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Ginzac A, Molnar I, Durando X, Motte Rouge TDL, Petit T, D'hondt V, Campone M, Bonichon-Lamichhane N, Venat Bouvet L, Levy C, Augereau P, Pistilli B, Arsene O, Jouannaud C, Nguyen S, Cayre A, Tixier L, Mahier Ait Oukhatar C, Nabholtz JM, Penault-Llorca F, Mouret-Reynier MA. Neoadjuvant anthracycline-based (5-FEC) or anthracycline-free (docetaxel/carboplatin) chemotherapy plus trastuzumab and pertuzmab in HER2 + BC patients according to their TOP2A: a multicentre, open-label, non-randomized phase II trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:267-279. [PMID: 38453781 PMCID: PMC11101498 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have reported the benefit of dual HER2-targeting combined to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-amplified breast cancer (HER2 + BC). Moreover, besides the cardiac toxicity following their association to Trastuzumab, anthracyclines chemotherapy may not profit all patients. The NeoTOP study was designed to evaluate the complementary action of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, and the relevance of an anthracycline-based regimen according to TOP2A amplification status. METHODS Open-label, multicentre, phase II study. Eligible patients were aged ≥ 18 with untreated, operable, histologically confirmed HER2 + BC. After centralized review of TOP2A status, TOP2A-amplified (TOP2A+) patients received FEC100 for 3 cycles then 3 cycles of Trastuzumab (8 mg/kg then 6 mg/kg), Pertuzumab (840 mg/kg then 420 mg/kg), and Docetaxel (75mg/m2 then 100mg/m2). TOP2A-not amplified (TOP2A-) patients received 6 cycles of Docetaxel (75mg/m2) and Carboplatin (target AUC 6 mg/ml/min) plus Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab. Primary endpoint was pathological Complete Response (pCR) using Chevallier's classification. Secondary endpoints included pCR (Sataloff), Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS), and toxicity. RESULTS Out of 74 patients, 41 and 33 were allocated to the TOP2A + and TOP2A- groups respectively. pCR rates (Chevallier) were 74.4% (95%CI: 58.9-85.4) vs. 71.9% (95%CI: 54.6-84.4) in the TOP2A + vs. TOP2A- groups. pCR rates (Sataloff), 5-year PFS and OS were 70.6% (95%CI: 53.8-83.2) vs. 61.5% (95%CI: 42.5-77.6), 82.4% (95%CI: 62.2-93.6) vs. 100% (95%CI: 74.1-100), and 90% (95%CI: 69.8-98.3) vs. 100% (95%CI: 74.1-100). Toxicity profile was consistent with previous reports. CONCLUSION Our results showed high pCR rates with Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab associated to chemotherapy. They were similar in TOP2A + and TOP2A- groups and the current role of neoadjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy remains questioned. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02339532 (registered on 14/12/14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Ginzac
- INSERM U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F- 63000, France.
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique UMR501, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.
- Département de Recherche Clinique, Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.
| | - Ioana Molnar
- INSERM U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F- 63000, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique UMR501, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
- Département de Recherche Clinique, Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Xavier Durando
- INSERM U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F- 63000, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique UMR501, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
- Département de Recherche Clinique, Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | | | - Thierry Petit
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique D'hondt
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Mario Campone
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, René GAUDUCHEAU, Saint Herblain, France
| | | | | | - Christelle Levy
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Centre François BACLESSE, Caen, France
| | - Paule Augereau
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, René GAUDUCHEAU, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Barbara Pistilli
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Institut Gustave ROUSSY, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Arsene
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Blois, Blois, France
| | | | - Suzanne Nguyen
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Pau, Pau, France
| | - Anne Cayre
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lucie Tixier
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Nabholtz
- Centre d'oncologie, Université King Saud (Medical City), Riyadh, Arabi Saoudite
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F- 63000, France
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Centre Jean PERRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Hermawan A, Ikawati M, Putri DDP, Fatimah N, Prasetio HH. Nobiletin Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cell by Regulating the Cell Cycle: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vitro Experiments. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:638-655. [PMID: 38721626 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2348217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Inhibiting breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) signaling pathways is a strategic method for successfully treating breast cancer. Nobiletin (NOB) is a compound widely found in orange peel that exhibits a toxic effect on various types of cancer cells, and inhibits the signaling pathways that regulate the properties of BCSCs; however, the effects of NOB on BCSCs remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the target genes of NOB for inhibiting BCSCs using in vitro three-dimensional breast cancer cell culture (mammospheres) and in silico approaches. We combined in vitro experiments to develop mammospheres and conducted cytotoxicity, next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses, such as gene ontology, the Reactome pathway enrichment, network topology, gene set enrichment analysis, hub genes selection, genetic alterations, prognostic value related to the mRNA expression, and mRNA and protein expression of potential NOB target genes that inhibit BCSCs. Here, we show that NOB inhibited BCSCs in mammospheres from MCF-7 cells. We also identified CDC6, CHEK1, BRCA1, UCHL5, TOP2A, MTMR4, and EXO1 as potential NOB targets inhibiting BCSCs. NOB decreased G0/G1, but increased the G2/M cell population. These findings showed that NOB is a potential therapeutic candidate for BCSCs treatment by regulating cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muthi Ikawati
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Fatimah
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Himawan Prasetio
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Joon HK, Thalor A, Gupta D. Machine learning analysis of lung squamous cell carcinoma gene expression datasets reveals novel prognostic signatures. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107430. [PMID: 37703712 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage and have poor prognoses. Thus, identifying novel biomarkers for the LUSC is of utmost importance. METHODS Multiple datasets from the NCBI-GEO repository were obtained and merged to construct the complete dataset. We also constructed a subset from this complete dataset with only known cancer driver genes. Further, machine learning classifiers were employed to obtain the best features from both datasets. Simultaneously, we perform differential gene expression analysis. Furthermore, survival and enrichment analyses were performed. RESULTS The kNN classifier performed comparatively better on the complete and driver datasets' top 40 and 50 gene features, respectively. Out of these 90 gene features, 35 were found to be differentially regulated. Lasso-penalized Cox regression further reduced the number of genes to eight. The median risk score of these eight genes significantly stratified the patients, and low-risk patients have significantly better overall survival. We validated the robust performance of these eight genes on the TCGA dataset. Pathway enrichment analysis identified that these genes are associated with cell cycle, cell proliferation, and migration. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that an integrated approach involving machine learning and system biology may effectively identify novel biomarkers for LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar Joon
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Anamika Thalor
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Gowtham HG, Murali M, Singh SB, Shivamallu C, Pradeep S, Shivakumar CS, Anandan S, Thampy A, Achar RR, Silina E, Stupin V, Ortega-Castro J, Frau J, Flores-Holguín N, Amruthesh KN, Kollur SP, Glossman-Mitnik D. Phytoconstituents of Withania somnifera unveiled Ashwagandhanolide as a potential drug targeting breast cancer: Investigations through computational, molecular docking and conceptual DFT studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275432. [PMID: 36201520 PMCID: PMC9536605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in females worldwide and poses a great challenge that necessitates the identification of novel therapeutic agents from several sources. This research aimed to study the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of four proteins (such as PDB: 6CBZ, 1FDW, 5GWK and 2WTT) with the selected phytochemicals from Withania somnifera to identify the potential inhibitors for breast cancer. The molecular docking result showed that among 44 compounds, two of them, Ashwagandhanolide and Withanolide sulfoxide have the potential to inhibit estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), 17-beta-hydroxysteroid -dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1), topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and p73 tetramerization domain that are expressed during breast cancer. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations results suggested that Ashwagandhanolide remained inside the binding cavity of four targeted proteins and contributed favorably towards forming a stable protein-ligand complex throughout the simulation. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) properties confirmed that Ashwagandhanolide is hydrophobic and has moderate intestinal permeability, good intestinal absorption, and poor skin permeability. The compound has a relatively low VDss value (-1.652) and can be transported across ABC transporter and good central nervous system (CNS) permeability but did not easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This compound does not possess any mutagenicity, hepatotoxicity and skin sensitization. Based on the results obtained, the present study highlights the anticancer potential of Ashwagandhanolide, a compound from W. somnifera. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to perform before clinical trials to prove the potentiality of Ashwagandhanolide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushma Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - C. S. Shivakumar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Anandan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (KNA); (SPK); (DGM)
| | - Anjana Thampy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Ram Achar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ekaterina Silina
- Department of Human Pathology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Juan Frau
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Malllorca, Spain
| | - Norma Flores-Holguín
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chih, México
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (KNA); (SPK); (DGM)
| | - Shiva Prasad Kollur
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (KNA); (SPK); (DGM)
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chih, México
- * E-mail: (SA); (KNA); (SPK); (DGM)
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Wu Y, Han Y, Li Q, Zhang P, Yuan P, Luo Y, Fan Y, Chen S, Cai R, Li Q, Xu H, Wang Y, Ma F, Wang J, Xu B. Predictive value of topoisomerase II alpha protein for clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 193:381-392. [PMID: 35297009 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) has been identified as a proliferation marker, of which the most common method for detection is immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, the optimal cut-off of TOP2A expression regarding prognostic value remains controversial. This study was to identify the optimal cut-off value of TOP2A expression and its correlation with clinicopathological variables and prognosis in early stage breast cancer in China. METHODS Between January 2013 and January 2015, a total of 1084 early breast cancer patients were enrolled. The optimal cut-off of TOP2A expression was assessed using the minimum P value approach. Correlations between TOP2A expression and clinicopathological characteristics were explored by the Spearman's correlation analysis, while the impact of TOP2A expression on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier methods. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were executed to identify statistically significant prognostic factors. RESULTS The optimal cut-off value of TOP2A was recommended as 15%. Overall, 603 (55.6%) patients were TOP2A over-expression and 481 (44.4%) patients were TOP2A low expression. TOP2A over-expression was in positive associations with a higher Ki67 index (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), HER2 positive (r = 0.26, P < 0.001), a larger tumor size (r = 0.14, P < 0.001), and a higher histologic grade (r = 0.59, P < 0.001), and in a significantly negative correlation with hormone receptor (HR) positive expression (r = - 0.40, P < 0.001) in early breast cancer. TOP2A over-expression significantly associated with worse DFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) and was an independent prognostic factor for both DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.04; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.30-3.18, P = 0.0018) and OS (HR = 3.54; 95%CI 1.53-8.23, P = 0.003) in stage I-II breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to recommend the optimal cut-off value of TOP2A expression in breast cancer. The TOP2A expression is significantly correlated with HER2 status, Ki67 index, tumor size, histologic grade and HR status, and could be a surrogate indicator for poor prognosis of early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruigang Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hangcheng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Al-Alawchi MSF, Alkafaji HR. Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of topoisomerase II alpha protein in patients with breast cancer and its correlation with different prognostic factors. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BABYLON 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_108_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Arthi M, Arun Kumar K, D'Cruze L, S R, Joseph LD, Dev B. The Significance of Topoisomerase II Alpha in Invasive Breast Carcinoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e18733. [PMID: 34790485 PMCID: PMC8586823 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topoisomerase II alpha (Top 2 A) protein has been shown to be a proliferation marker associated with tumour grade. The current study evaluated the prognostic impact of Top 2 A protein on luminal breast cancer and its utility as an independent prognostic marker. Immunohistochemical expression of Top 2 A in breast cancer and its correlation with the tumour type, size, lymph node metastases, grade and ER/PR positivity. Methodology Ethics committee approval was taken and 65 cases of Invasive breast carcinoma presenting to the Department of Pathology at a tertiary care centre in South India were studied. Patient details including age, tumour type, tumour size, tumour grading, estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) status and pathologic stage was studied. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) work-up for Top 2 A expression was done and evaluated. Results Of the 65 histological sections of breast cancers, 29/65 showed nuclear positivity for Top 2 A. Node positive tumours 17/65 stained positive for Top 2 A. Stage I tumours 2/65, stage II tumours 12/65 and stage III 14/65 stained positive for Top 2 A. Among the HER2/neu-positive tumours, 22/65 stained for Top 2 A and among ER/PR-positive 9/65 cases were positive for Top 2 A. Triple-negative tumours 5/65 stained for Top 2 A. Conclusion Higher Top 2 A expression was seen in higher stage tumours. HER2/neu-positive tumours significantly showed a correlation with Top 2 A positivity. Therefore, Top 2 A expression can be considered an individual prognostic factor in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arthi
- Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - K Arun Kumar
- General Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Lawrence D'Cruze
- Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajendiran S
- Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Leena D Joseph
- Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Bhawna Dev
- Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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Hurvitz SA, McAndrew NP, Bardia A, Press MF, Pegram M, Crown JP, Fasching PA, Ejlertsen B, Yang EH, Glaspy JA, Slamon DJ. A careful reassessment of anthracycline use in curable breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:134. [PMID: 34625570 PMCID: PMC8501074 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been over three decades since anthracyclines took their place as the standard chemotherapy backbone for breast cancer in the curative setting. Though the efficacy of anthracycline chemotherapy is not debatable, potentially life-threatening and long-term risks accompany this class of agents, leading some to question their widespread use, especially when newer agents with improved therapeutic indices have become available. Critically assessing when to incorporate an anthracycline is made more relevant in an era where molecular classification is enabling not only the development of biologically targeted therapeutics but also is improving the ability to better select those who would benefit from cytotoxic agents. This comprehensive analysis will present the problem of overtreatment in early-stage breast cancer, review evidence supporting the use of anthracyclines in the pre-taxane era, analyze comparative trials evaluating taxanes with or without anthracyclines in biologically unselected and selected patient populations, and explore published work aimed at defining anthracycline-sensitive tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alsterlind Hurvitz
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Nicholas P. McAndrew
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael F. Press
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Mark Pegram
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - John P. Crown
- grid.412751.40000 0001 0315 8143Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric H. Yang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - John A. Glaspy
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Dennis J. Slamon
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
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9
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Sha M, Cao J, Zong ZP, Xu N, Zhang JJ, Tong Y, Xia Q. Identification of genes predicting unfavorable prognosis in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:975. [PMID: 34277775 PMCID: PMC8267317 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To identify potential key genes predicting unfavorable prognosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Gene expression profiles of GSE121248, GSE62232, and GSE55092 from the GEO database were obtained and analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HBV-associated HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were screened by the limma package and Venn diagram software. Functional assessment of DEGs was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Hub genes were selected by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and further validated by GSE14520 clinical data. Results A total of 26 up-regulated genes and 76 down-regulated genes were identified by analyzing three databases. GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that these genes were involved in cell division, metabolism-related biological processes, the p53 pathway, and the cell cycle, among others. PPI network suggested that 14 hub DEGs (TOP2A, HMMR, DTL, CCNB1, NEK2, PBK, RACGAP1, PRC1, CDK1, RRM2, ECT2, BUB1B, ANLN, and ASPM) were most dysregulated and had potential to distinguish between HBV-associated HCC and noncancerous tissues. Further survival analysis of hub genes demonstrated that high expression of TOP2A was significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes of HBV-associated HCC. Conclusions TOP2A might serve as a key gene for prognosis and as a therapeutic target for HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sha
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Radmilović Varga L, Dedić Plavetić N, Podolski P, Mijatović D, Kulić A, Vrbanec D. PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF TOPOISOMERASE 2-ALPHA AND B-MYB IN EARLY BREAST CANCER TREATED WITH ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY. Acta Clin Croat 2021; 60:16-24. [PMID: 34588717 PMCID: PMC8305358 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females. Despite its well-established prognostic factors, our prognostic ability at an individual patient level remains limited. In this study, the immunohistochemical expression of B-Myb and DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (Topo2a) was analyzed in primary tumors to identify patients with a higher risk of disease recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy for early invasive breast cancer. We analyzed a cohort of 215 early invasive breast cancer patients having undergone surgery from 2002 to 2003 at the Zagreb University Hospital Centre, including 153 patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. All of them were followed-up prospectively for at least ten years according to routine institutional practice. Statistically significant correlations were found between B-Myb and Topo2a expression levels and particular well-established prognostic factors. B-Myb expression was lower in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors (p=0.0773), whereas larger tumors and those with positive lymphovascular invasion displayed a statistically significantly higher B-Myb expression (p=0.0409 and p=0.0196). Higher tumor grade indicated higher Topo2a values (p=0.0102 and p=0.0069). The subgroup with the expression of both proteins above the median value had an almost statistically significantly (p=0.0613) inferior prognosis compared to the rest of the cohort. Study results showed the B-Myb and Topo2a expression to have a prognostic value in breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy, which should be additionally explored in future studies in a larger patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalija Dedić Plavetić
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Varaždin General Hospital, Klenovnik, Croatia; 2Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Paula Podolski
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Varaždin General Hospital, Klenovnik, Croatia; 2Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Davor Mijatović
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Varaždin General Hospital, Klenovnik, Croatia; 2Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Ana Kulić
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Varaždin General Hospital, Klenovnik, Croatia; 2Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Damir Vrbanec
- 1Department of Pulmonology, Varaždin General Hospital, Klenovnik, Croatia; 2Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 5Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
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11
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Jiang F, Wu C, Wang M, Wei K, Wang J. Identification of novel cell glycolysis related gene signature predicting survival in patients with breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3986. [PMID: 33597614 PMCID: PMC7889867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequently identified tumors and a contributing cause of death in women is breast cancer (BC). Many biomarkers associated with survival and prognosis were identified in previous studies through database mining. Nevertheless, the predictive capabilities of single-gene biomarkers are not accurate enough. Genetic signatures can be an enhanced prediction method. This research analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for the detection of a new genetic signature to predict BC prognosis. Profiling of mRNA expression was carried out in samples of patients with TCGA BC (n = 1222). Gene set enrichment research has been undertaken to classify gene sets that vary greatly between BC tissues and normal tissues. Cox models for additive hazards regression were used to classify genes that were strongly linked to overall survival. A subsequent Cox regression multivariate analysis was used to construct a predictive risk parameter model. Kaplan–Meier survival predictions and log-rank validation have been used to verify the value of risk prediction parameters. Seven genes (PGK1, CACNA1H, IL13RA1, SDC1, AK3, NUP43, SDC3) correlated with glycolysis were shown to be strongly linked to overall survival. Depending on the 7-gene-signature, 1222 BC patients were classified into subgroups of high/low-risk. Certain variables have not impaired the prognostic potential of the seven-gene signature. A seven-gene signature correlated with cellular glycolysis was developed to predict the survival of BC patients. The results include insight into cellular glycolysis mechanisms and the detection of patients with poor BC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chuyan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Plastic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jimei Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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12
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Du X, Xue Z, Lv J, Wang H. Expression of the Topoisomerase II Alpha (TOP2A) Gene in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells and the Association with Patient Outcomes. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e929120. [PMID: 33361736 PMCID: PMC7774312 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was carried out to analyze TOP2A expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and to assess its value in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Material/Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to study the relationship of TOP2A expression with the progression and prognosis of LUAD. For a further elucidation of the value of TOP2A in LUAD, the effect of TOP2A knockout on cell viability and related protein expression of LUAD cell line A549 in vitro was investigated by using RNA interference, MTT, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Results According to the results of database analysis, TOP2A expression in LUAD was higher than that in normal lung tissues. There was a strong correlation of TOP2A expression with clinicopathological and epidemiological parameters of LUAD. The survival rate of LUAD patients with high TOP2A expression was lower than that of patients with low expression (P<0.001). The expression of TOP2A in A549 cells was higher than that in Beas-2B cells. After decreased expression of TOP2A in A549 cells, the proliferation of A549 cells was downregulated and the apoptosis rate was increased. It was further verified that TOP2A low expression exerts a role in LUAD through activation of the ERK/JNK/p-P38/CHOP signaling pathway. Conclusions The findings from this study showed that TOP2A expression was upregulated in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, and this finding was supported by bioinformatics analysis. Further studies are required to determine whether TOP2A expression is a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Du
- Respiratory and Critical Care Department, Xi'an XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwen Xue
- Respiratory and Critical Care Department, Xi'an XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jianning Lv
- Respiratory and Critical Care Department, Xi'an XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Heidou Wang
- Infectious Diseases Department, The Eighth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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13
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A review of clinical and emerging biomarkers for breast cancers: towards precision medicine for patients. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396920000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women and accounts for about 25% of all new cancer cases and 13% of all cancer deaths in Canadian women. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, encompassing multiple tumour entities, each characterised by distinct morphology, behaviour and clinical implications. Moreover, different breast tumour subtypes have different risk factors, clinical presentation, histopathological features, outcome and response to systemic therapies. Therefore, any strategies capable of the stratification of breast cancer by clinically relevant subtypes are an important requirement for personalised and targeted treatment. Therefore, in the advancement towards the concept of precision medicine that takes individual patient variability into account, several investigators have focused on the identification of effective clinical breast cancer biomarkers that interrogate key aberrant pathways potentially targetable with molecular targeted or immunological therapies.Methods and materials:This paper reports on a review of 11 current clinical and emerging biomarkers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to stratify patients by disease subtype, to identify patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, to monitor patient response to specific treatment and to provide clinicians the possibility of prospectively identifying groups of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment.Conclusion:The future holds promising for the use of effective clinical breast cancer biomarkers for early detection and personalised patient-specific targeted treatment and increased patient survival. Breast cancer biomarkers can potentially assist in early-staged, non-invasive, sensitive and specific breast cancer detection and screening, provide clinically useful information for identification of patients with a greater likelihood of benefiting from the specific treatment, offer a better understanding of the metastatic process in cancer patients, predict disease and for patients with the established disease can assist define the nature of the disease, monitor the success of treatment and guide the clinical management of the disease.
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14
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Zhong W, Yang Y, Zhang A, Lin W, Liang G, Ling Y, Zhong J, Yong J, Liu Z, Tian Z, Lin Q, Luo Q, Li Y, Gong C. Prognostic and predictive value of the combination of TOP2A and HER2 in node-negative tumors 2 cm or smaller (T1N0) breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2020; 27:1147-1157. [PMID: 32780321 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of TOP2A and HER2 expression in T1N0 breast cancer patients. METHODS 299 cases with T1N0 breast cancer were obtained from the Oncomine database (Cohort 1) and 963 of T1N0 breast cancer patients from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital (Cohort 2) were retrospectively enrolled. Kaplan-Meier product was applied to estimate survival curve. Cox proportional hazard models was used to identify prognostic factors. We used PSM (propensity score matching) to balance clinicopathologic characteristics among four groups of different HER2/TOP2A status. Survival between groups and chemotherapy regimens were analyzed, before and after PSM. RESULTS In Cohort 1, we found that the group with HER2+ and higher expression of TOP2A mRNA was associated with poor breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) compared to the group of HER2- with lower expression of TOP2A mRNA. In Cohort 2, HER2+ patients with higher TOP2A protein expression had greater risk of recurrence and distant recurrence compared to HER2- patients with lower expression of TOP2A protein. Among the patients who developed both HER2+ and higher expression of TOP2A protein and received chemotherapy, patients who received an anthracycline-based regimen had a significantly better recurrence-free survival (RFS) than those with a non-anthracycline-based regime. CONCLUSION Patients with both HER2+ and high expression level of TOP2A protein predicts poor prognosis in T1N0 breast cancer patients. Patients with double positive for TOP2A protein and HER2 may benefit from anthracycline-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Dongguan City People's Hospital, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Gehao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Yong
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenluan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Jaques R, Xu S, Matsakas A. Evaluating Trastuzumab in the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1059-1075. [PMID: 32323293 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane oncoprotein HER2 is encoded by ERBB2 gene and overexpressed in around 20% of invasive breast cancers. It can be specifically targeted by Trastuzumab (Herceptin®), a humanised IgG1 antibody. Trastuzumab has been regarded as one of the most effective therapeutic drugs targeted to HER2 positive cancers. However, there are drawbacks, notably cardiotoxicity and resistance, which have raised awareness in clinical use. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of action is vital to establish improved therapeutic strategies. Here we evaluate Trastuzumab application in the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer, focusing on its mechanistic actions and clinical effectiveness. Alternative therapies targeting the HER2 receptor and its downstream anomalies will also be discussed, as these could highlight further targets that could be key to improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Jaques
- Centre for Atherothrombotic and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Sam Xu
- Centre for Atherothrombotic and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Centre for Atherothrombotic and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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16
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FISH Analysis of TOP2A and HER-2 Aberrations in Female Breast Carcinoma on Archived Material: Egyptian NCI Experience. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 27:216-222. [PMID: 28800016 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER-2 and TOP2A genes are considered of great importance in breast cancer. Their copy number variability has been proposed to be a marker for the degree of chromosomal instability. Owing to the close proximity of TOP2A gene to HER-2 gene chromosome 17, TOP2A status is believed to affect therapeutic plan. The percentage of TOP2A aberrations is greatly variable among different studies. AIM OF WORK Is to investigate the relation between TOP2A and HER-2 gene amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archival blocks of 112 breast cancer Egyptian female patients were retrieved from the pathology department at NCI, Cairo University were retrieved and investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization technique for TOP2A and HER-2 gene assessment. In addition, correlation with some clinicopathologic parameters was done. RESULTS HER-2 gene amplification was encountered in about 33% of cases. TOP2A gene amplification and deletion were detected in 23.9% and 2.8% of studied cases. Moderate agreement was obtained between results of HER-2 gene and TOP2A gene amplification. CONCLUSIONS HER-2 and TOP2A genes amplification are 2 separate genetic yet closely related events in breast cancer. Polysomy of chromosome 17 is proposed to be an early event in occurrence of TOP2A gene amplification. Further studies regarding effect of TOP2A gene in response to anthracyclines in Egyptian population should be planned for to establish its role in therapeutic planning.
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17
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Salinomycin-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030477. [PMID: 32155938 PMCID: PMC7153627 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salinomycin is an antibiotic introduced recently as a new and effective anticancer drug. In this study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were utilized as a drug carrier for salinomycin for potential use in glioblastoma (GBM) chemotherapy. The biocompatible polyethylenimine (PEI)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-IONPs (PEI-PEG-IONPs) exhibited an efficient uptake in both mouse brain-derived microvessel endothelial (bEnd.3) and human U251 GBM cell lines. The salinomycin (Sali)-loaded PEI-PEG-IONPs (Sali-PEI-PEG-IONPs) released salinomycin over 4 days, with an initial release of 44% ± 3% that increased to 66% ± 5% in acidic pH. The Sali-IONPs inhibited U251 cell proliferation and decreased their viability (by approximately 70% within 48 h), and the nanoparticles were found to be effective in reactive oxygen species-mediated GBM cell death. Gene studies revealed significant activation of caspases in U251 cells upon treatment with Sali-IONPs. Furthermore, the upregulation of tumor suppressors (i.e., p53, Rbl2, Gas5) was observed, while TopII, Ku70, CyclinD1, and Wnt1 were concomitantly downregulated. When examined in an in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB)-GBM co-culture model, Sali-IONPs had limited penetration (1.0% ± 0.08%) through the bEnd.3 monolayer and resulted in 60% viability of U251 cells. However, hyperosmotic disruption coupled with an applied external magnetic field significantly enhanced the permeability of Sali-IONPs across bEnd.3 monolayers (3.2% ± 0.1%) and reduced the viability of U251 cells to 38%. These findings suggest that Sali-IONPs combined with penetration enhancers, such as hyperosmotic mannitol and external magnetic fields, can potentially provide effective and site-specific magnetic targeting for GBM chemotherapy.
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18
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Li H, Long J, Xie F, Kang K, Shi Y, Xu W, Wu X, Lin J, Xu H, Du S, Xu Y, Zhao H, Zheng Y, Gu J. Transcriptomic analysis and identification of prognostic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1833-1842. [PMID: 31545466 PMCID: PMC6787946 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is acknowledged as the second most commonly diagnosed primary liver tumor and is associated with a poor patient prognosis. The present study aimed to explore the biological functions, signaling pathways and potential prognostic biomarkers involved in CCA through transcriptomic analysis. Based on the transcriptomic dataset of CCA from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEGs) were identified. Biological function enrichment analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, was applied. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, hub genes were identified and further verified using open-access datasets and qRT-PCR. Finally, a survival analysis was conducted. A total of 1,463 DEGs were distinguished, including 267 upregulated genes and 1,196 downregulated genes. For the GO analysis, the upregulated DEGs were enriched in ‘cadherin binding in cell-cell adhesion’, ‘extracellular matrix (ECM) organization’ and ‘cell-cell adherens junctions’. Correspondingly, the downregulated DEGs were enriched in the ‘oxidation-reduction process’, ‘extracellular exosomes’ and ‘blood microparticles’. In regards to the KEGG pathway analysis, the upregulated DEGs were enriched in ‘ECM-receptor interactions’, ‘focal adhesions’ and ‘small cell lung cancer’. The downregulated DEGs were enriched in ‘metabolic pathways’, ‘complement and coagulation cascades’ and ‘biosynthesis of antibiotics’. The PPI network suggested that CDK1 and another 20 genes were hub genes. Furthermore, survival analysis suggested that CDK1, MKI67, TOP2A and PRC1 were significantly associated with patient prognosis. These results enhance the current understanding of CCA development and provide new insight into distinguishing candidate biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Fucun Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Weiyu Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yiyao Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNIRST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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19
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An X, Xu F, Luo R, Zheng Q, Lu J, Yang Y, Qin T, Yuan Z, Shi Y, Jiang W, Wang S. The prognostic significance of topoisomerase II alpha protein in early stage luminal breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:331. [PMID: 29587760 PMCID: PMC5870251 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) protein has been shown to be a proliferation marker associated with tumor grade and Ki67 index. The prognostic effect of TOP2A seems different among different subtypes of breast cancer. The current study evaluated the prognostic impact of TOP2A protein on luminal breast cancer. METHOD Altogether 434 stage I-II luminal breast cancer patients who underwent curative surgery in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center between 2007 and 2009 were enrolled. TOP2A protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Clinical and pathological data were retrospectively collected. RESULT With a cut-off value of 30%, 127 (29.3%) patients were classified as TOP2A overexpression. TOP2A overexpression was associated with a higher tumor grade and Ki67 index. Patients with TOP2A high expression showed a significantly higher rate of distant metastasis and shorter distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) compared with patients with low TOP2A expression. The prognostic influence of TOP2A expression was more significant in years 5-8 after diagnosis, and more pronounced in stage II patients, luminal B disease, and patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone. Multivariate survival analysis revealed TOP2A overexpression was an independent fact for worse DMFS. CONCLUSION TOP2A protein showed a time dependent influence on prognosis in stage I-II luminal breast cancer, suggesting it might be a potential predictor of late recurrence for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Serrano-Gómez SJ, Sanabria-Salas MC, Garay J, Baddoo MC, Hernández-Suarez G, Mejía JC, García O, Miele L, Fejerman L, Zabaleta J. Ancestry as a potential modifier of gene expression in breast tumors from Colombian women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183179. [PMID: 28832682 PMCID: PMC5568388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hispanic/Latino populations are a genetically admixed and heterogeneous group, with variable fractions of European, Indigenous American and African ancestries. The molecular profile of breast cancer has been widely described in non-Hispanic Whites but equivalent knowledge is lacking in Hispanic/Latinas. We have previously reported that the most prevalent breast cancer intrinsic subtype in Colombian women was Luminal B as defined by St. Gallen 2013 criteria. In this study we explored ancestry-associated differences in molecular profiles of Luminal B tumors among these highly admixed women. Methods We performed whole-transcriptome RNA-seq analysis in 42 Luminal tumors (21 Luminal A and 21 Luminal B) from Colombian women. Genetic ancestry was estimated from a panel of 80 ancestry-informative markers (AIM). We categorized patients according to Luminal subtype and to the proportion of European and Indigenous American ancestry and performed differential expression analysis comparing Luminal B against Luminal A tumors according to the assigned ancestry groups. Results We found 5 genes potentially modulated by genetic ancestry: ERBB2 (log2FC = 2.367, padj<0.01), GRB7 (log2FC = 2.327, padj<0.01), GSDMB (log2FC = 1.723, padj<0.01, MIEN1 (log2FC = 2.195, padj<0.01 and ONECUT2 (log2FC = 2.204, padj<0.01). In the replication set we found a statistical significant association between ERBB2 expression with Indigenous American ancestry (p = 0.02, B = 3.11). This association was not biased by the distribution of HER2+ tumors among the groups analyzed. Conclusions Our results suggest that genetic ancestry in Hispanic/Latina women might modify ERBB2 gene expression in Luminal tumors. Further analyses are needed to confirm these findings and explore their prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia J. Serrano-Gómez
- Grupo de investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D. C, Colombia
- Programa de doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D. C, Colombia
| | | | - Jone Garay
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Melody C. Baddoo
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Hernández-Suarez
- Grupo de investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D. C, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Mejía
- Grupo de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D. C, Colombia
| | - Oscar García
- Grupo de Seno y Tejidos blandos, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D. C, Colombia
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, LSUHSC, New Orleans, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Meißner T, Mark A, Williams C, Berdel WE, Wiebe S, Kerkhoff A, Wardelmann E, Gaiser T, Müller-Tidow C, Rosenstiel P, Arnold N, Leyland-Jones B, Franke A, Stanulla M, Forster M. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patient with TP53 tumor mutation experienced 11 months progression-free survival on bortezomib monotherapy without adverse events after ending standard treatments with grade 3 adverse events. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a001677. [PMID: 28679691 PMCID: PMC5495034 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A triple-negative breast cancer patient had no hereditary BRCA1, BRCA2, or TP53 risk variants. After exhaustion of standard treatments, she underwent experimental treatments and whole-exome sequencing of tumor, blood, and a metastasis. Well-tolerated experimental bortezomib monotherapy was administered for a progression-free period of 11 mo. After progression, treatments were changed and the exome data were evaluated, expanded with RNA and exome sequencing of a late-stage metastasis. In the final stage, eribulin alone and in combination with anthracyclines were administered. While suffering from grade 3 adverse events, skin metastases progressed. She lived 51 mo after initial diagnosis.Toxicity from anthracyclines and cisplatin may have been due to associated germline variants CBR3 C4Y and V224M and GSTP1 I105V, respectively. Somatic mutations predicted or reported as pathogenic were detected in 38 genes in tumor tissues. All tumor samples harbored the heterozygous TP53 Y220C variant, known to destabilize p53 and down-regulate p53-mediated apoptosis. The success of bortezomib may be explained by the previously reported up-regulation of caspase-mediated apoptosis, which is p53-independent. Phylogenetic analysis of blood, primary tumor, and two metastases inferred an ancestral tumor cell with 12 expressed tumor mutations from which all three tumors may have evolved.Although our first urgent analysis could only include 40 genes, postmortem analysis uncovered the aggressiveness and suggested experimental therapies including 16 actionable targets, partly validated by immunohistochemistry. Exome and transcriptome analyses yielded comprehensive therapy-relevant information and should be considered for patients at first diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meißner
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Adam Mark
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Casey Williams
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wiebe
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrea Kerkhoff
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Halle (Saale), D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Brian Leyland-Jones
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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22
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Chen JR, Chien HP, Chen KS, Hwang CC, Chen HY, Yeh KY, Hsieh TY, Chang LC, Hsu YC, Lu RJ, Hua CC. Amplification of HER2 and TOP2A and deletion of TOP2A genes in a series of Taiwanese breast cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5582. [PMID: 28079792 PMCID: PMC5266154 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic relevance of topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) copy number change remains not well established. This study is aimed to investigate the frequency and pattern of TOP2A aberrations; to correlate TOP2A alterations with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and clinicopathological parameters, and further to explore prognostic value of TOP2A and HER2 status in breast cancer in Taiwan. METHODS We analyzed tissue samples from 311 invasive carcinomas in tissue microarrays for TOP2A and HER2 status by fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS TOP2A copy number change is an infrequent genetic event (9.8% amplification and 2.7% deletion) and is present in both HER2-amplified and nonamplified tumors. TOP2A amplification is statistically associated with age >50 at diagnosis (P = 0.016) and HER2 amplification (P < 0.001). HER2 amplification, but not TOP2A amplification, is a predictor of unfavorable prognosis (P = 0.002). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that higher histologic grading, positive nodal involvement, and HER2 positivity were associated with poorer overall survival. Cytogenetically, double minutes-type amplification is the predominant pattern for both genes (HER2: 64% and TOP2A: 93.1%). Homogeneous staining region-type signals of both genes are resistant to RNase digestion, supporting that these were not nuclear accumulation of mRNA transcripts. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the prognostic value of tumor grading, nodal involvement, and HER2 status in Taiwanese breast cancer. TOP2A aberrations are an infrequent event independent of HER2 status, and TOP2A amplification carries no prognostic value. The predictive value of TOP2A aberrations in patients of breast cancer taking athracycline-containing treatment in Taiwan remains to be determined in prospectively well-designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim-Ray Chen
- Department of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Chien
- Department of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Su Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Medicine Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Cheng Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yang Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yan Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Che Chang
- Department of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chun Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jie Lu
- Department of Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Hua
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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23
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Zheng H, Li X, Chen C, Chen J, Sun J, Sun S, Jin L, Li J, Sun S, Wu X. Quantum dot-based immunofluorescent imaging and quantitative detection of TOP2A and prognostic value in triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5519-5529. [PMID: 27799773 PMCID: PMC5085300 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topoisomerase 2 alpha (TOP2A) is a key enzyme in DNA replication and a target of various cytotoxic agents including anthracyclines. Previous studies evaluating the predictive and prognostic values of TOP2A in breast cancer are contradictory, likely secondary to the use of both different detection methods and different cutoff thresholds for positive status. Our own studies have previously confirmed the advantages of quantum dot-based nanotechnology for quantitative analysis of biomarkers relative to conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC). This study was designed to 1) assess the expression of TOP2A, 2) investigate the relationship between TOP2A expression and major clinical pathological parameters, and 3) evaluate the prognostic value of TOP2A by quantum dot-based immunofluorescent imaging and quantitative analytical system (QD-IIQAS) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients and methods TOP2A expression in 145 TNBC specimens was detected using IHC and QD-IIQAS, and a comparative analysis of the two methods was conducted, including an exploration of the relationship between TOP2A expression and major clinical pathological parameters in TNBC. The prognostic value of TOP2A in TNBC was assessed. Results A similar antigen localization, a high correlation of staining rates (r=0.79), and a high agreement of measurements (κ=0.763) of TOP2A expression in TNBC were found by QD-IIQAS and conventional IHC (cutoff: 45.0 and 0.45, respectively). TOP2A was significantly higher in larger tumors (P=0.002), higher grade tumors (P=0.005), and lymph node positive patients (P<0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival (5-DFS) of the high and low TOP2A subgroups was significantly different for both QD-IIQAS and IHC (P<0.001, log-rank test for both). TOP2A expression was an independent predictor of survival in TNBC (P=0.001). Conclusion QD-IIQAS was an easy and accurate method for detecting and assessing TOP2A. The TOP2A expression was an independent prognostic indicator of 5-DFS in TNBC. Our study provides a good foundation for future studies exploring the relationship between TOP2A expression and response to anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital
| | - Jinzhong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital
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24
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Llovet P, Sastre J, Ortega JS, Bando I, Ferrer M, García-Alfonso P, Donnay O, Carrato A, Jiménez A, Aranda E, León A, Grávalos C, Cámara JC, Feliú J, Sanchíz B, Caldés T, Díaz-Rubio E. Prognostic Value of BRAF, PI3K, PTEN, EGFR Copy Number, Amphiregulin and Epiregulin Status in Patients with KRAS Codon 12 Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy with Anti-EGFR Therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 19:397-408. [PMID: 26341080 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-015-0165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutational analysis of RAS is required for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, most patients with KRAS wild-type tumors still do not respond. Other molecules downstream of the EGFR may also play a role in resistance to EGFR therapies. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the clinical importance of biomarkers in relation to response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with mCRC receiving first-line treatment with anti-EGFR therapy plus chemotherapy. METHODS We studied the EGFR pathway [EGFR, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), amphiregulin (AREG), and epiregulin (EREG)] in 105 patients with mCRC KRAS codon 12 wild type. We analysed objective response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in molecularly defined subgroups of the patients receiving anti-EGFR therapy plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment. RESULTS We found a significant association between RAS wild-type, BRAF wild-type, EREG, and AREG overexpression and response to anti-EGFR therapy (p = 0.003, p = 0.015, p = 0.05, and p = 0.009, respectively). Progression-free survival and overall survival were lower in patients with RAS (p = 0.36 and p ≤ 0.001, respectively) or BRAF (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively) mutant tumors. Patients with EREG and AREG messenger RNA (mRNA) expression had longer survival than those with low-expression tumors; progression-free survival and overall survival were significant for AREG (p = 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively). Patients with EGFR amplification tumors responded better to treatment and had better survival rates, although this was not significant. PIK3CA and PTEN were not associated with either response or survival. The multivariate logistic regression model for response showed only BRAF as a significant predictor after adjustment for the other covariates (p = 0.04, odds ratio 8.3, 95 % confidence interval 0.81-86.0). CONCLUSIONS RAS, BRAF, AREG, and EREG predict for efficacy of first-line anti-EGFR therapy in patients with mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Llovet
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sastre
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, c/ Martin Lagos s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Bando
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Ferrer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olga Donnay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital La Princesa, La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana León
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Grávalos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Feliú
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Sanchíz
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, c/ Martin Lagos s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Díaz-Rubio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, c/ Martin Lagos s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Li J, Bushel PR. EPIG-Seq: extracting patterns and identifying co-expressed genes from RNA-Seq data. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:255. [PMID: 27004791 PMCID: PMC4804494 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) measures genome-wide gene expression. RNA-Seq data is count-based rendering normal distribution models for analysis inappropriate. Normalization of RNA-Seq data to transform the data has limitations which can adversely impact the analysis. Furthermore, there are a few count-based methods for analysis of RNA-Seq data but they are essentially for pairwise analysis of treatment groups or multiclasses but not pattern-based to identify co-expressed genes. Results We adapted our extracting patterns and identifying genes methodology for RNA-Seq (EPIG-Seq) count data. The software uses count-based correlation to measure similarity between genes, quasi-Poisson modelling to estimate dispersion in the data and a location parameter to indicate magnitude of differential expression. EPIG-Seq is different than any other software currently available for pattern analysis of RNA-Seq data in that EPIG-Seq 1) uses count level data and supports cases of inflated zeros, 2) identifies statistically significant clusters of genes that are co-expressed across experimental conditions, 3) takes into account dispersion in the replicate data and 4) provides reliable results even with small sample sizes. EPIG-Seq operates in two steps: 1) extract the pattern profiles from data as seeds for clustering co-expressed genes and 2) cluster the genes to the pattern seeds and compute statistical significance of the pattern of co-expressed genes. EPIG-Seq provides a table of the genes with bootstrapped p-values and profile plots of the patterns of co-expressed genes. In addition, EPIG-Seq provides a heat map and principal component dimension reduction plot of the clustered genes as visual aids. We demonstrate the utility of EPIG-Seq through the analysis of toxicogenomics and cancer data sets to identify biologically relevant co-expressed genes. EPIG-Seq is available at: sourceforge.net/projects/epig-seq. Conclusions EPIG-Seq is unlike any other software currently available for pattern analysis of RNA-Seq count level data across experimental groups. Using the EPIG-Seq software to analyze RNA-Seq count data across biological conditions permits the ability to extract biologically meaningful co-expressed genes associated with coordinated regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2584-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,Microarray and Genome Informatics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,Kelly Government Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Pierre R Bushel
- Microarray and Genome Informatics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA. .,Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Gee HE, Buffa FM, Harris AL, Toohey JM, Carroll SL, Cooper CL, Beith J, McNeil C, Carmalt H, Mak C, Warrier S, Holliday A, Selinger C, Beckers R, Kennedy C, Graham P, Swarbrick A, Millar EKA, O'Toole SA, Molloy T. MicroRNA-Related DNA Repair/Cell-Cycle Genes Independently Associated With Relapse After Radiation Therapy for Early Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:1104-14. [PMID: 26581147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Local recurrence and distant failure after adjuvant radiation therapy for breast cancer remain significant clinical problems, incompletely predicted by conventional clinicopathologic markers. We had previously identified microRNA-139-5p and microRNA-1274a as key regulators of breast cancer radiation response in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate standard clinicopathologic markers of local recurrence in a contemporary series and to establish whether putative target genes of microRNAs involved in DNA repair and cell cycle control could better predict radiation therapy response in vivo. METHODS AND MATERIALS With institutional ethics board approval, local recurrence was measured in a contemporary, prospectively collected series of 458 patients treated with radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery. Additionally, independent publicly available mRNA/microRNA microarray expression datasets totaling >1000 early-stage breast cancer patients, treated with adjuvant radiation therapy, with >10 years of follow-up, were analyzed. The expression of putative microRNA target biomarkers--TOP2A, POLQ, RAD54L, SKP2, PLK2, and RAG1--were correlated with standard clinicopathologic variables using 2-sided nonparametric tests, and to local/distant relapse and survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS We found a low rate of isolated local recurrence (1.95%) in our modern series, and that few clinicopathologic variables (such as lymphovascular invasion) were significantly predictive. In multiple independent datasets (n>1000), however, high expression of RAD54L, TOP2A, POLQ, and SKP2 significantly correlated with local recurrence, survival, or both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P<.001). Low RAG1 expression significantly correlated with local recurrence (multivariate, P=.008). Additionally, RAD54L, SKP2, and PLK2 may be predictive, being prognostic in radiation therapy-treated patients but not in untreated matched control individuals (n=107; P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of DNA repair and cell cycle control can identify patients at high risk of treatment failure in those receiving radiation therapy for early breast cancer in independent cohorts. These should be further investigated prospectively, especially TOP2A and SKP2, for which targeted therapies are available.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- DNA Repair
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics
- DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Genes, cdc
- Genetic Markers
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- MicroRNAs
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
- Prospective Studies
- Radiation Tolerance/genetics
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins/genetics
- S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- DNA Polymerase theta
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet E Gee
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanne M Toohey
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan L Carroll
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Caroline L Cooper
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Beith
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Catriona McNeil
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh Carmalt
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy Mak
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Warrier
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Holliday
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Selinger
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Beckers
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Kennedy
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewan K A Millar
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, South Eastern Area Laboratory Service, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra A O'Toole
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Molloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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Sharan RN, Vaiphei ST, Nongrum S, Keppen J, Ksoo M. Consensus reference gene(s) for gene expression studies in human cancers: end of the tunnel visible? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:419-31. [PMID: 26384826 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression studies are increasingly used to provide valuable information on the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. Also, for in vitro and in vivo experimental cancer models gene expression studies are widely used. The complex algorithms of differential gene expression analyses require normalization of data against a reference or normalizer gene, or a set of such genes. For this purpose, mostly invariant housekeeping genes are used. Unfortunately, however, there are no consensus (housekeeping) genes that serve as reference or normalizer for different human cancers. In fact, scientists have employed a wide range of reference genes across different types of cancer for normalization of gene expression data. As a consequence, comparisons of these data and/or data harmonizations are difficult to perform and challenging. In addition, an inadequate choice for a reference gene may obscure genuine changes and/or result in erroneous gene expression data comparisons. METHODS In our effort to highlight the importance of selecting the most appropriate reference gene(s), we have screened the literature for gene expression studies published since the turn of the century on thirteen of the most prevalent human cancers worldwide. CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of the data at hand, we firstly recommend that in each study the suitability of candidate reference gene(s) should carefully be evaluated in order to yield reliable differential gene expression data. Secondly, we recommend that a combination of PPIA and either GAPDH, ACTB, HPRT and TBP, or appropriate combinations of two or three of these genes, should be employed in future studies, to ensure that results from different studies on different human cancers can be harmonized. This approach will ultimately increase the depth of our understanding of gene expression signatures across human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India.
| | - S Thangminlal Vaiphei
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Saibadaiahun Nongrum
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Joshua Keppen
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Mandahakani Ksoo
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
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Zhao Y, Dong X, Li R, Ma X, Song J, Li Y, Zhang D. Evaluation of the pathological response and prognosis following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1511-21. [PMID: 26150728 PMCID: PMC4480585 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s83243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathological complete response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer correlates with the prognosis for survival. Tumors may have different prognoses according to their molecular subtypes. This study was performed to evaluate the relevance of the pathological response and prognosis following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. METHODS A consecutive series of 88 patients with operable breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed. Patients were classified into four molecular subtypes based on the immunohistochemistry profile of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki-67. The histological response was assessed according to Miller-Payne grading (MPG) and Residual Disease in Breast and Nodes (RDBN). RESULTS Ten patients (11.4%) achieved a pathological complete response, assessed according to RDBN. The pathological complete response rate was 13.6% according to MPG. Patients with the triple-negative subtype were more likely to achieve a pathological complete response than those with luminal A breast cancer (P=0.03). MPG and RDBN are independent predictors of distant disease-free survival and local recurrence-free survival, but do not predict overall survival. Ki-67, size of invasive carcinoma, lymph nodes, molecular subtypes, MPG, and RDBN are important predictors of distant disease-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and overall survival. CONCLUSION MPG and RDBN were similarly related to the patient's prognosis. MPG was more suitable for evaluation of distant disease-free survival, and RDBN was more suitable for evaluation of local recurrence-free survival. Survival following neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlated with the pathological reaction rather than the molecular subtype of breast cancer. The molecular subtype of breast cancer was not correlated with pathological response in patients who did not achieve a pathological complete response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongguo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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29
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Qiao JH, Jiao DC, Lu ZD, Yang S, Liu ZZ. Clinical significance of topoisomerase 2A expression and gene change in operable invasive breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6833-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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30
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Romero A, García-García F, López-Perolio I, Ruiz de Garibay G, García-Sáenz JA, Garre P, Ayllón P, Benito E, Dopazo J, Díaz-Rubio E, Caldés T, de la Hoya M. BRCA1 Alternative splicing landscape in breast tissue samples. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:219. [PMID: 25884417 PMCID: PMC4393587 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1 is a key protein in cell network, involved in DNA repair pathways and cell cycle. Recently, the ENIGMA consortium has reported a high number of alternative splicing (AS) events at this locus in blood-derived samples. However, BRCA1 splicing pattern in breast tissue samples is unknown. Here, we provide an accurate description of BRCA1 splicing events distribution in breast tissue samples. Methods BRCA1 splicing events were scanned in 70 breast tumor samples, 4 breast samples from healthy individuals and in 72 blood-derived samples by capillary electrophoresis (capillary EP). Molecular subtype was identified in all tumor samples. Splicing events were considered predominant if their relative expression level was at least the 10% of the full-length reference signal. Results 54 BRCA1 AS events were identified, 27 of them were annotated as predominant in at least one sample. Δ5q, Δ13, Δ9, Δ5 and ▼1aA were significantly more frequently annotated as predominant in breast tumor samples than in blood-derived samples. Predominant splicing events were, on average, more frequent in tumor samples than in normal breast tissue samples (P = 0.010). Similarly, likely inactivating splicing events (PTC-NMDs, Non-Coding, Δ5 and Δ18) were more frequently annotated as predominant in tumor than in normal breast samples (P = 0.020), whereas there were no significant differences for other splicing events (No-Fs) frequency distribution between tumor and normal breast samples (P = 0.689). Conclusions Our results complement recent findings by the ENIGMA consortium, demonstrating that BRCA1 AS, despite its tremendous complexity, is similar in breast and blood samples, with no evidences for tissue specific AS events. Further on, we conclude that somatic inactivation of BRCA1 through spliciogenic mutations is, at best, a rare mechanism in breast carcinogenesis, albeit our data detects an excess of likely inactivating AS events in breast tumor samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1145-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atocha Romero
- Molecular Oncology Laboratoy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos. Center affiliated to the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
| | - Francisco García-García
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
| | - Irene López-Perolio
- Molecular Oncology Laboratoy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos. Center affiliated to the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
| | - Gorka Ruiz de Garibay
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain. .,Medical Oncology Department. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Department of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Garre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratoy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos. Center affiliated to the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ayllón
- Molecular Oncology Laboratoy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos. Center affiliated to the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
| | - Esperanza Benito
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain. .,Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain. .,Functional Genomics Node, INB, CIPF, Valencia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Díaz-Rubio
- Molecular Oncology Laboratoy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos. Center affiliated to the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain. .,Medical Oncology Department. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Department of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratoy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos. Center affiliated to the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratoy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos. Center affiliated to the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0036/006), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivy, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
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Dwina Y, Kodariah R, Hardjolukito ES. Identification of pathogenesis pathway in basal-like breast cancer based on mutant p53 protein and topoisomerase-IIα expression. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2015. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v23i4.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Basal-like breast cancer is difficult to treat with standard regimen therapy, because it doesn’t express hormone receptors or epidermal growth factor receptors. Identification of oncogenesis pathway is expected to find molecules which can be used as target for therapy. One candidate molecule is topoisomerase-IIα whose expression is regulated by p53. This study aimed to compare the expression of mutant p53 proteins and topoisomerase IIα in basal-like and non basal-like breast cancer, and to determine the association between mutant p53 proteins and topoisomerase IIα in basal-like group.Methods: The samples were 40 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues from verified triple negative breast cancer tissue. The samples were divided into 2 groups, basal-like and non basal-like breast cancer, based on cytokeratin - 5 (CK-5) expression. Mutant p53 proteins and topoisomerase IIα were stained using immunohistochemistry method, scored and compared. Statistical test used SPSS software version 16 for descriptive statistics, kappa test, normality test, comparison of two mean, and categorical comparison.Results: Median (min-max) of mutant p53 protein expression in basal-like group was 21 (0-100), the non basal-like group was 2 (0-80), p = 0.061. Min-max of topoisomerase IIα in basal-like group was 263 (15-492), non basal-like group was 262 (0-481), p = 0.409. There was an association between mutant p53 positivity with breast cancer subtype (p = 0.027) and between mutant p53-topoisomerase IIα coexpression with breast cancer subtype (p = 0.018).Conclusion: Co-expression of mutant p53 with topoisomerase IIα has the role in one of the pathway of basal-like breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Almeida D, Gerhard R, Leitão D, Davilla C, Damasceno M, Schmitt F. Topoisomerase II-alfa gene as a predictive marker of response to anthracyclines in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:675-9. [PMID: 25042383 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amplification or deletion of the topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) gene in breast cancer has been related with responsiveness to anthracyclines-based chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of TOP2A gene for the efficacy of neo-adjuvant anthracycline in a population with locally advanced breast cancer. Sixty-two patients were included, and the status of TOP2A gene was determined by in situ hybridization method. Treatment efficacy was determined by clinical and pathological response and overall survival. TOP2A gene alterations were found in 22.6% (21.0% of cases with amplification and 1.6% with deletion), and these tumors were biologically more aggressive, with higher nuclear grade, more frequently with HER2 amplification and inflammatory type. Also in these tumors response to chemotherapy appeared to be increased. There was a higher clinical and pathological response rate (complete pathological response of 21.4% vs. 8.3%), a trend toward longer progression-free survival (82.51 vs. 63.12 months) and a trend to increased overall survival (92.08 months; 95% CI 82.81-101.35 vs. 73.40 months; 95% CI 63.44-83.36; p=0.113). These results corroborate that the TOP2A gene alterations may play an important role in determining anthracycline sensitivity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Almeida
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renê Gerhard
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dina Leitão
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Davilla
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Damasceno
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Abstract
Aims The clinical significance of TOP2A as a prognostic marker has not been clarified. The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of TOP2A copy number change; to correlate TOP2A with HER2 status, hormone receptor (HR) status and molecular subtype, and further to explore differences in breast cancer-specific survival according to TOP2A and HER2. Methods In this study, TOP2A, HER2 and chromosome 17 copy number were assessed in 670 cases of breast cancer using in situ hybridisation techniques. Gene to chromosome ratios ≥2 were classified as amplification. TOP2A deletion (gene to chromosome ratio ≤0.8) or monosomy (only one signal for both gene and chromosome in more than 75% of nuclei) were classified as gene loss. Results A strong association between TOP2A change and HR and HER2 status was found. During the first 5 years after diagnosis, the risk of death from breast cancer was significantly higher for cases with HER2 amplification irrespective of TOP2A status. Conclusions TOP2A copy number change was strongly associated with HR and HER2 status and as a prognostic marker TOP2A is probably of limited value.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Engstrøm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, , Trondheim, Norway
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García-Caballero T, Prieto O, Vázquez-Boquete Á, Gude F, Viaño P, Otero M, Curiel T, Fernández-Rodríguez B, Parrado C, Fraga M, Antúnez JR. Dual-colour CISH is a reliable alternative to FISH for assessment of topoisomerase 2-alpha amplification in breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 143:81-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Le Du F, Ueno NT, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. Breast Cancer Biomarkers: Utility in Clinical Practice. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2013; 5. [PMID: 24416469 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-013-0125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. For the past decades, new technical tools have been developed for biomarkers at the DNA, RNA and protein levels to better understand the biology of breast cancer. This progress is essential to classify the disease into clinically relevant subtypes, which may lead to new therapeutic opportunities. Novel biomarker development is paramount to deliver personalized cancer therapies. Further, tumor evolution, being natural or under treatment pressure, should be monitored and "liquid biopsies" by detecting circulating tumor cells or circulating free tumor DNA in blood samples will become an important option. This paper reviews the new generation of biomarkers and the current evidence to demonstrate their analytical validity, clinical validity and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Le Du
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Medical Oncology, Eugène Marquis Cancer Center, Rennes, France
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana M Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Concurrent inhibition of enzymatic activity and NF-Y-mediated transcription of Topoisomerase-IIα by bis-DemethoxyCurcumin in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e756. [PMID: 23928695 PMCID: PMC3763449 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerases-IIα (TOP2A) enzyme is essential for cell viability due to its fundamental role in DNA metabolism and in chromatin organization during interphase and mitosis. TOP2A expression is finely regulated at the transcriptional level through the binding of the CCAAT-transcription factor NF-Y to its promoter. Overexpression and/or amplification of TOP2A have been observed in many types of cancers. For this reason, TOP2A is the target of the most widely successful drugs in cancer chemotherapy, such as TOP2A poisons, which stabilize TOP2A-DNA cleavage complexes and create DSBs, leading to chromosome damage and cell death. We previously reported that the Curcumin-derivative bis-DemethoxyCurcumin (bDMC) is an anti-proliferative agent that inhibits cell growth by concomitant G1/S and G2/M arrest. Here we showed that bDMC irreversibly induces DSBs in cancer cells, but not in normal cells, by targeting TOP2A activity and expression. TOP2A ablation by siRNA corroborates its contribution to apoptosis induced by bDMC. Short-term exposure to bDMC induces retention of TOP2A-DNA intermediates, while longer exposure inhibits TOP2A transcription by affecting expression and sub-cellular localization of NF-Y subunits. ChIP analysis highlighted reduced recruitment of NF-Y to TOP2A regulatory regions, concomitantly to histone deacetylation and decreased gene transcription. Our findings suggest that the dual activity of bDMC on TOP2A represents a novel therapeutic strategy to induce persistent apoptosis in cancer cells and identify NF-Y regulation as a promising approach in anti-cancer therapy.
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37
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Assignment of tumor subtype by genomic testing and pathologic-based approximations: implications on patient's management and therapy selection. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:386-94. [PMID: 23907291 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer subtypes can be identified by genomic testing or pathology-based approximations. However, these classifications are not equivalent and the clinical relevance of both classifications needs to be fully explored. METHODS Ninety-four patients were randomized to neoadjuvant single agent doxorubicin or docetaxel. Tumor subtype was assessed by pathology-based classification and by gene expression using the PAM50 plus the claudin-low predictor (CLP). Kappa Cohen's coefficient (κ) was used to test the agreement between methods. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to determine the significance of each methodology in the prediction of prognosis. Likelihood ratio statistics of both classifications were evaluated. RESULTS The agreement between pathology-based classification and PAM50 was moderate [κ = 0.551, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 0.467-0.641]. Tumor subtype assessed by both classifications were prognostic for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (P < 0.05). However, PAM50 + CLP provided more prognostic information, in terms of OS, than the pathology-based classification (P < 0.05). Patients with triple negative tumors as well as basal-like tumors had worse OS when first treated with doxorubicin (HR = 5.98, 95 % CI 1.25-28.67, and HR = 5.02, 95 % CI 0.96-26.38, respectively). However, claudin-low tumors did not show significant differences in OS according to neoadjuvant treatment branch. Indeed, we found that claudin-low tumors treated with pre-operative doxorubicin had significantly better OS than basal-like tumors treated with neoadjuvant doxorubicin (adjusted HR = 0.16, 95 % CI 0.04-0.69, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS The assignment of tumor subtype can differ depending on the methodology, which might have implications on patient's management and therapy selection.
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Xu CY, Jiang ZN, Zhou Y, Li JJ, Huang LM. Estrogen Receptor α Roles in Breast Cancer Chemoresistance. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:4049-52. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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TOP2A overexpression as a poor prognostic factor in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:179-87. [PMID: 23897556 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in diagnostic imaging and treatment modalities, the risk stratification and final outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) still remain suboptimal. Through data mining from published transcriptomic database, topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) was first identified as a differentially upregulated gene in NPC tissues, which implicates cell division via selective cleavage, rearrangement, and re-ligation of DNA strands. Given the roles of TOP2A in prognostication and in the frontline therapeutic regimen of common carcinomas, such as breast cancer, we explored TOP2A immunoexpression status and its associations with clinicopathological variables and survival in a well-defined cohort of NPC patients. TOP2A immunohistochemistry was retrospectively performed and analyzed using H-score method for biopsy specimens from 124 NPC patients who received standard treatment without distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Those cases with H-score larger than the median value were construed as featuring TOP2A overexpression. The findings were correlated with the clinicopathological variables, disease-specific survival (DSS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). TOP2A overexpression was significantly associated with American Joint of Cancer Committee (AJCC) stages III-IV (p = 0.019) and univariately predictive of adverse outcomes for DSS (p = 0.0078) and DMFS (p = 0.0003). In the multivariate comparison, TOP2A overexpression remained prognostically independent to portend worse DSS (p = 0.047, hazard ratio = 1.732) and DMFS (p = 0.003, hazard ratio = 2.569), together with advanced AJCC stages III-IV. TOP2A expression is upregulated in a subset of NPCs and its increased immunoexpression significantly correlated with advanced stages and tumor aggressiveness, justifying the potentiality of TOP2A as a prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target of NPC.
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Nguyen A, Lasthaus C, Guerin E, Marcellin L, Pencreach E, Gaub MP, Guenot D, Entz-Werle N. Role of Topoisomerases in Pediatric High Grade Osteosarcomas: TOP2A Gene Is One of the Unique Molecular Biomarkers of Chemoresponse. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:662-75. [PMID: 24216996 PMCID: PMC3730327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of pediatric high-grade osteosarcomas systematically includes one topoisomerase IIα inhibitor. This chemotherapy is usually adapted to the response to the neo-adjuvant therapy after surgery. The current and unique marker of chemoresponsiveness is the percentage of viable residual cells in the surgical resection. This late patient management marker has to be evaluated earlier in the therapeutic history of the patients on initial biopsy. Therefore, new biomarkers, especially those involved in the topoisomerase IIα inhibitor response might be good candidates. Therefore, our study was designed to target TOP1, TOP2A and TOP2B genes in 105 fresh-frozen diagnostic biopsies by allelotyping and real-time quantitative PCR. Our analyses in those pediatric osteosarcomas, homogeneously treated, highlighted the frequent involvement of topo-isomerase genes. The main and most important observation was the statistical link between the presence of TOP2A amplification and the good response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Compared to adult cancers, the 17q21 amplicon, including TOP2A and ERBB2 genes, seems to be differentially implicated in the osteosarcoma chemoresponsiveness. Surprisingly, there is no ERBB2 gene co-amplification and the patients harboring TOP2A amplification tend to show a worse survival, so TOP2A analyses remain a preliminary, but a good molecular approach for the evaluation at diagnosis of pediatric osteosarcoma chemoresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France; E-Mails: (A.N.); (C.L.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (M.-P.G.); (D.G.)
- EA4438, Groupe Marqueurs Moléculaires de Progression Tumorale et de Sensibilisation aux Drogues Anti-Cancéreuses, University of Strasbourg, 3 Avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Christelle Lasthaus
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France; E-Mails: (A.N.); (C.L.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (M.-P.G.); (D.G.)
- EA4438, Groupe Marqueurs Moléculaires de Progression Tumorale et de Sensibilisation aux Drogues Anti-Cancéreuses, University of Strasbourg, 3 Avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Eric Guerin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France; E-Mails: (A.N.); (C.L.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (M.-P.G.); (D.G.)
- EA4438, Groupe Marqueurs Moléculaires de Progression Tumorale et de Sensibilisation aux Drogues Anti-Cancéreuses, University of Strasbourg, 3 Avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Luc Marcellin
- Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologique, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France; E-Mail:
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France; E-Mails: (A.N.); (C.L.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (M.-P.G.); (D.G.)
- EA4438, Groupe Marqueurs Moléculaires de Progression Tumorale et de Sensibilisation aux Drogues Anti-Cancéreuses, University of Strasbourg, 3 Avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaub
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France; E-Mails: (A.N.); (C.L.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (M.-P.G.); (D.G.)
- EA4438, Groupe Marqueurs Moléculaires de Progression Tumorale et de Sensibilisation aux Drogues Anti-Cancéreuses, University of Strasbourg, 3 Avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Dominique Guenot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France; E-Mails: (A.N.); (C.L.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (M.-P.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France; E-Mails: (A.N.); (C.L.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (M.-P.G.); (D.G.)
- Service de Pédiatrie Onco-Hématologie, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, Strasbourg Cedex 67098, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-3-88-12-80-91; Fax: +33-3-88-12-75-39
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The HER2 amplicon in breast cancer: Topoisomerase IIA and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:146-57. [PMID: 23628726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HER2 gene amplification is observed in about 15% of breast cancers. The subgroup of HER2-positive breast cancers appears to be heterogeneous and presents complex patterns of gene amplification at the locus on chromosome 17q12-21. The molecular variations within the chromosome 17q amplicon and their clinical implications remain largely unknown. Besides the well-known TOP2A gene encoding Topoisomerase IIA, other genes might also be amplified and could play functional roles in breast cancer development and progression. This review will focus on the current knowledge concerning the HER2 amplicon heterogeneity, its clinical and biological impact and the pitfalls associated with the evaluation of gene amplifications at this locus, with particular attention to TOP2A and the link between TOP2A and anthracycline benefit. In addition it will discuss the clinical and biological implications of the amplification of ten other genes at this locus (MED1, STARD3, GRB7, THRA, RARA, IGFPB4, CCR7, KRT20, KRT19 and GAST) in breast cancer.
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42
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A review of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with emphasis on its molecular and genetic characteristics. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:301-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Boyle DP, Mullan P, Salto-Tellez M. Molecular mapping the presence of druggable targets in preinvasive and precursor breast lesions: a comprehensive review of biomarkers related to therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1835:230-42. [PMID: 23403165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of clinical breast samples using biomarkers is integral to current breast cancer management. Currently, a limited number of targeted therapies are standard of care in breast cancer treatment. However, these targeted therapies are only suitable for a subset of patients and resistance may occur. Strategies to prevent the occurrence of invasive lesions are required to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the development of cancer. In theory, application of targeted therapies to pre-invasive lesions will prevent their progression to invasive lesions with full malignant potential. The diagnostic challenge for pathologists is to make interpretative decisions on early detected pre-invasive lesions. Overall, only a small proportion of these pre-invasive lesions will progress to invasive carcinoma and morphological assessment is an imprecise and subjective means to differentiate histologically identical lesions with varying malignant potential. Therefore differential biomarker analysis in pre-invasive lesions may prevent overtreatment with surgery and provide a predictive indicator of response to therapy. There follows a review of established and emerging potential druggable targets in pre-invasive lesions and correlation with lesion morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Boyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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44
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Romero A, García-Sáenz JA, Fuentes-Ferrer M, López Garcia-Asenjo JA, Furió V, Román JM, Moreno A, de la Hoya M, Díaz-Rubio E, Martín M, Caldés T. Correlation between response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival in locally advanced breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2012; 24:655-61. [PMID: 23104719 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy that accurately predicts long-term survival in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is an essential requirement for clinical trials development. Several methods to assess tumor response have been described. However, the agreement between methods and correlation with survival in independent cohorts has not been reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report survival and tumor response according to the measurement of residual breast cancer burden (RCB), the Miller and Payne classification and the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, in 151 LABC patients. Kappa Cohen's coefficient (К) was used to test the agreement between methods. We assessed the correlation between the treatment outcome and overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) by calculating Harrell's C-statistic (c). RESULTS The agreement between Miller and Payne classification and RCB classes was very high (К = 0.82). In contrast, we found a moderate-to-fair agreement between the Miller and Payne classification and RECIST criteria (К = 0.52) and RCB classes and RECIST criteria (К = 0.38). The adjusted C-statistic to predict OS for RCB index (0.77) and RCB classes (0.75) was superior to that of RECIST criteria (0.69) (P = 0.007 and P = 0.035, respectively). Also, RCB index (c = 0.71), RCB classes (c = 0.71) and Miller and Payne classification (c = 0.67) predicted better RFS than RECIST criteria (c = 0.61) (P = 0.005, P = 0.006 and P = 0.028, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The pathological assessment of tumor response might provide stronger prognostic information in LABC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid
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Zaczek AJ, Markiewicz A, Seroczynska B, Skokowski J, Jaskiewicz J, Pienkowski T, Olszewski WP, Szade J, Rhone P, Welnicka-Jaskiewicz M, Jassem J. Prognostic significance of TOP2A gene dosage in HER-2-negative breast cancer. Oncologist 2012; 17:1246-55. [PMID: 22871798 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed the prognostic and predictive impact of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) gene alterations analyzed separately and jointly with topoisomerase II α (TOP2A) gene alterations; however, the role of TOP2A gene abnormalities alone has not been thoroughly investigated. Additionally, TOP2A aberrations were typically studied in HER-2-positive (HER-2(+)) tumors because these genes are frequently coamplified. Therefore, the knowledge concerning the impact of TOP2A abnormalities in HER-2-negative (HER-2(-)) patients is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of TOP2A anomalies in breast cancer patients with HER-2(-) and HER-2(+) tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Snap-frozen tumor samples from 322 consecutive stage I-III breast cancer patients were analyzed for TOP2A gene dosage using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS A high TOP2A gene dosage was found in 94 tumors (29%)-32% and 27% of HER-2(+) and HER-2(-) tumors, respectively. The mean TOP2A gene dosages in the HER-2(+) and HER-2(-) groups were 1.49 ± 1.03 and 1.09 ± 0.35, respectively. High TOP2A gene dosage had an inverse prognostic impact in terms of shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) times in the entire group and in both the HER-2(-) and HER-2(+) subgroups. The unfavorable prognostic impact of TOP2A gene dosage was maintained in the multivariate Cox regression analysis in the entire group and in HER-2(-) patients. CONCLUSIONS A high gene dosage of TOP2A determined using qPCR occurs frequently both in HER-2(+) and HER-2(-) tumors and has a strong adverse prognostic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Zaczek
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dêbinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Lamy PJ, Jacot W. TOP2A amplification in breast cancer in the absence of that of HER-2: myth or reality? Oncologist 2012; 17:e60-1. [PMID: 22821647 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Romero A, Caldés T, Díaz-Rubio E, Martín M. Topoisomerase 2 alpha: a real predictor of anthracycline efficacy? Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 14:163-8. [PMID: 22374418 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are frequently used in the adjuvant setting for breast cancer treatment since it is considered that anthracycline-based chemotherapy treatment benefits breast cancer patients. Nonetheless, these drugs are associated with severe side effects and predictive factors, for sensitivity to anthracyclines, are warranted in clinical practice. Topoisomerase 2 alpha (TOP2A) is considered to be the molecular target of these drugs. The potential predictive value of TOP2A amplification and overexpression has been extensively studied in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines. However, results are not conclusive. In this paper, we review some of the published studies addressing the predictive value of TOP2A as well as the cellular functions of this enzyme and its status in breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Prognostic value of TOP2A gene amplification and chromosome 17 polysomy in early breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:885-94. [PMID: 22426810 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of TOP2A gene amplification and chromosome 17 polysomy in patients with early breast cancer and to correlate the status of these alterations with the prognostic significance expressed as patients' clinical features and survival. Such concurrent analyses of TOP2A gene status and chromosome 17 polysomy have not been performed before. Study group included 149 consecutive stage I-III patients administered standard multimodality treatment. TOP2A abnormalities were examined by standard fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and developed by our group quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). TOP2A amplification and deletion assessed by FISH were found in 23% and 7% of the tumours, respectively, and by qPCR in 31% and 11% of the tumours, respectively. Chromosome 17 polysomy was detected in 40% of the cases. TOP2A amplification (by qPCR) correlated with shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.03) and overall survival (p = 0.047), and the prognostic value of TOP2A was confirmed in the multivariate analysis (HR = 3.22, 95% CI 1.09-9.56, p = 0.03). TOP2A gene amplification, but not chromosome 17 polysomy, carries negative prognostic information in early breast cancer. Given the aforementioned results, qPCR might serve as a prognostic tool in determining the patient's prognosis.
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Fountzilas G, Valavanis C, Kotoula V, Eleftheraki AG, Kalogeras KT, Tzaida O, Batistatou A, Kronenwett R, Wirtz RM, Bobos M, Timotheadou E, Soupos N, Pentheroudakis G, Gogas H, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Polychronidou G, Aravantinos G, Koutras A, Christodoulou C, Pectasides D, Arapantoni P. HER2 and TOP2A in high-risk early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant epirubicin-based dose-dense sequential chemotherapy. J Transl Med 2012; 10:10. [PMID: 22240029 PMCID: PMC3275536 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HER2 and TOP2A parameters (gene status, mRNA and protein expression) have individually been associated with the outcome of patients treated with anthracyclines. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic/predictive significance of the above parameters in early, high-risk breast cancer patients treated with epirubicin-based, dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods In a series of 352 breast carcinoma tissues from patients that had been post-operatively treated with epirubicin-CMF with or without paclitaxel, we assessed HER2 and TOP2A gene status (chromogenic in situ hybridization), mRNA expression (quantitative reverse transcription PCR), as well as HER2 and TopoIIa protein expression (immunohistochemistry). Results HER2 and TOP2A amplification did not share the same effects on their downstream molecules, with consistent patterns observed in HER2 mRNA and protein expression according to HER2 amplification (all parameters strongly inter-related, p values < 0.001), but inconsistent patterns in the case of TOP2A. TOP2A gene amplification (7% of all cases) was not related to TOP2A mRNA and TopoIIa protein expression, while TOP2A mRNA and TopoIIa protein were strongly related to each other (p < 0.001). Hence, TOP2A amplified tumors did not correspond to tumors with high TOP2A mRNA or TopoIIa protein expression, while the latter were characterized by high Ki67 scores (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis adjusted for nodal involvement, hormone receptor status, Ki67 score and HER2/TOP2A parameters revealed HER2/TOP2A co-amplification (21.2% of HER2 amplified tumors) as an independent favorable prognostic factor for DFS (HR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02-0.96, p = 0.046); in contrast, increased HER2/TOP2A mRNA co-expression was identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for both DFS (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.31-4.42, p = 0.005) and OS (HR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.42-5.63, p = 0.003), while high TOP2A mRNA expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS (HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.23-3.46, p = 0.006). None of the parameters tested was associated with response to paclitaxel. Conclusions This study confirms the favorable prognostic value of HER2/TOP2A co-amplification and the adverse prognostic value of high TOP2A mRNA expression extending it to the adjuvant treatment setting in early high-risk breast cancer. The strong adverse prognostic impact of high HER2/TOP2A mRNA co-expression needs further validation in studies designed to evaluate markers predictive for anthracyclines. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000506998.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Romero A, Martín M, Oliva B, de la Torre J, Furio V, de la Hoya M, García-Sáenz JA, Moreno A, Román JM, Diaz-Rubio E, Caldés T. Glutathione S-transferase P1 c.313A > G polymorphism could be useful in the prediction of doxorubicin response in breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:1750-6. [PMID: 22052985 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of predicting factors for anthracyclines-based chemotherapy remains a clinical challenge. Glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) enzymes detoxify chemotherapy drugs and their metabolites. Several polymorphisms in GST genes result in reduced or no activity of the enzymes. Specifically, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are polymorphically deleted, the polymorphism GSTP1 c.313A>G (rs1695) determines the amino acid substitution Ile105Val, where the Val-containing enzyme has reduced activity. Also, GSTA1*B allele has reduced levels of GSTA1 enzyme. Several polymorphisms in GSTs have been associated with differences in survival for cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We genotyped a total of five polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTA1 genes in 159 patients with locally advanced breast cancer, treated with single-agent doxorubicin or docetaxel (Taxotere). Gene expression microarrays were performed in 67 breast tumor samples. We correlate this data with treatment outcome. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, patients homozygous GG for GSTP1 c.313A>G SNP had a lower risk of chemoresistance when treated with doxorubicin (odds ratio 0.106; confidence interval 0.012-0.898; P=0.040). No association was found in the docetaxel arm. Also, we found that GSTP1 expression varied significantly among breast cancer molecular subtypes. CONCLUSIONS GSTP1 may constitute another tool contributing to individualized anthracycline-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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