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Baker CC, Wu BT, Han G, Flynn AN, Creinin MD. Early pregnancy loss medical management in clinical practice. Contraception 2023; 126:110134. [PMID: 37524147 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to review clinical practice outcomes of early pregnancy loss (EPL) medical management using mifepristone and misoprostol outside of a clinical trial setting. STUDY DESIGN In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed a deidentified database of patients who received mifepristone-misoprostol for EPL from May 2018 to May 2021 at our academic center-based clinic, which was a study site for a multicenter mifepristone-misoprostol EPL trial completed in March 2018. All patients received mifepristone 200 mg orally and misoprostol 800 mcg vaginally or buccally, with clinic follow-up typically scheduled within 1 week. The primary outcome was successful medical management, defined as management without the need for aspiration, and the secondary outcomes included additional interventions and indications, follow-up ultrasonography findings, and adverse events requiring treatment. RESULTS We treated 90 patients with a median ultrasound-measured gestational size of 49 (range 30-80) days and median time from mifepristone to misoprostol of 24 (range 8-66) hours. Follow-up was completed in clinic by 80 (88.9%), completed remotely by five (5.6%), and not completed by five (5.6%) patients. Overall, 76 (95% CI 82.9%-96.0%) of 85 patients (89.4%) with follow-up were successfully managed without uterine aspiration. Eighty patients had initial follow-up ultrasonography interpreted as gestational sac expulsion; seven (8.8%) of these ultimately underwent aspiration, including one patient who had a previously undiagnosed cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. Two patients had significant safety outcomes: one pelvic infection and one blood transfusion during aspiration in the patient with a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Outside of a clinical trial setting, medical management of EPL with mifepristone and misoprostol remains effective and safe. IMPLICATIONS Medical management of EPL with mifepristone and misoprostol is effective and safe outside of a clinical trial setting. A standardized protocol based on the best available clinical trial evidence can be used in clinical practice for the medical management of EPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.
| | - Brenda T Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Gloria Han
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Anne N Flynn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Mitchell D Creinin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Lu Y, Su R, Chen R, Wang W, An J. Predictor assessment of complete miscarriage after medical treatment for early pregnancy loss in women with previous cesarean section. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31180. [PMID: 36254024 PMCID: PMC9575734 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate clinical predictors associated with complete miscarriage after medical treatment for early pregnancy loss (EPL) in women with previous cesarean section. Patients with retained uterine content after expulsion followed by administration of mifepristone and misoprostol were included if they chose continued medical treatment rather than surgical intervention. Clinical characteristics including maternal age, gravidity, parity, history of previous cesarean section and ultrasound findings regarding average diameter of the gestational sac, uterine position, width, and blood flow signal of the residual uterine content after expulsion of the gestational sac were included in the analysis to determine predictors of complete miscarriage. A recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to divide the patients into probability groups and assess their probability of complete miscarriage. A total of 89 patients were analyzed. The complete miscarriage rate was 58.43% overall. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the width and blood flow signal of the residual after expulsion were both independent predictors for complete miscarriage (all P < .05). Patients were divided into high-probability (no blood flow signal, width of residual <1 cm), intermediate-probability (no blood flow signal, width of residual ≥1 cm; blood flow signal, width of residual <1 cm), and low-probability (blood flow signal, width of residual ≥ 1 cm) groups by RPA according to these 2 factors. The incidences of complete miscarriage were 88.24%, 67.57%, and 34.29%, respectively, P < .001). Surgical evacuation may be avoided in patients without ultrasonic blood flow of the uterine residual and width of the residual <1 cm. More active treatment could be recommended for patients with ultrasonic blood flow of the uterine residual and width of the residual ≥ 1 cm. Clinicians and patients should be aware of these differences when proceeding with medical treatment for EPL patients with previous cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Ruide Su
- Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Ruixin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Wenrong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Jian An
- Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
- *Correspondence: Jian An, Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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The burden of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) on providers and patients experiencing early pregnancy loss: A commentary. Contraception 2021; 104:29-30. [PMID: 33895123 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shorter JM, Schreiber CA, Sonalkar S. Recent Advances in the Medical Management of Early Pregnancy Loss. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-020-00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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van den Berg J, Hamel CC, Snijders MP, Coppus SF, Vandenbussche FP. Mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone for uterine evacuation after early pregnancy failure: study protocol for a randomized double blinded placebo-controlled comparison (Triple M Trial). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:443. [PMID: 31775677 PMCID: PMC6880504 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early pregnancy failure (EPF) is a common complication of pregnancy. If women do not abort spontaneously, they will undergo medical or surgical treatment in order to remove the products of conception from the uterus. Curettage, although highly effective, is associated with a risk of complications; medical treatment with misoprostol is a safe and less expensive alternative. Unfortunately, after 1 week of expectant management in case of EPF, medical treatment with misoprostol has a complete evacuation rate of approximately 50%. Misoprostol treatment results may be improved by pre-treatment with mifepristone; its effectiveness has already been proven for other indications of pregnancy termination. This study will test the hypothesis that, in EPF, the sequential combination of mifepristone with misoprostol is superior to the use of misoprostol alone in terms of complete evacuation (primary outcome), patient satisfaction, complications, side effects and costs (secondary outcomes). METHODS The trial will be performed multi-centred, prospectively, two-armed, randomised, double-blinded and placebo-controlled. Women with confirmed EPF by ultrasonography (6-14 weeks), managed expectantly for at least 1 week, can be included and randomised to pre-treatment with oral mifepristone (600 mg) or oral placebo (identical in appearance). Randomisation will take place after receiving written consent to participate. In both arms pre-treatment will be followed by oral misoprostol, which will start 36-48 h later consisting of two doses 400 μg (4 hrs apart), repeated after 24 h if no tissue is lost. Four hundred sixty-four women will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by centre. Ultrasonography 2 weeks after treatment will determine short term treatment effect. When the gestational sac is expulsed, expectant management is advised until 6 weeks after treatment when the definitive primary endpoint, complete or incomplete evacuation, will be determined. A sonographic endometrial thickness < 15 mm using only the allocated therapy by randomisation is considered as successful treatment. Secondary outcome measures (patient satisfaction, complications, side effects and costs) will be registered using a case report form, patient diary and validated questionnaires (Short Form 36, EuroQol-VAS, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire). DISCUSSION This trial will answer the question if, in case of EPF, after at least 1 week of expectant management, sequential treatment with mifepristone and misoprostol is more effective than misoprostol alone to achieve complete evacuation of the products of conception. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov (d.d. 02-07-2017): NCT03212352. Trialregister.nl (d.d. 03-07-2017): NTR6550. EudraCT number (d.d. 07-08-2017): 2017-002694-19. File number Commisie Mensgebonden Onderzoek (d.d. 07-08-2017): NL 62449.091.17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce van den Berg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Postbus 9015, Nijmegen, GS 6500 The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C. Hamel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Postbus 9015, Nijmegen, GS 6500 The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Marcus P. Snijders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Postbus 9015, Nijmegen, GS 6500 The Netherlands
| | - Sjors F. Coppus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, De Run 4600, Veldhoven, DB 5504 The Netherlands
| | - Frank P. Vandenbussche
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, GA 6525 The Netherlands
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Abstract
Early pregnancy loss is the most common complication in pregnancy. Management options for miscarriage include expectant management, medical intervention, or surgical aspiration. Non-surgical and surgical management are all safe and acceptable options for medically uncomplicated patients. Patient and provider preferences contribute profoundly to clinical decisions about miscarriage management. Shared-decision making and evidence based counseling have been shown to significantly improve patient satisfaction with early pregnancy loss care. This review article will discuss the epidemiology and risk factors of early pregnancy loss, current evidence and clinical practice guidelines around management options, and provider and patient preferences for early pregnancy loss management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M Shorter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1000 Courtyard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica M Atrio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Hospital & Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695 Eastchester Road Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Courtney A Schreiber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1000 Courtyard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Schreiber CA, Creinin MD, Atrio J, Sonalkar S, Ratcliffe SJ, Barnhart KT. Mifepristone Pretreatment for the Medical Management of Early Pregnancy Loss. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:2161-2170. [PMID: 29874535 PMCID: PMC6437668 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1715726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical management of early pregnancy loss is an alternative to uterine aspiration, but standard medical treatment with misoprostol commonly results in treatment failure. We compared the efficacy and safety of pretreatment with mifepristone followed by treatment with misoprostol with the efficacy and safety of misoprostol use alone for the management of early pregnancy loss. METHODS We randomly assigned 300 women who had an anembryonic gestation or in whom embryonic or fetal death was confirmed to receive pretreatment with 200 mg of mifepristone, administered orally, followed by 800 μg of misoprostol, administered vaginally (mifepristone-pretreatment group), or 800 μg of misoprostol alone, administered vaginally (misoprostol-alone group). Participants returned 1 to 4 days after misoprostol use for evaluation, including ultrasound examination, by an investigator who was unaware of the treatment-group assignments. Women in whom the gestational sac was not expelled were offered expectant management, a second dose of misoprostol, or uterine aspiration. We followed all participants for 30 days after randomization. Our primary outcome was gestational sac expulsion with one dose of misoprostol by the first follow-up visit and no additional intervention within 30 days after treatment. RESULTS Complete expulsion after one dose of misoprostol occurred in 124 of 148 women (83.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 76.8 to 89.3) in the mifepristone-pretreatment group and in 100 of 149 women (67.1%; 95% CI, 59.0 to 74.6) in the misoprostol-alone group (relative risk, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.43). Uterine aspiration was performed less frequently in the mifepristone-pretreatment group than in the misoprostol-alone group (8.8% vs. 23.5%; relative risk, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.68). Bleeding that resulted in blood transfusion occurred in 2.0% of the women in the mifepristone-pretreatment group and in 0.7% of the women in the misoprostol-alone group (P=0.31); pelvic infection was diagnosed in 1.3% of the women in each group. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with mifepristone followed by treatment with misoprostol resulted in a higher likelihood of successful management of first-trimester pregnancy loss than treatment with misoprostol alone. (Funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; PreFaiR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02012491 .).
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MESH Headings
- Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal/administration & dosage
- Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal/adverse effects
- Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal/adverse effects
- Abortion, Spontaneous/diagnostic imaging
- Abortion, Spontaneous/drug therapy
- Administration, Intravaginal
- Administration, Oral
- Adult
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Female
- Fetal Death
- Gestational Sac/diagnostic imaging
- Hemorrhage/chemically induced
- Humans
- Mifepristone/administration & dosage
- Mifepristone/adverse effects
- Misoprostol/administration & dosage
- Misoprostol/adverse effects
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First
- Ultrasonography
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Schreiber
- From the Pregnancy Early Access Center (PEACE), Division of Family Planning (C.A.S., S.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.A.S., S.S., K.T.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.J.R.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (M.D.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Hospital and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (J.A.)
| | - Mitchell D Creinin
- From the Pregnancy Early Access Center (PEACE), Division of Family Planning (C.A.S., S.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.A.S., S.S., K.T.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.J.R.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (M.D.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Hospital and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (J.A.)
| | - Jessica Atrio
- From the Pregnancy Early Access Center (PEACE), Division of Family Planning (C.A.S., S.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.A.S., S.S., K.T.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.J.R.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (M.D.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Hospital and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (J.A.)
| | - Sarita Sonalkar
- From the Pregnancy Early Access Center (PEACE), Division of Family Planning (C.A.S., S.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.A.S., S.S., K.T.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.J.R.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (M.D.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Hospital and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (J.A.)
| | - Sarah J Ratcliffe
- From the Pregnancy Early Access Center (PEACE), Division of Family Planning (C.A.S., S.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.A.S., S.S., K.T.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.J.R.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (M.D.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Hospital and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (J.A.)
| | - Kurt T Barnhart
- From the Pregnancy Early Access Center (PEACE), Division of Family Planning (C.A.S., S.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.A.S., S.S., K.T.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (S.J.R.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (M.D.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Hospital and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (J.A.)
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Lusink V, Wong C, de Vries B, Ludlow J. Medical management of miscarriage: Predictive factors of success. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 58:590-593. [PMID: 29624638 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Medical management of miscarriage is an acceptable option available to women, and has advantages of providing timely treatment, while avoiding exposure to surgery and anaesthesia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine factors predictive of successful medical management, utilising a single dose protocol of 800 µg vaginal misoprostol. In this cohort, the success rate was 67% (199/296), and smaller mean gestational sac diameter independent of gestational age predicted success (P = 0.046). Success is not significantly related to parity, miscarriage type, pelvic pain or vaginal bleeding at the outset of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lusink
- Women and Babies Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Bradley de Vries
- Women and Babies Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne Ludlow
- Women and Babies Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Ultrasound Care, Sydney, Australia
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Sinha P, Suneja A, Guleria K, Aggarwal R, Vaid NB. Comparison of Mifepristone Followed by Misoprostol with Misoprostol Alone for Treatment of Early Pregnancy Failure: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2017; 68:39-44. [PMID: 29391674 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-017-0992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of mifepristone followed by misoprostol with misoprostol alone in the management of early pregnancy failure (EPF). Study Design A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Methods Ninety-two women with EPF ≤12 weeks were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either mifepristone 200 mg (n = 46) or placebo (n = 46). Forty-eight hours later, patients in both the groups were given 800 µg misoprostol per-vaginum. If no expulsion occurred within 4 h, repeat doses of 400 µg misoprostol were given orally at 3-hourly interval to a maximum of 2 doses in women ≤9 weeks by scan and 4 doses in women >9 weeks by scan. Results Pre-treatment of misoprostol with mifepristone significantly increased the complete abortion rate (86.7 vs. 57.8%, p = 0.009) and, hence, reduced the need for surgical evacuation (13.3 vs. 42.2%, p = 0.002), induction to expulsion interval (4.74 ± 2.24 vs. 8.03 ± 2.77 h, p = 0.000), mean number of additional doses of misoprostol required (0.68 vs. 1.91, p = 0.000), and side effects. Conclusion Use of mifepristone prior to misoprostol in EPF significantly improves the efficacy and reduces the side effects of misoprostol alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sinha
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Amita Suneja
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Kiran Guleria
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Richa Aggarwal
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India.,KL-99, Kavi Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Neelam B Vaid
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
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Colleselli V, Nell T, Bartosik T, Brunner C, Ciresa-Koenig A, Wildt L, Marth C, Seeber B. Marked improvement in the success rate of medical management of early pregnancy failure following the implementation of a novel institutional protocol and treatment guidelines: a follow-up study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:1265-1272. [PMID: 27554492 PMCID: PMC5071363 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the success rate, time to passage of tissue and subjective patient experience of a newly implemented protocol for medical management of early pregnancy failure (EPF) over a 2-year period. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients with early pregnancy failure primarily opting for medical management was performed. 200 mg mifepristone were administered orally, followed by a single vaginal dose of 800 mcg misoprostol after 36–48 h. We followed-up with our patients using a written questionnaire. Results 167 women were included in the present study. We observed an overall success rate of 92 %, defined as no need for surgical management after medication administration. We could not identify predictive values for success in a multivariate regression analysis. Most patients (84 %) passed tissue within 6 h after misoprostol administration. The protocol was well tolerated with a low incidence of side effects. Pain was managed well with sufficient analgesics. Responders to the questionnaire felt adequately informed prior to treatment and rated their overall experience as positive. Conclusion The adaption of the institutional medical protocol resulted in a marked improvement of success rate when compared to the previously used protocol (92 vs. 61 %). We credit this increase to the adjusted medication schema as well as to targeted physician education on the expected course and interpretation of outcome measures. Our results underscore that the medical management of EPF is a safe and effective alternative to surgical evacuation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Colleselli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Nell
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Bartosik
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Brunner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Ciresa-Koenig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Wildt
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Marth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Seeber
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Mcgee TM, Diplock H, Lucewicz A. Sublingual misoprostol for management of empty sac or missed miscarriage: The first two years’ experience at a metropolitan Australian hospital. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 56:414-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese M. Mcgee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Westmead Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Hayley Diplock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Westmead Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Ania Lucewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Westmead Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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12
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van den Berg J, Gordon BB, Snijders MP, Vandenbussche FP, Coppus SF. The added value of mifepristone to non-surgical treatment regimens for uterine evacuation in case of early pregnancy failure: a systematic review of the literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 195:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Guedes-Martins L, Saraiva JP, Gaio AR, Reynolds A, Macedo F, Almeida H. Uterine artery Doppler in the management of early pregnancy loss: a prospective, longitudinal study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:28. [PMID: 25879688 PMCID: PMC4332726 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pharmacological management of early pregnancy loss reduced substantially the need for dilation and curettage. However, prognostic markers of successful outcome were not established. Thus the major purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the uterine artery pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices to detect early pregnancy loss patients requiring dilation and curettage after unsuccessful management. Methods A cohort prospective observational study was undertaken to include women with early pregnancy loss, ≤ 12 weeks of gestation, managed with mifepristone (200 mg) and misoprostol (1600 μg) followed by PI and RI evaluation of both uterine arteries 2 weeks after. At this time, in 173/315 patients, incomplete miscarriage was diagnosed. Among them, 32 underwent uterine dilatation and curettage at 8 weeks of follow-up. Results The cut-off points for the uterine artery PI and RI, leading to the maximum values of sensitivity (69.5%, CI95%: 61.5%-76.5% and 75.0%, CI95%: 57.9%-86.8%, respectively) and specificity (75.0%, CI95%: 57.9%-86.8% and 65.6%, CI95%: 48.3%-79.6%, respectively), for the discrimination between the women who needed curettage from those who resolved spontaneously were 2.8 and 1, respectively. Conclusions The potential usefulness of uterine artery Doppler evaluation to predict the need for uterine curettage in patients submitted to medical treatment for early pregnancy loss was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Guedes-Martins
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,Hospital Centre of Porto EPE, Department of Women and Reproductive Medicine, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim P Saraiva
- Hospital Centre of Porto EPE, Department of Women and Reproductive Medicine, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal. .,Obstetrics-Gynecology, Private Hospital Trofa, 4785-409, Trofa, Portugal.
| | - Ana R Gaio
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal. .,CMUP-Centre of Mathematics, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Reynolds
- Centro de Simulação Médica do Porto (CESIMED), 4465-024, São Mamede de Infesta, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Macedo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Cardiology, S. João Hospital Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Almeida
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,Obstetrics-Gynecology, CUF-Hospital Porto, 4100 180, Porto, Portugal.
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Dalton VK, Liang A, Hutton DW, Zochowski MK, Fendrick AM. Beyond usual care: the economic consequences of expanding treatment options in early pregnancy loss. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:177.e1-6. [PMID: 25174796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the economic consequences of expanding options for early pregnancy loss (EPL) treatment beyond expectant management and operating room surgical evacuation (usual care). STUDY DESIGN We constructed a decision model using a hypothetical cohort of women undergoing EPL management within a 30 day horizon. Treatment options under the usual care arm include expectant management and surgical uterine evacuation in an operating room (OR). Treatment options under the expanded care arm included all evidence-based safe and effective treatment options for EPL: expectant management, misoprostol treatment, surgical uterine evacuation in an office setting, and surgical uterine evacuation in an OR. Probabilities of entering various treatment pathways were based on previously published observational studies. RESULTS The cost per case was US $241.29 lower for women undergoing treatment in the expanded care model as compared with the usual care model (US $1033.29 per case vs US $1274.58 per case, expanded care and usual care, respectively). The model was the most sensitive to the failure rate of the expectant management arm, the cost of the OR surgical procedure, the proportion of women undergoing an OR surgical procedure under usual care, and the additional cost per patient associated with implementing and using the expanded care model. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that expanding women's treatment options for EPL beyond what is typically available can result in lower direct medical expenditures.
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Practice variation in the management of first trimester miscarriage in the Netherlands: a nationwide survey. Obstet Gynecol Int 2014; 2014:387860. [PMID: 25538770 PMCID: PMC4236889 DOI: 10.1155/2014/387860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To survey practice variation in the management of first trimester miscarriage in The Netherlands. Methods. We sent an online questionnaire to gynecologists in eight academic, 37 nonacademic teaching, and 47 nonteaching hospitals. Main outcome measures were availability of a local protocol; estimated number of patients treated with curettage, misoprostol, or expectant management; misoprostol regimen; and estimated number of curettages performed after initial misoprostol treatment. Outcomes were compared to the results of a previous nationwide survey. Results. The response rate was 100%. A miscarriage protocol was present in all academic hospitals, 68% of nonacademic teaching hospitals, and 38% of nonteaching hospitals (P = 0.008). Misoprostol was first-choice treatment for 41% of patients in academic hospitals versus 34% and 27% in teaching-and nonteaching hospitals (P = 0.045). There were 23 different misoprostol regimens. Curettage was first-choice treatment in 29% of patients in academic hospitals versus 46% and 50% in nonacademic teaching or nonteaching hospitals (P = 0.007). In 30% of patients, initial misoprostol treatment was followed by curettage. Conclusions. Although the percentage of gynaecologists who are aware of the availability of misoprostol for miscarriage treatment has doubled to almost 100% since 2005, practice variation is still large. This practice variation underlines the need for a national guideline.
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Bouschbacher L, Maatouk A, Collin P, Welter E, Morel O, de Malartic CM. [Association of mifepristone and misoprostol for the medical management of early pregnancy failure]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:832-7. [PMID: 25458806 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A retrospective monocentric clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the association of mifepristone and misoprostol for the management of early pregnancy failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-two women with early pregnancy failure or anembryonic pregnancy were first treated with 600 mg of mifepristone and 48 hours later with 400 μg of misoprostol by oral administration. Successful treatment, defined as an empty uterus, was searched at day 3, with the association of misoprostol-mifepristone alone or with complementary medical treatment, prostaglandins or ocytocine. RESULTS The overall treatment success was 82% (75 of 92 women) with 69 successful cases at day 3 (75%). Six of 92 women (7%) needed a second-line medical treatment. For the last 17 women (18%), the failure of the associated tested medical treatment lead to a secondary surgery. No prognostic factor for the successful medical treatment has been highlighted. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION A high efficacy for the management of early pregnancy failure is demonstrated for the mifepristone and misoprostol medical treatment. The specific contribution of mifepristone, although proven in the cases of termination of evolutive pregnancies, should be further evaluated in the future for the specific management of early pregnancy failure. Nevertheless, no prognostic factor for the success of the propose treatment can be determined, as the amount of patients enrolled in this study was not sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bouschbacher
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, maternité Bel-Air, CHR Metz-Thionville, 2, rue de friscaty, BP 60327, 57126 Thionville, France; Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine fœtale, pôle de la femme, maternité régionale universitaire de Nancy, université de Lorraine, 10, avenue Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - A Maatouk
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, maternité Bel-Air, CHR Metz-Thionville, 2, rue de friscaty, BP 60327, 57126 Thionville, France
| | - P Collin
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, maternité Bel-Air, CHR Metz-Thionville, 2, rue de friscaty, BP 60327, 57126 Thionville, France
| | - E Welter
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, maternité Bel-Air, CHR Metz-Thionville, 2, rue de friscaty, BP 60327, 57126 Thionville, France
| | - O Morel
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine fœtale, pôle de la femme, maternité régionale universitaire de Nancy, université de Lorraine, 10, avenue Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - C Mezan de Malartic
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique et médecine fœtale, pôle de la femme, maternité régionale universitaire de Nancy, université de Lorraine, 10, avenue Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France
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Beucher G, Dolley P, Stewart Z, Lavoué V, Deffieux X, Dreyfus M. Obtention de la vacuité utérine dans le cadre d’une perte de grossesse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 43:794-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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van den Berg J, van den Bent JM, Snijders MP, de Heus R, Coppus SF, Vandenbussche FP. Sequential use of mifepristone and misoprostol in treatment of early pregnancy failure appears more effective than misoprostol alone: a retrospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 183:16-9. [PMID: 25461345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Is treatment of early pregnancy failure (EPF) with sequential use of mifepristone and misoprostol more effective than treatment with misoprostol alone? STUDY DESIGN In a retrospective cohort study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Radboud University Medical Centre, 301 women with early pregnancy failure receiving medical treatment between January 2008 and March 2013 were included. Of these, 199 women were pre-treated with 200mg mifepristone (orally) followed by 2 consecutive doses of 800mcg misoprostol (vaginally) and 102 women were treated with 2 consecutive doses of 800mcg misoprostol (vaginally) alone. RESULTS Complete expulsion was achieved in 66.8% of the women treated with a sequential combination of mifepristone and misoprostol versus 54.9% of the women treated with misoprostol alone. The difference in rates of complete expulsion was 11.9% (P<0.05; 95% CI 0.3-23.6%). CONCLUSIONS Medical treatment of early pregnancy failure with a sequential combination of mifepristone and misoprostol was more effective than treatment with misoprostol alone. Our findings will have to be confirmed by a large prospective multicentre double blinded-randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce van den Berg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan M van den Bent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus P Snijders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel de Heus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors F Coppus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P Vandenbussche
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Beucher G, Dolley P, Stewart Z, Carles G, Dreyfus M. Fausses couches du premier trimestre : bénéfices et risques des alternatives thérapeutiques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:608-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Colleselli V, Schreiber CA, D'Costa E, Mangesius S, Wildt L, Seeber BE. Medical management of early pregnancy failure (EPF): a retrospective analysis of a combined protocol of mifepristone and misoprostol used in clinical practice. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:1341-5. [PMID: 24305748 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of a combined protocol of mifepristone and misoprostol in the management of early pregnancy failure (EPF) and the average time to expulsion of tissue and rate of side effects. METHODS Retrospective chart review of all consecutive women treated with primary medical management for EPF at our institution from 2006 to 2012. RESULTS 168 patients were included in the present study. The overall success rate, defined as the absence of the need for surgical intervention, was 61 % and did not differ by calendar year. There was no difference in success rate grouped by diagnosis [intrauterine embryonic/fetal demise (IUED/IUFD) vs. anembryonic gestation; p = 0.30] or gestational age (<9 or ≥9 weeks; p = 0.48). The success rate varied significantly according to the required dose of misoprostol, ≤800 or >800 μg (68 vs. 50 %, p = 0.029). Of the possible predictive factors of success, only the dose of misoprostol required was a significant independent negative predictor. Mean and median time to tissue expulsion after the first dose of misoprostol were 8.4 and 5.5 h, respectively. The incidence of side effects was low with no blood transfusions required. CONCLUSIONS The success rate in this study is markedly below published data. This can possibly be attributed to retrospective study design, allowing for physician subjectivity and patients' wishes in the absence of strict study requirements. The protocol was well tolerated with a paucity of side effects. We make suggestions for enhancing success rates in the clinical setting by optimizing medication protocols, establishing precise treatment guidelines and training physicians in the accurate interpretation of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Colleselli
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Immediate versus delayed medical treatment for first-trimester miscarriage: a randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 206:215.e1-6. [PMID: 22381604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare immediate vs delayed medical treatment for first-trimester miscarriage. STUDY DESIGN Randomized open-label trial in a university hospital gynecologic emergency department. Between April 2003 and April 2006, 182 women diagnosed with spontaneous abortion before 14 weeks' gestation were assigned to immediate medical treatment (oral mifepristone, followed 48 hours later by vaginal misoprostol, n = 91) or sequential management (1 week of watchful waiting followed, if necessary, by the above-described medical treatment, n = 91). Vacuum aspiration was performed in case of treatment failure, hemorrhage, pain, infection, or patient request. RESULTS Compared with immediate medical treatment, sequential management resulted in twice as many vacuum aspirations overall (43.5% vs 19.1%; P < .001), 4 times as many emergent vacuum aspirations (20% vs 4.5%; P = .001), and twice as many unplanned visits to the emergency department (34.1% vs 16.9%; P = .009). CONCLUSION Delaying medical treatment of first-trimester miscarriage increases the rate of unplanned surgical uterine evacuation.
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