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Dos Santos PR, Ambrosano GB, Ambrosano GB, de Castro Meneghim M, Vedovello SAS. A longitudinal study of the probability of developing malocclusion in children using a Bayesian analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024:S0889-5406(24)00202-6. [PMID: 38935005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the probability of developing malocclusions in mixed dentition. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted with 598 children (aged 5 years) in deciduous dentition. The children were followed for 3 years until mixed dentition (aged 8 years). Overjet, overbite, and transversal relations were evaluated. Bayesian models were used to analyze the data and estimate the parameters. RESULTS The parameter θ was used for the distributions, indicating the probability of presenting a given condition with a credibility index (ICr) of 95%. After 3 years of follow-up, 121 children were reevaluated. The results showed that children have a high probability of malocclusion in mixed dentition. There was a higher probability of developing an increased overjet in the mixed dentition of 20.5% (ICr 95%, 13.6-28.4) to 48.3% (ICr 95%, 39.1-57.7) and a higher probability of having a normal overbite in the deciduous dentition and a lower probability in the mixed dentition (ICr 95%, 9.2-21.3). CONCLUSIONS Considering the probabilistic model of Bayesian analysis, children with normal overjet in the deciduous dentition may show an increased overjet in the mixed dentition. Concerning overbite, children may present an anterior open bite during the transition between deciduous and mixed dentition, as well as self-correction of deep overbite in mixed dentition. Furthermore, they may present a posterior crossbite during the mixed dentition when there is a normal transverse relationship in the deciduous dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rafaela Dos Santos
- Children's Health Sciences and Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bovi Ambrosano
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Bovi Ambrosano
- Children's Health Sciences and Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Castro Meneghim
- Children's Health Sciences and Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia A S Vedovello
- Children's Health Sciences and Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Siangloy T, Charoemratrote C. Incisor and Soft Tissue Characteristics of Adult Bimaxillary Protrusion Patients among Different Skeletal Anteroposterior Classifications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1031. [PMID: 38786330 PMCID: PMC11119585 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the upper incisors (U1), lower incisors (L1), and soft tissue profiles of bimaxillary protrusion (BM) adult patients among skeletal Class I (BM1), II (BM2) and III (BM3). Understanding these characteristics would be useful for incisor and lip diagnostics in different skeletal classifications. Fourteen linear and twelve angular variables of the incisors and lips were evaluated in 214 lateral cephalograms (BM1 = 91, BM2 = 84, BM3 = 39). ANOVA and Bonferroni tests compared the measurements. BM1 and BM3 exhibited a greater U1 position and U1 inclination than the norms, while BM2 presented only a greater U1 position than the norms but normal U1 inclination. BM1 and BM3 had a significantly greater U1 position than BM2. BM1 and BM2 demonstrated a greater L1 position and L1 inclination than the norms, whereas BM3 displayed only a greater L1 position than the norms but normal L1 inclination. BM2 had the most anterior L1 position, whereas BM3 had the least anterior position. Only BM2 had a longer anterior dental height (ADH) than the norms, while BM1 and BM3 had a normal ADH and the significantly shortest ADH, respectively. Only BM1 had a normal upper incisor display at rest (U1R), while BM2 and BM3 displayed an increased and decreased U1R, respectively, with significant differences among the three groups. The most significantly protruded upper and lower lips were presented in BM2, but these were exhibited the least in BM3. The most significant acute nasolabial angle (NLA) was found in BM3, whereas BM2 presented the least acute NLA. A normal lip-chin-throat angle (LCTA) was observed in BM1 and BM3, while only BM2 had a greater LCTA than the norms. The most significant obtuse LCTA was found in BM2, while BM3 had the least obtuse LCTA. Therefore, both U1 and L1 in all groups presented protrusion and proclination, except for U1 in BM2, while L1 in BM3 exhibited normal inclination. The ADH and U1R were increased in BM2 but decreased in BM3. The most acute NLA was found in BM3, whereas the least acute was found in BM2. The most obtuse LCTA was in BM2, while the least was in BM3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chairat Charoemratrote
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
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Cai J, Min Z, Deng Y, Jing D, Zhao Z. Assessing the impact of occlusal plane rotation on facial aesthetics in orthodontic treatment: a machine learning approach. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:30. [PMID: 38184528 PMCID: PMC10771708 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate occlusal plane (OP) rotation through orthodontic therapy enables satisfying profile improvements for patients who are disturbed by their maxillomandibular imbalance but reluctant to surgery. The study aims to quantify profile improvements that OP rotation could produce in orthodontic treatment and whether the efficacy differs among skeletal types via machine learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cephalometric radiographs of 903 patients were marked and analyzed by trained orthodontists with assistance of Uceph, a commercial software which use artificial intelligence to perform the cephalometrics analysis. Back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models were then trained based on collected samples to fit the relationship among maxillomandibular structural indicators, SN-OP and P-A Face Height ratio (FHR), Facial Angle (FA). After corroborating the precision and reliability of the models by T-test and Bland-Altman analysis, simulation strategy and matrix computation were combined to predict the consequent changes of FHR, FA to OP rotation. Linear regression and statistical approaches were then applied for coefficient calculation and differences comparison. RESULTS The regression scores calculating the similarity between predicted and true values reached 0.916 and 0.908 in FHR, FA models respectively, and almost all pairs were in 95% CI of Bland-Altman analysis, confirming the effectiveness of our models. Matrix simulation was used to ascertain the efficacy of OP control in aesthetic improvements. Intriguingly, though FHR change rate appeared to be constant across groups, in FA models, hypodivergent group displayed more sensitive changes to SN-OP than normodivergent, hypodivergent group, and Class III group significantly showed larger changes than Class I and II. CONCLUSIONS Rotation of OP could yield differently to facial aesthetic improvements as more efficient in hypodivergent groups vertically and Class III groups sagittally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ziyang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yudi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Dian Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Kılıç B, İbrahim AH, Aksoy S, Sakman MC, Demircan GS, Önal-Süzek T. A family-centered orthodontic screening approach using a machine learning-based mobile application. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:186-195. [PMID: 38303845 PMCID: PMC10829551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Skeletal orthodontic deformities can have functional and aesthetic consequences, making early detection critical. This study aimed to address the issue of parents bringing their children for routine orthodontic checkups after the ideal treatment age has passed. To address this, we developed a mobile application that uses machine-learning to make a preliminary diagnosis of skeletal malocclusion using just one photograph. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 524 pre-pubertal children, aged between 5 and 12 years, to evaluate the accuracy of the machine learning based mobile application. The application detects multiple points in photographs taken from the mobile camera and generates a signal indicating the diagnosis of skeletal malocclusion. Results The final accuracy of the Class III vs not Class III model deployed to the mobile application was above 81%, indicating its ability to accurately identify skeletal malocclusion. On a separate validation dataset of 145 patients diagnosed by 5 different clinicians, the accuracy of Class II vs Class I model was 69%; And pg 4, ln 61: as Class II vs Class I with 69% accuracy. Conclusion The application provides parents with important information about the orthodontic problem, age of treatment, and various treatment options. This enables parents to seek further advice from an orthodontist at an earlier stage and make informed decisions. However, the diagnosis should still be confirmed by an orthodontist. This approach has the potential to improve access to orthodontic care, especially in underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Kılıç
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mehmet Cihan Sakman
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chu CS, Marizan Nor M, Mohamed AM, Mohd Hadi Pritam H. Hard and soft tissue shape variation and changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion during orthodontic treatment: a geometric morphometric analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:931. [PMID: 38012634 PMCID: PMC10680264 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine the hard and soft tissue shape variation and its changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment using Geometric Morphometric Analysis. METHODS This retrospective study included 141 pre-treatment and near-end treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of Class II division 1 malocclusion patients aged 16-40 years with a skeletal II pattern (ANB > 4o). 32 landmarks in Cartesian coordinates were created and identified using MorphoJ software to establish a shape analysis. RESULTS The vertical dimensions (hypodivergent to hyperdivergent facial profiles) showed the largest variation in the general shape of hard and soft tissue, followed by the anteroposterior dimensions (mild to severe skeletal II patterns). Variations of lip shape (long to short), lip protuberance (everted to inverted), and nasolabial angle (obtuse to acute) were present. Orthodontic treatment affected the shape of the hard and soft tissue significantly (p < 0.0001). T2 showed significant uprighting of upper incisors (17.5o) and lower incisors (3.7o), improved NLA (8o), an increase in upper lip thickness (1.5 mm), and a reduction in lower lip thickness (0.7 mm) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Vertical and anteroposterior shape variations were found. Orthodontic treatment had an impact on both hard and soft tissue shapes. Hence, understanding both the hard and soft tissue shape variations and the orthodontic treatment changes is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan to achieve a successful outcome and excellent patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Sin Chu
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Murshida Marizan Nor
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Alizae Marny Mohamed
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
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Wang G, Saif BS, Cheng B, Li H, Li Y, Liu J, Ren X, Zou R, Wang F. Effect of breathing patterns on mandibular cortical bone quality in children and establishment of a preliminary screening model. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:808. [PMID: 37891617 PMCID: PMC10612292 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study analyzed breathing patterns and age subgroups effect on cortical bone quality of the mandible in growing subjects, aiming to explore the application value of facial skeletal pattern combined with cortical bone density detection in early screening diagnosis of mouth breathing. METHODS One hundred twenty-six participants were divided into four groups: mouth breathing group (7-9, 10-12 years old) and nasal breathing group (7-9, 10-12 years old). The mandibular anterior, middle, and posterior cortical bone mineral density (CBMD), cortical bone width (MCW), ANB, and FMA values were measured. Independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the measured values. Binary logistic regression was employed to analyze the correlation between measured variables and the children's breathing patterns. ROC analysis was used to determine the ability of the cortical bone density measurements in early screening diagnosis of MB. RESULTS Mouth breathing had a negative impact on CBMD and MCW of the pre-mandibular (Pog) in subjects aged 7-9 years and also impacted the development of (Pog) and submandibular (Me) sites in subjects aged 10-12 years. Older children in the nasal breathing group have higher CBMD, MCW, and SNB values and lower FMA values. Single-factor and multiple-factor logistic binary regression analysis showed that FMA, MSPogCBMD, MSPogMCW, and ANB are correlated factors for children at risk of mouth breathing. CONCLUSION Mouth breathing pattern is closely associated with decreased mandibular CBMD and MCW values in children aged 7-12, where the anterior (Pog) and inferior (Me) sites of anterior mandible are more significantly affected. Furthermore, in combination with facial skeletal pattern, it provides a basis for the early warning diagnosis of mouth breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Badr Sultan Saif
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- The Fourth Outpatient Department, Xi'An Jiaotong University Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Japatti S, Kumar J, Merchant AF, Dhalwale GD, Taneja P, Mathew RA. Association of Facial Wrinkles With Different Facial Forms in the Population of Maharashtra: A Prospective Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e47692. [PMID: 38021651 PMCID: PMC10674074 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wrinkles commonly manifest in various areas of the face as individuals age. This study aimed to assess the association between facial wrinkles and different facial forms. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational, prospective study was conducted on the facial photographs of 400 subjects aged 40-60 years, which were divided into four groups of 100 subjects each: Group 1, square facial form; Group 2, ovoid facial form; Group 3, square tapered facial form; and Group 4, tapered facial form. All groups had almost equal distributions of males and females. Six types of facial wrinkles were studied, namely, forehead, glabellar, canthal, nasolabial, wrinkles at the corner of the mouth, and perioral wrinkles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for intergroup comparison, and an independent Student's t-test was used to assess gender differences in facial wrinkles. RESULTS Significant gender differences were observed for forehead wrinkles in Groups 1 and 3, canthal wrinkles in Groups 1 and 2, and right perioral wrinkles in Group 1 (p<0.05). There were non-significant gender differences between right and left-side facial wrinkles (p>0.05). Significant differences between the groups were observed for all facial wrinkles between the right and left sides of the face (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups for the presence of glabellar, corner of the mouth, and perioral wrinkles, with the presence of higher wrinkles in ovoid and tapered facial forms compared to square and square tapered facial forms (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Females had more facial wrinkles than males, predominantly in the forehead region. The least prominent wrinkles were observed in the perioral region of the face. Glabellar, corner of the mouth, and perioral wrinkles were predominantly observed in ovoid and tapered facial forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanbasappa Japatti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jawahar Medical Foundation's (JMF's) Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Medical (ACPM) Dental College, Dhule, IND
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Arif F Merchant
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jawahar Medical Foundation's (JMF's) Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Medical (ACPM) Dental College, Dhule, IND
| | - Georgina D Dhalwale
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jawahar Medical Foundation's (JMF's) Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Medical (ACPM) Dental College, Dhule, IND
| | - Priyanka Taneja
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jawahar Medical Foundation's (JMF's) Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Medical (ACPM) Dental College, Dhule, IND
| | - Rinnu A Mathew
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Jawahar Medical Foundation's (JMF's) Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Medical (ACPM) Dental College, Dhule, IND
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Yoon YJ, Kang JY, Kim KH, Cha JY, Ahn HJ, Choi YJ. Correlation of masticatory muscle activity and occlusal function with craniofacial morphology: a prospective cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5367-5376. [PMID: 37468596 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Masticatory function, including masticatory muscle activity and occlusal function, can be affected by craniofacial morphology. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between craniofacial morphology and masticatory function in participants who had completed orthodontic treatment at least two years before and had stable occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourty-two healthy participants were prospectively enrolled and divided into three vertical cephalometric groups according to the mandibular plane angle. Masticatory muscle activity (MMA) in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles was assessed using surface electromyography. The occlusal contact area (OCA) and occlusal force (OF), defined as occlusal function in this study, were evaluated using occlusal pressure mapping system. Masticatory muscle efficiency (MME) was calculated by dividing MMA by OF. The craniofacial morphology was analyzed using a lateral cephalogram. The masticatory function was compared using one-way analysis of variance. Pearson correlations were used to assess relationships between craniofacial morphology and masticatory function. RESULTS The hypodivergent group had the lowest MMAand the highest MME in the masseter (167.32 ± 74.92 µV and 0.14 ± 0.06 µV/N, respectively) and anterior temporalis muscles (0.18 ± 0.08 µV/N, p < 0.05). MMA in the masseter showed a positive relationship with mandibular plane angle (r = 0.358), whereas OCA (r = -0.422) and OF (r = -0.383) demonstrated a negative relationship (p < 0.05). The anterior temporalis muscle activity negatively correlated with ramus height (r = -0.364, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vertical craniofacial morphology was related to masticatory function. Hypodivergent individuals may have low MMA and high occlusal function, resulting in good masticatory muscle efficiency. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hypodivergent individuals require careful consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and prosthetic treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Yoon
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Ahn
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Mahmood TMA. Occlusal Plane Steepness and Profile Change Following TAD-Based One-Step Retraction on Four-Unit Extraction Cases: A Retrospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2395. [PMID: 37510139 PMCID: PMC10378252 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the introduction of high-tech appliances, anchorage devices, and improved patient awareness of the risks associated with maxillofacial surgery, treating complex situations with orthodontic treatment has become more difficult in recent years. This study was conducted to demonstrate that orienting the occlusal plane, all the dental, skeletal, and soft tissue parameters, would be improved and to find which of these parameters could be correlated with the steepness of the occlusal plane. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study including 40 cephalometric interpretations for patients who were planned for four-unit extractions (20 cephalometric radiographies before treatment and 20 after finishing the treatment). All were treated in the same orthodontic clinic with the same protocol using the McLaughlin-Bennett-Trevisi (MBT) prescription, with 22 slots and one-step retraction following four-unit extraction based on temporary anchorage devices (TADs). RESULTS There was no significant change in the canting of the occlusal plane, and it remained relatively stable from 6.31° to 7.55°, while all the soft tissue-related cephalometric measurements were reduced significantly, except the nasolabial angle, as the relation of the upper and lower lip to the esthetic line of Ricketts' (E-Line) was reduced by 2.91 and 2.46°, respectively; furthermore, the angle of convexity was reduced from 10.92° to 9.79°. Besides, the upper incisor display was reduced by 0.38° Conclusions: Both the Frankfort mandibular angle and upper-incisor-to-Frankfort horizontal plane were significant parametric factors associated with profile change after extraction treatment having a positive 0.01-level Pearson association with occlusal plane steepness. Therefore, using the MBT prescription with TAD-based retraction is one of the favorable methods for the management of complex cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trefa Mohammed Ali Mahmood
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq
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Goyal D, Kumar P, Jain S. Digital evaluation and correlation of facial growth patterns assessed on lateral CEPH and orthopantomogram through ONECEPH mobile application. J Orthod Sci 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 37351393 PMCID: PMC10282550 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_71_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the correlation of gonial angle and three linear measurements on OPG and lateral cephalograms and their effects on the different facial patterns using the OneCeph android app. METHOD About 90 pre-treatment digital lateral cephalograms and OPGs of 90 patients were selected and divided into 3 categories, based on their growth patterns. The OPGs and lateral cephalograms were uploaded on the OneCeph android app. After calibrating using One linear measurement i.e. length of extracted premolar for OPG and ruler in radiograph for lateral cephalogram, Gonial angle (Ar- Go-Me), ANS-Me (LAFH), U1-NF, L1-MP were measured. The data were collected, tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software (version 20.0). The level of significance was kept at 5%. RESULTS Values for parameters were highest in the vertical growth pattern followed by average and horizontal in both cephalogram and OPG. Upon comparison of lateral cephalogram and OPG, no significant difference was observed in gonial angle and a significant difference in LAFH and L1-MP in all three growth patterns with OPG scores greater than cephalometric tracing. The interclass coefficient test indicated almost perfect agreement for the gonial angle between the two methods. A substantial agreement was seen for U1-NF on lateral cephalogram and OPG in the vertical group. Also, a fair agreement in the vertical and horizontal group was observed in Lower anterior mandibular height. CONCLUSION Vertical parameters such as gonial angle and maxillary anterior dental height can be accurately determined on an OPG by the OneCeph application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Goyal
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piush Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhangi Jain
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lin L, Li C, Chen SH, Boucher NS, Chung CH. Transverse growth of the mandibular body in untreated children: a longitudinal CBCT study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2097-2107. [PMID: 37022530 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently available reports on mandibular transverse growth are limited to two-dimensional images and cross-sectional studies. The objective of this study was to examine transverse growth of the mandibular body in untreated growing individuals during the mixed dentition stage using longitudinal three-dimensional imaging. METHODS CBCT images of 25 (13 females and 12 males) untreated subjects at two time points were analyzed. The average age was 9.1 years at T1 and 11.3 years at T2. Mandibular segmentation and superimposition were performed to obtain linear and angular measurements at different axial levels. RESULTS At the superior (mental foramen) axial level, transverse growth between the buccal surfaces gradually increased from the premolars to the ramus. At the inferior axial level, significant transverse growth differences were detected between the ramus and the dentition regions. In contrast, between the lingual surfaces, both superior and inferior levels showed minimal change in the region under the dentition and a significant amount of resorption in the ramus region. This difference between buccal and lingual surface changes led to a mandibular body angulation change in the premolar and molar regions. In contrast, the overall mandibular body angulation measured from the posterior-most border of the mandible to the symphysis remained the same. Differences were detected between males and females, with males tending to exhibit greater transverse growth in the ramus region at the inferior level. CONCLUSIONS The mandibular body exhibited different transverse growth patterns at different axial levels. Differences were also found between genders. CLINICAL RELEVANCE An in-depth understanding of craniofacial growth and development is crucial to diagnosis and treatment planning. The current study provides additional insight into the transverse growth of the mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Stephanie H Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Normand S Boucher
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chun-Hsi Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Prado GM, Fontenele RC, Costa ED, Freitas DQ, Oliveira ML. Morphological and topographic evaluation of the mandibular canal and its relationship with the facial profile, skeletal class, and sex. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 27:17-23. [PMID: 35304654 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-022-01058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology and topography of the mandibular canal in patients with different facial profiles, skeletal classes, and sexes. METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography volumes of 103 patients were classified according to facial profile and skeletal class. Two examiners classified the mandibular canal into a linear, spoon-shaped, elliptical arc, or turning curvature and measured four related linear distances. The most frequent mandibular canal curvature was identified and multi-way ANOVA with Tukey's test compared the linear measurements between facial types, skeletal class, and sexes (α = 0.05). Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the reproducibility of qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. RESULTS The examiners showed excellent reproducibility. The four curvatures of the mandibular canal were found, but the spoon-shaped and elliptical arch were the most frequent. No significant differences were observed for most of the linear measurements between the different facial profiles, skeletal classes, and sexes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Spoon-shaped and elliptical arch are the most frequent curvatures of the mandibular canal; furthermore, its morphology and topography seem to be little influenced by the facial profile, skeletal class, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Moraes Prado
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 901, Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 901, Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Dantas Costa
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 901, Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Cafe Ave, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 901, Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus L Oliveira
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 901, Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:248-330. [PMID: 36096911 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry offers this review of the 2021 dental literature in restorative dentistry to inform busy dentists regarding noteworthy scientific and clinical progress over the past year. Each member of the committee brings discipline-specific expertise to coverage of this broad topical area. Specific subject areas addressed, in order of the appearance in this report, include COVID-19 and the dental profession (new); prosthodontics; periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; implant dentistry; dental materials and therapeutics; occlusion and temporomandibular disorders; sleep-related breathing disorders; oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and dental caries and cariology. The authors focused their efforts on reporting information likely to influence daily dental treatment decisions with an emphasis on future trends in dentistry. With the tremendous volume of dentistry and related literature being published daily, this review cannot possibly be comprehensive. Rather, its purpose is to update interested readers and provide important resource material for those interested in pursuing greater details on their own. It remains our intent to assist colleagues in negotiating the extensive volume of important information being published annually. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in successfully managing the patients and dental problems they encounter.
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Knigge RP, Hardin AM, Middleton KM, McNulty KP, Oh H, Valiathan M, Duren DL, Sherwood RJ. Craniofacial growth and morphology among intersecting clinical categories. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:2175-2206. [PMID: 35076186 PMCID: PMC9309194 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Differential patterns of craniofacial growth are important sources of variation that can result in skeletal malocclusion. Understanding the timing of growth milestones and morphological change associated with adult skeletal malocclusions is critical for developing individualized orthodontic growth modification strategies. To identify patterns in the timing and geometry of growth, we used Bayesian modeling of cephalometrics and geometric morphometric analyses with a dense, longitudinal sample consisting of 15,407 cephalograms from 1,913 individuals between 2 and 31 years of age. Individuals were classified into vertical facial types (hyper-, normo-, hypo-divergent) and anteroposterior (A-P) skeletal classes (Class I, Class II, Class III) based on adult mandibular plane angle and ANB angle, respectively. These classifications yielded eight facial type-skeletal class categories with sufficient sample sizes to be included in the study. Four linear cephalometrics representing facial heights and maxillary and mandibular lengths were fit to standard double logistic models generating type-class category-specific estimates for age, size, and rate of growth at growth milestones. Mean landmark configurations were compared among type-class categories at four time points between 6 and 20 years of age. Overall, morphology and growth patterns were more similar within vertical facial types than within A-P classes and variation among A-P classes typically nested within variation among vertical types. Further, type-class-associated variation in the rate and magnitude of growth in specific regions identified here may serve as targets for clinical treatment of complex vertical and A-P skeletal malocclusion and provide a clearer picture of the development of variation in craniofacial form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Knigge
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Anna M. Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201
- Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, 97361
| | - Kevin M. Middleton
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Kieran P. McNulty
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Heesoo Oh
- Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA
| | - Manish Valiathan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Dana L. Duren
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Richard J. Sherwood
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Midpalatal Suture Density as a Function of Sex and Growth-Pattern-Related Variability via CBCT Evaluations of 392 Adolescents Treated with a Rapid Maxillary Expander Appliance. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives. This paper aimed to evaluate the changes in mean bone density values of the midpalatal suture (MPS) in 392 young patients treated with a rapid palatal expander (RPE) appliance, depending on sex and vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods. Evaluations were performed using a low-dose protocol for cone beam computed tomography scans at T0 (preoperative) and T1 (1 year after the beginning of the therapy). The region of interest was used to calculate bone density in Hounsfield units (HU) for the area between the maxillary incisors. Results. CBCT scan data of 196 females and 196 males (mean age of 11.7 years) showed homogeneous and similar density values of the MPS at T0 (550.17–563.70 HU) and T1 (541.92–553.85 HU). Class III skeletal individuals showed significantly higher BD than the Class II group at T0, but not at T1. Females showed significant and substantially higher BD than males at T0 and T1. No significant differences were found between the other groups and between the two time points in terms of the bone density values of the MPS. Conclusions. Females and the Class III group showed significantly higher bone density values than males and Class II, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found from T0 to T1 in any groups, suggesting that a similar rate of suture reorganization occurs after the use of an RPE, causing reorganization and bone deposition along the MPS.
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The Relationship between Dentofacial Vertical Pattern and Bite Force Distribution among Children in Late Mixed Dentition. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Digital bite measurement systems such as the T-Scan III allow for the computerized measurement of occlusal force distribution. This study aimed to establish the relationship between dentofacial vertical pattern and bite force distribution among children in late mixed dentition. Materials and Methods: In total, 86 children (45 male, 41 female) aged between 9 and 11 years with short (n = 28), medium (n = 28), and long (n = 30) facial heights were included in this study. The height, weight, age, and gender were recorded. Occlusal bite force distribution and time of occlusal cycle were recorded using a T-Scan III device (Tekscan Corp. Boston, MA, USA). The bite force distribution was compared among facial types using a One-Way ANOVA and post hoc test, a linear regression model with time of occlusion as dependent variable was developed. Results: No significant differences were observed in occlusion time between genders. Children with long facial height had a significantly lower anterior bite force distribution (p < 0.05) and significantly higher posterior bite force distribution (p < 0.05) than those with average or short facial height. Age, gender, height, and weight had no significant association with time of the occlusal cycle. Conclusion: Children with an increased vertical facial height have a more posterior distribution of force than children with average or short facial heights in the late mixed dentition.
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