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Peterson BW, Tjakkes GH, Renkema AM, Manton DJ, Ren Y. The oral microbiota and periodontal health in orthodontic patients. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 39031969 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The oral microbiota develops within the first 2 years of childhood and becomes distinct from the parents by 4 years-of-age. The oral microbiota plays an important role in the overall health/symbiosis of the individual. Deviations from the state of symbiosis leads to dysbiosis and an increased risk of pathogenicity. Deviations can occur not only from daily life activities but also from orthodontic interventions. Orthodontic appliances are formed from a variety of biomaterials. Once inserted, they serve as a breeding ground for microbial attachment, not only from new surface areas and crevices but also from material physicochemical interactions different than in the symbiotic state. Individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment show, compared with untreated people, qualitative and quantitative differences in activity within the oral microbiota, induced by increased retention of supra- and subgingival microbial plaque throughout the treatment period. These changes are at the root of the main undesirable effects, such as gingivitis, white spot lesions (WSL), and more severe caries lesions. Notably, the oral microbiota profile in the first weeks of orthodontic intervention might be a valuable indicator to predict and identify higher-risk individuals with respect to periodontal health and caries risk within an otherwise healthy population. Antimicrobial coatings have been used to dissuade microbes from adhering to the biomaterial; however, they disrupt the host microbiota, and several bacterial strains have become resistant. Smart biomaterials that can reduce the antimicrobial load preventing microbial adhesion to orthodontic appliances have shown promising results, but their complexity has kept many solutions from reaching the clinic. 3D printing technology provides opportunities for complex chemical syntheses to be performed uniformly, reducing the cost of producing smart biomaterials giving hope that they may reach the clinic in the near future. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of the oral microbiota during orthodontic therapy and to use innovative technologies to better maintain its healthy balance during surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Peterson
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten-Has Tjakkes
- Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Renkema
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Manton
- Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yijin Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yang H, Ma Y, Gao H, Xie X, Wang H, Li X, Bai Y. Supragingival microbiome variations and the influence of Candida albicans in adolescent orthodontic patients with gingivitis. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2366056. [PMID: 38882240 PMCID: PMC11177713 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2366056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gingivitis is a prevalent complication in adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatments. However, changes in the supragingival microbiome associated with gingivitis and the impact of Candida albicans remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated supragingival microbiome discrepancy and C. albicans colonization in adolescent orthodontic patients with gingivitis. Methods Dental plaques were collected from 30 gingivitis patients and 24 healthy adolescents, all undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. The supragingival microbiome composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. C. albicans colonization was determined using fungal culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Our analysis revealed significantly heightened microbial diversity in the Gingivitis group. Notably, patients with gingivitis exhibited an enrichment of periodontal pathogens, such as Saccharibacteria (TM7) [G-1], Selenomonas, Actinomyces dentalis, and Selenomonas sputigena. Additionally, 33% of the gingivitis patients tested positive for C. albicans, exhibiting significantly elevated levels of absolute abundance, while all healthy patients tested negative. Significant differences in microbial composition were also noted between C. albicans-positive and -negative samples in the Gingivitis group. Conclusion Significant disparities were observed in the supragingival microbiome of adolescent orthodontic patients with and without gingivitis. The presence of C. albicans in the supragingival plaque may alter the microbiome composition and potentially contribute to gingivitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhao N, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Cui S, Tian Y, Zhou Y, Wang X. Analysis of oral microbiome on temporary anchorage devices under different periodontal conditions. Prog Orthod 2023; 24:42. [PMID: 37899378 PMCID: PMC10613604 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are maximum anchorages that have been widely used in orthodontic treatment. The aim of the study was to uncover whether a history of periodontitis would influence microbiome colonization on the TAD surface. RESULTS Patients were grouped by periodontal evaluations before the orthodontic treatment. Patients with healthy periodontal conditions were classified as the healthy group, and patients diagnosed with periodontitis stage II or even worse were classified as the periodontitis group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the existence of biofilm on the surface of 4 TADs from the healthy group and 4 TADs from the periodontitis group. Fifteen TADs from the healthy group and 12 TADs from the periodontitis group were collected. The microorganisms on the surface of TADs were harvested and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. α-diversity indices and β-diversity indices were calculated. Wilcoxon's test was used to determine differences between genera, species as well as KEGG functions. SEM analysis revealed bacteria colonization on the surface of TADs from both groups. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on β diversity revealed differential sample clusters depending on periodontal conditions (P < 0.01). When comparing specific genera, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Saccharibacteria_(TM7)_[G-1], Dialister, Parvimonas, Fretibacterium, Treponema were more enriched in TADs in the periodontitis group. In the KEGG analysis, TADs in the periodontitis group demonstrated enriched microbial activities involved with translation, genetic information processing, metabolism, and cell motility. CONCLUSIONS This analysis elucidated the difference in total composition and function of TADs oral microorganisms between patients periodontally healthy and with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningrui Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengjie Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yajing Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22# Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhou S, Bao Z, Ma S, Ou C, Hu H, Yang Y, Feng X, Pan Y, Gong S, Fan F, Chen P, Chu Q. A local dark tea - Liubao tea - extract exhibits remarkable performance in oral tissue regeneration, inflammation relief and oral microbiota reconstruction. Food Funct 2023; 14:7400-7412. [PMID: 37475617 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02277c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of oral health problems is ubiquitous in contemporary society, with particular emphasis placed on the central role of oral flora in mitigating this issue. Both ancient literature and modern research have highlighted the promising application of tea with substantial bioactive properties, particularly dark tea, in preserving and promoting oral health. Liubao tea, a widely consumed dark tea with increasing popularity in recent years, has been reported to possess abundant bioactive constituents, exhibit remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, modulate the flora structure and so on. It may be a promising candidate for addressing oral health problems. In this study, Liubao tea was meticulously extracted, purified and identified, followed by an investigation of its potential to modulate oral microecology by virtue of an acetic acid-induced oral disorder murine model. The results revealed that Liubao tea extract (LTE) application commendably reconstructed the oral mucosal barrier, promoted tissue regeneration and mitigated micro-inflammation. Furthermore, LTE treatment could also ameliorate the oral flora composition by decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria and increasing the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria at the phylum level, as well as inhibiting pernicious bacteria such as Streptococcus and Delftia acidovorans. So, it could promote the generation of a beneficial microenvironment and regulate the immune process. Overall, LTE demonstrated remarkable potential in regulating the balance of oral microecology, suggesting that it may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for oral health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhelu Bao
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Shicheng Ma
- Wuzhou Liubao Tea Research Association, Wuzhou, 543000, P. R. China
| | - Cansong Ou
- Wuzhou Tea Industry Development Service Center, Wuzhou, 543000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yani Pan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Shuying Gong
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Fangyuan Fan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
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Yang H, Ma Y, Xie X, Wang H, Li X, Fang D, Bai Y. Candida albicans enriched in orthodontic derived white spot lesions and shaped focal supragingival bacteriome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1084850. [PMID: 36760510 PMCID: PMC9902512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1084850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) are common enamel infectious diseases in fixed orthodontic treatment, which might attribute to the dysbiosis of oral microbiome. However, the correlation of Candida albicans with oral bacteriome in WSLs still remains unrevealed. This study investigated the carriage of C. albicans and how it shaped the bacterial community in disease or healthy supragingival plaque, to explore the potential role of interkingdom interaction in orthodontic WSLs. In this study, 31 patients with WSLs (WSLs) and 23 healthy patients (Health) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were enrolled. The supragingival microbiota in both groups were determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Colonization and abundance of C. albicans in the plaque were determined via culture-dependent and -independent methods. Among WSLs patients, the correlation of C. albicans and bacteriome was analyzed under QIIME2-based bioinformatics and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The raw reads were deposited into the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database (Accession Number: SRP404186). Significant differences in microbial diversity as well as composition were observed between WSLs and Health groups. Leptotrichia remarkably enriched in the WSLs group, while Neisseria and Cardiobacterium significantly enriched in the Health group. In addition, 45% of WSLs patients were C. albicans carriers but none in patients without WSLs. Among all WSLs patients, beta diversity and microbial composition were distinguished between C. albicans carriers and non-carriers. In C. albicans carriers, Corynebacterium matruchotii and Streptococcus mutans significantly enriched whereas Saccharibacteria_TM7_G-1 significantly depleted. The abundance of C. albicans was positively associated with bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, while the negative correlation was detected between C. albicans and several bacteria such as Cardiobacterium hominis and Streptococcus sanguinis. Our study elucidated the distinguished supragingival plaque microbiome between orthodontic patients with and without WSLs. C. albicans frequently existed and enriched in orthodontic derived WSLs. The carriage of C. albicans shape plaque bacterial community in demineralized lesions and might play roles in WSLs pathogenesis.
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Xie Q, Li D. WITHDRAWN: Minocycline hydrochloride combined with invisible and fixed orthodontic treatment improves periodontal health in periodontitis patients by reducing microRNA-146a levels. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022:S2468-7855(22)00341-X. [PMID: 36343902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 xinquan road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 xinquan road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
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The salivary microbiome shows a high prevalence of core bacterial members yet variability across human populations. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:85. [PMID: 36266278 PMCID: PMC9584946 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva contains diverse bacterial communities, reflecting health status, dietary patterns and contributing to variability in the sensory perception of food. Many descriptions of the diversity of the salivary microbiome have focused on the changes induced by certain diseased states, but the commonalities and differences within healthy saliva have not been fully described. Here, we define and explore the core membership of the human salivary microbial community by collecting and re-analysing raw 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data from 47 studies with 2206 saliva samples. We found 68 core bacterial taxa that were consistently detected. Differences induced by various host intrinsic and behaviour factors, including gender, age, geographic location, tobacco usage and alcohol consumption were evident. The core of the salivary microbiome was verified by collecting and analysing saliva in an independent study. These results suggest that the methods used can effectively define a core microbial community in human saliva. The core salivary microbiome demonstrated both stability and variability among populations. Geographic location was identified as the host factor that is most associated with the structure of salivary microbiota. The independent analysis confirmed the prevalence of the 68 core OTUs we defined from the global data and provides information about how bacterial taxa in saliva varies across human populations.
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Roberts WE, Mangum JE, Schneider PM. Pathophysiology of Demineralization, Part II: Enamel White Spots, Cavitated Caries, and Bone Infection. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:106-119. [PMID: 35156182 PMCID: PMC8930953 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Compare noninfectious (part I) to infectious (part II) demineralization of bones and teeth. Evaluate similarities and differences in the expression of hard tissue degradation for the two most common chronic demineralization diseases: osteoporosis and dental caries. RECENT FINDINGS The physiology of demineralization is similar for the sterile skeleton compared to the septic dentition. Superimposing the pathologic variable of infection reveals a unique pathophysiology for dental caries. Mineralized tissues are compromised by microdamage, demineralization, and infection. Osseous tissues remodel (turnover) to maintain structural integrity, but the heavily loaded dentition does not turnover so it is ultimately at risk of collapse. A carious tooth is a potential vector for periapical infection that may be life-threatening. Insipient caries is initiated as a subsurface decalcification in enamel that is not detectable until a depth of ~400μm when it becomes visible as a white spot. Reliable detection and remineralization of invisible caries would advance cost-effective wellness worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Eugene Roberts
- American Board of Orthodontics, Indiana University & Purdue University at Indianapolis, 8260 Skipjack Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46236 USA
| | - Jonathan E. Mangum
- Translational Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Corner Grattan Street and Royal Parade, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Paul M. Schneider
- American Board of Orthodontics, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Taxonomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during Orthodontic Treatment. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8275181. [PMID: 34745264 PMCID: PMC8568516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8275181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontic appliances induce significant changes in the oral microbiome, but this shift in microbial composition has not been well established by the available evidence yet. Objectives To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to assess the taxonomic microbial changes in orthodontic patients during Fixed Appliance Treatment (FAT) and Clear Aligner Treatment (CAT), using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Search Methods and Selection Criteria. The search for articles was carried out in PubMed, including articles published in English until May 2021. They included every human study report potentially relevant to the review. Data Collection and Analysis. After duplicate study selection and data extraction procedures according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was assessed by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies (SBU) method. Results The initial search identified 393 articles, 74 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, six articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. The evidence quality for all the studies was moderate. Conclusions Orthodontic treatment seems to transiently affect the composition of subgingival microbiome, although not salivary, maintaining a stable microbial diversity. Different results were found in the shift of microbiome between plaque and saliva, depending on the type of orthodontic treatment. This review should be interpreted with some caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the included studies.
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