental aesthetics, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and satisfaction with dental aesthetics in an adult population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study population consisted of 1780 individuals (822 males and 958 females) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966). Dental aesthetics were evaluated from digital 3D dental models using the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Layperson and orthodontist panels evaluated the dental aesthetics of a smaller sample (n = 100). OHRQoL was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Satisfaction with dental aesthetics was asked with one separate question. Gender-specific analyses consisted of Mann-Whitney U-tests and Spearman's correlation coefficients.

RESULTS

More than half of the population had an aesthetically acceptable occlusion, and most of the individuals were satisfied with the aesthetics. The most severe aesthetic impairments were associated with the psychological dimensions of OHIP-14. There were significant but weak associations of AC and satisfaction with aesthetics, and satisfaction with aesthetics and OHRQoL. Significant gender differences were found, men having higher mean AC scores but women reporting lower OHRQoL.

CONCLUSION

At the population level, most of the individuals were satisfied with their aesthetics, despite different dental aesthetic conditions. The most severe aesthetic impairments were associated with decreased psychological well-being, women reporting more impacts compared to men.

Saudi Children's and Their Parents' Perception of a Digitally Modified Photograph Model of Different Smiles with Different Anterior Teeth Alignments and Dental Appearances

AIM

Since there is a lack of data on dentofacial esthetic perception in Saudi Arabia, the present research was conducted to study children's and their parent's perceptions of smiles with different dental alignments and dental appearances. In addition, we aimed to determine whether facial attractiveness or dental esthetic dominates the overall esthetic perception. Finally, we aimed to investigate the influence of gender on the judgment of a dental smile.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Six digitally altered photographs and two dynamic videos of smiling faces of boys and girls with different dental alignments and appearances were shown to 183 children and their parents in malls in Saudi Arabia's Qassim Province. Following the parent's acceptance of the interview, the child was interviewed first, followed by the parent. Their responses were measured using a smile perception questionnaire (SPQ) for children aged 8-10 years. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated that whole-face smiles of both boys and girls with different poor dentofacial esthetics had a significantly lower rating score than lower third-face smiles scores among children and their parents (p ≤ 0.05). Except for a few views, there were no significant differences between children's and their parents' dentofacial esthetic judgments. Moreover, the answers to the smile perception questionnaire 8-10 for the smiling face dynamic videos of boys and girls were not significantly different.

CONCLUSION

Children agreed with their parents in judging the smiles of different dentofacial esthetic perceptions. Overall, esthetics was more influenced by facial esthetics than dental esthetics. Background attractiveness and sexual characteristics do not affect smile perception.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The smile is considered one of the major determinants of how the overall esthetic of children will appear. Thus, the comprehensive diagnosis involving the analysis of malocclusion and poor dental appearance psychological effect can be used for patient care improvement. Consequently, dental treatment to improve the dental smile will enhance the children's quality of life and social interaction.

Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors: Practical recommendations

Peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors cause many functional and esthetic major consequences in affected patients. Their esthetic and functional rehabilitations are often multidisciplinary, involving different clinical procedures like periodontal, orthodontic, or prosthodontic procedures. No exhaustive protocol has been established to improve their comprehensive management by general dentists or specialists. The aim of this article is to elaborate a simplified clinical protocol of complete management of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors by a multidisciplinary team (general practitioners, orthodontists, and prosthodontists). A clinical case of two peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors completely rehabilitated with multidisciplinary approaches including orthodontic treatment and restoration by veneers and direct composite resin, according to the established protocol. Extraoral, intraoral, and smile clinical analysis are crucial to ensure optimal rehabilitation. Treatment results previsualization via wax-up and/or mock-up play a key role in the communication between practitioner and patient to help the latter make decision. These options also facilitate the achievement of a multidisciplinary approach by accurately estimating the number of dental movements and the type of restorations that are most suitable to the presenting clinical situation.