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De Toro V, Alberti G, Dominguez A, Carrasco-Negüe K, Ferrer P, Valenzuela R, Garmendia ML, Casanello P. Growth patterns in infants born to women with pregestational overweight/obesity supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024. [PMID: 38922906 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy have controversial and contrasting results on the short and long-term effects on early child growth. The impact of this nutritional intervention on the postnatal growth patterns in the offspring of women with pregestational overweight/obesity (PGO) also remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To analyze the postnatal growth patterns during the first 4 months of life in the offspring of women with PGO randomly supplemented with 800 mg/day (PGO-800) compared with normative doses of 200 mg/day (PGO-200) of DHA during pregnancy (<15 weeks of gestation until delivery). METHODS This study evaluated the growth patterns during the first 4 months of life of 169 infants of the women that participated in the MIGHT study (NCT02574767). We included the infants of women from the PGO-200 (n = 81) and PGO-800 group (n = 88). The growth patterns (weight, length, and head circumference) and change in z-score (WHO charts) were evaluated. RESULTS Throughout the first 4 months of life, the infants of the PGO-800 group had lower weight-for-length z-score (coef. -0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.07, -0.22, p = 0.003) and lower body mass index-for-age z-score (coef. -0.56, 95% CI -0.99, -0.12, p = 0.012) compared with the PGO-200 group adjusted by maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, gestational age, insulin in cord blood and infant feeding (exclusive breastfed, not breastfed, and partially breastfed). CONCLUSIONS Maternal supplementation with DHA during pregnancy could beneficially limit the offspring's postnatal weight gain during the first 4 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Toro
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gigliola Alberti
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelica Dominguez
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Carrasco-Negüe
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Ferrer
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Luisa Garmendia
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Du H, Li D, Molive LM, Wu N. Advances in free fatty acid profiles in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2024; 22:180. [PMID: 38374136 PMCID: PMC10875910 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and long-term maternal and infant health. The exact mechanism underlying changes in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) profiles in patients with GDM is unknown. However, it is believed that changes in diet and lipid metabolism may play a role. Fatty acids contain many specific FFAs, and the type of FFA has different impacts on physiological processes; hence, determining changes in FFAs in individual plasma is essential. Alterations in FFA concentration or profile may facilitate insulin resistance. Additionally, some FFAs show potential to predict GDM in early pregnancy and are strongly associated with the growth and development of the fetus and occurrence of macrosomia. Here, we aimed to review changes in FFAs in women with GDM and discuss the relationship of FFAs with GDM incidence and adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Laura Monjowa Molive
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
- Medical Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Guriec N, Le Foll C, Delarue J. Long-chain n-3 PUFA given before and throughout gestation and lactation in rats prevent high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male offspring in a tissue-specific manner. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1121-1136. [PMID: 36688295 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) given to pregnant rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet may prevent fetal programming in male offspring at adulthood. Six weeks before mating, and throughout gestation and lactation, female nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were given a chow (C) diet, HF (60·6 % fat from maize, rapeseed oils and lard) or HF in which one-third of fat was replaced by fish oil (HF n-3). At weaning, the three offspring groups were randomly separated in two groups fed C diet, or HF without LC n-3 PUFA, for 7 weeks until adulthood. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test both at weaning and at adulthood. Insulin signalling was determined in liver, muscle and adipose tissue by quantification of the phosphorylation of Akt on Ser 473 at adulthood. At weaning, as at adulthood, offspring from HF-fed dams were obese and displayed glucose intolerance (GI) and insulin resistance (IR), but not those from HFn-3 fed dams. Following the post-weaning C diet, phosphorylation of Akt was strongly reduced in all tissues of offspring from HF dams, but to a lesser extent in liver and muscle of offspring from HFn-3 dams. However, it was abolished in all tissues of all offspring groups fed the HF post-weaning diet. Thus, LC n-3 PUFA introduced in a HF in dams partially prevented the transmission of GI and IR in adult offspring even though they were fed without LC n-3 PUFA from weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Guriec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
- ER 7479 SPURBO, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
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Castro JJ, Umana-Perez A, Castaño-Moreno E, Casanello P, Ronco AM. DHA Supplementation during Pregnancy in Women with Obesity Normalizes IGF2R Levels in the Placenta of Male Newborns. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:1515033. [PMID: 37408866 PMCID: PMC10319466 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1515033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin-like growth factor receptor 2 (IGF2R) regulates placental nutrient transport, and its soluble form is related to obesity in adults. If the placental expression of IGF2R is altered in women with obesity is unknown. Whether maternal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties, has a modulatory role in IGF2R's function has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that maternal obesity (Ob) would be associated with alterations in placental IGF2R expression, which may be prevented with DHA supplementation during pregnancy. Methods At delivery, we obtained placentas from women with Ob (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 17), Ob supplemented with 800 mg/day of DHA during pregnancy (Ob + DHA, n = 13), and normal-weight women (Nw, BMI ≥ 18.5 ≤ 24.9 kg/m2, n = 14). The IGF2R mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Moreover, we quantified the gene expression of molecules that modulate the IGF2R function in the extracellular domain, such as TACE/ADAM17, PLAU, and IGF2. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used to compare results between two or three groups accordingly. Results The IGF2R levels in the Ob placentas of the male offspring were higher than in the Nw group. The DHA supplementation prevented this effect, suggesting an unknown relationship between IGF2R-Ob-DHA in placental tissues. Conclusion We report, for the first time, that DHA supplementation during pregnancy in women with obesity normalizes the increased IGF2R levels in male placentas, reducing the risk of adverse outcomes related to the IGF2/IGF2R system in male newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Castro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Investigación en Hormonas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Código Postal: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Umana-Perez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Investigación en Hormonas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Código Postal: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Erika Castaño-Moreno
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctor Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Post Code 7830490, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Neonatology and Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Ronco
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctor Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Post Code 7830490, Santiago, Chile
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Burden and Trend of Macrosomia and Large-for-Gestational-Age Neonates Attributable to High Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index in China, 2013-2017: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030331. [PMID: 36766906 PMCID: PMC9914660 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The world is transitioning to an obese future, but few studies have measured the burden of increased maternal body mass index (BMI) on pathological fetal overgrowth, especially the trends in this burden and its heterogeneity in populations with different characteristics. Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted with 7,998,620 Chinese females who had participated in the National Free Pre-Pregnancy Check-ups Project and became pregnant during 2013-2017. The proportions of macrosomic and LGA neonates attributable to high BMI (population attributable fraction, PAF) and annual percent change of yearly PAFs were estimated. Results: We found that the burden of macrosomic and LGA (large-for-gestational-age) neonates attributable to high pre-pregnancy BMI increased among Chinese females with planned pregnancies during 2013-2017. The PAF of macrosomia attributable to high BMI increased from 3.16% (95% confidence interval: 2.97-3.35%) to 7.11% (6.79-7.42%) by 23.60% (16.76-30.85%) annually, and the PAF of LGA increased from 2.35% (2.21-2.48%) to 5.00% (4.79-5.21%) by 21.98% (16.14-28.11%) annually. Our study identified that participants with disadvantaged socioeconomic status (including those without higher education, living in provinces with GDP per capita < 40,000 CNY, tier IV, and tier V cities) and residing in northern and southwestern China were at high risk of a rapidly expanding burden. Conclusions: Government authorities should control pre-pregnancy BMI through nationwide intervention programs and direct more resources to focus on the unfair burden on females with disadvantaged socioeconomic status.
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The role of maternal diet on offspring hyperinsulinaemia and adiposity after birth: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:527-540. [PMID: 34725018 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In utero diet may be directly related to the risk of fetal hyperinsulinaemia and offspring metabolic health. This review examines the relationship between maternal dietary exposures and sub-clinical fetal hyperinsulinaemia and neonatal adiposity. Articles were identified in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus (September 2019-March 2021) using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. PROSPERO registration ID CRD42020146453. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving a dietary intervention with pregnant women (healthy pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity) and reporting fetal cord-blood insulin, c-peptide, glucose or adiposity estimates were included. One author extracted all information on main study characteristics and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's bias risk assessment tool. A total of 733 articles were identified. Fourteen articles from 11 RCTs (3614 participants) were included. Studies reviewed showed no specific effect of maternal diet on neonatal cord blood insulin, c-peptide or glucose levels. Infants born to mothers who followed a low glycaemic load (GL) had lower skin fold thickness compared to controls. Interventions that provided individualised nutrition counselling to women with obesity or previous infant born > 4 kg were also associated with lower adiposity. The studies reviewed suggest that lifestyle-based dietary interventions to improve glycaemia (low GL) have a protective effect against excess adiposity. Future studies should incorporate multi-modal interventions with dietary counselling to support lifestyle changes throughout gestation and include assessments of maternal insulin resistance at recruitment.
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