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van Luijn MM, Chamuleau MED, Ossenkoppele GJ, van de Loosdrecht AA, Marieke van Ham S. Tumor immune escape in acute myeloid leukemia: Class II-associated invariant chain peptide expression as result of deficient antigen presentation. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:211-213. [PMID: 22720245 PMCID: PMC3376995 DOI: 10.4161/onci.1.2.18100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this overview, we discuss the role of class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), one of the few tumors expressing HLA class II. The clinical impact, function and regulation of CLIP expression on leukemic cells is addressed, indicating its potential as immunotherapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Hematology; Cancer Center Amsterdam; VU Institute for Cancer and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Immunopathology; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Antohe I, Dǎscǎlescu A, Dǎnǎilǎ C, Titieanu A, Zlei M, Ivanov I, Sireteanu A, Pavel M, Cianga P. B7-Positive and B7-Negative Acute Myeloid Leukemias Display Distinct T Cell Maturation Profiles, Immune Checkpoint Receptor Expression, and European Leukemia Net Risk Profiles. Front Oncol 2020; 10:264. [PMID: 32231996 PMCID: PMC7082324 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is generally considered a poorly immunogenic malignancy, displaying a “non-inflamed” leukemia microenvironment (LME), leading to T cell tolerance. However, the immune landscape of AML is much more heterogeneous. Since B7 expression is regarded as a consequence of an interferon-mediated “inflammatory” phenotype, we have investigated by flow cytometry the B7 checkpoint ligands B7.1, B7.2, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-L2, ICOS-L, B7-H3, and B7-H4 on the AML blasts of 30 newly diagnosed patients and their corresponding receptors [cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1), and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS)] on bone marrow (BM) T cell maturation populations. We could thus evidence B7-negative and B7-positive leukemias either with an isolated expression or part of eight different checkpoint ligand “signatures” that always included an inhibitory B7 molecule. B7-positive AMLs encompassed intermediate and adverse European Leukemia Net (ELN) risk cases and displayed mainly central memory CD4+ T cells with high ICOS levels and effector CD8+ T cells with high PD-1 expression. B7-negative cases were rather classified as AML with recurrent genetic anomalies and displayed predominantly naive T cells, with the exception of NPM1 mutated AMLs, which expressed B7-H3. These different B7 immune profiles suggest that specific immunotherapies are required to target the distinct immune evasion strategies of this genetically heterogeneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Antohe
- Hematology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania.,Hematology Department, Regional Oncology Institute, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Angela Dǎscǎlescu
- Hematology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania.,Hematology Department, Regional Oncology Institute, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cǎtǎlin Dǎnǎilǎ
- Hematology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania.,Hematology Department, Regional Oncology Institute, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Amalia Titieanu
- Hematology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania.,Hematology Department, Regional Oncology Institute, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Zlei
- Immunophenotyping Department, Regional Oncology Institute, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Iuliu Ivanov
- Molecular Diagnostic Department, Regional Oncology Institute, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Adriana Sireteanu
- Molecular Diagnostic Department, Regional Oncology Institute, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mariana Pavel
- Immunology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Petru Cianga
- Immunology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
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Early treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia is accurately guided by the PML protein localisation pattern: real-life experience from a tertiary New Zealand centre. Pathology 2019; 51:412-420. [PMID: 30876657 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend that a rapid test be used to assist diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), but the choice of an assay is discretionary. PML immunofluorescence (PML IF) identifies the microparticulate pattern of the PML protein localisation, highly specific for APL. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical utility of PML IF in a real-life setting based on a retrospective records review for all patients who had PML IF performed in our centre between 2000 and 2017. Final analysis included 151 patients, 70 of whom had APL. PML IF was reported on average 3 days faster than cytogenetics. Compared with genetic results, PML IF showed sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100%. PML IF accurately predicted APL in four APL cases with cryptic karyotype/FISH and excluded APL in 98% cases tested based on the suspicious immunophenotype alone, 21/28 of whom had mutated NPM1. Results of PML IF influenced decision to start ATRA in 25 (36%) APL patients and led to its termination in six non-APL patients. In conclusion, PML IF is a fast and reliable test that facilitates accurate treatment decisions when APL is suspected. This performance of PML IF remains hard to match in a real-life setting.
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Poddighe PJ, Wessels H, Merle P, Westers M, Bhola S, Loonen A, Zweegman S, Ossenkoppele GJ, Wondergem MJ. Genomic amplification of MYC as double minutes in a patient with APL-like leukemia. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:67. [PMID: 25392715 PMCID: PMC4228273 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by a PML-RARA fusion due to a translocation t(15;17). Its sensitivity to treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which causes differentiation of the abnormal promyelocytes, combined with anthracycline based chemotherapy makes it the best curable subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is needed in the first place to prevent (more) bleeding problems. Here we present a patient with a leukemia with an APL-like morphology but no detectable PML-RARA fusion, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and cytogenetic analysis. RESULTS Unexpectedly, karyotyping revealed numerous double minutes (dmins). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes specific for the MYC-region showed the presence of multiple MYC amplicons. SNP-array analysis uncovered amplification of the 8q24.13-q24.21 region, including the MYC-gene, flanked by deletions in 8q24.13 and 8q24.21-q24.22, and a homozygous deletion in 9p21.3, flanked by heterozygous deletions in the same chromosome region. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis was revised to AML, not otherwise specified (AML, NOS) and therefore therapy with ATRA was discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pino J Poddighe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, PK 0X011, Amsterdam, 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Hans Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, PK 0X011, Amsterdam, 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Pauline Merle
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Westers
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shama Bhola
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, PK 0X011, Amsterdam, 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Anne Loonen
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle J Wondergem
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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