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Dong Q, Long Y, Jin L, Hou G, Li G, Wang T, Jia H, Yin Y, Guo J, Ma H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Hou Z. Establishment and pathophysiological evaluation of a novel model of acute compartment syndrome in rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:70. [PMID: 38233913 PMCID: PMC10792863 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researches have used intra-compartmental infusion and ballon tourniquest to create high intra-compartmental pressure in animal models of Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS). However, due to the large differences in the modeling methods and the evaluation criteria of ACS, further researches of its pathophysiology and pathogenesis are hindered. Currently, there is no ideal animal model for ACS and this study aimed to establish a reproducible, clinically relevant animal model. METHODS Blunt trauma and fracture were caused by the free falling of weights (0.5 kg, 1 kg, 2 kg) from a height of 40 cm onto the lower legs of rats, and the application of pressures of 100 mmHg, 200 mmHg, 300 mmHg and 400 mmHg to the lower limbs of rats using a modified pressurizing device for 6 h. The intra-compartmental pressure (ICP) and the pressure change (ΔP) of rats with single and combined injury were continuously recorded, and the pathophysiology of the rats was assessed based on serum biochemistry, histological and hemodynamic changes. RESULTS The ΔP caused by single injury method of different weights falling onto the lower leg did not meet the diagnosis criteria for ACS (< 30 mmHg). On the other hand, a combined injury method of a falling weight of 1.0 kg and the use of a pressurizing device with pressure of 300 mmHg or 400 mmHg for 6 h resulted in the desired ACS diagnosis criteria with a ΔP value of less than 30 mmHg. The serum analytes, histological damage score, and fibrosis level of the combined injury group were significantly increased compared with control group, while the blood flow was significantly decreased compared with control group. CONCLUSION We successfully established a new preclinical ACS-like rat model, by the compression of the lower leg of rats with 300 mmHg pressure for 6 h and blunt trauma by 1.0 kg weight falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yubin Long
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiyang Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingchao Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfei Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Ma
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Li B, Liu L. Fibroblast growth factor 21, a stress regulator, inhibits Drp1 activation to alleviate skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Transl Med 2022; 102:979-988. [PMID: 36775426 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal Drp1 activation and subsequent excessive mitochondrial fission play a critical role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI). Although fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) protects organs against I/RI and regulates metabolism, which indicates that FGF21 is involved in mitochondria homeostasis, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we investigated whether FGF21 had an effect on Drp1 activation during skeletal muscle I/RI. Drp1 phosphorylation and its translocation to mitochondria, as regulated by FGF21, was examined in mouse and C2C12 cell I/RI models. Mice overexpressing FGF21 displayed alleviation of serum index, histological lesions and apoptosis levels. Moreover, FGF21 markedly decreased cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616, accompanied by reduced accumulation in mitochondria. In parallel in vitro studies, cells with FGF21 knockdown displayed enhanced Drp1 activation, and the reverse effect was found when FGF21 was added. More importantly, FGF21 attenuated mitochondrial fission with linear mitochondria rather than fragmented mitochondria. Furthermore, a CDK1 inhibitor reduced Drp1 activation and mitochondrial fission due to FGF21 knockdown. This study shows that FGF21 inhibits Drp1 activation to protect mitochondria from fission, thereby rescuing cells from I/RI-induced apoptosis. Our findings may provide a new therapeutic approach to ameliorate skeletal muscle I/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Li
- Department of Medical, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Medical Experiment Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
- Department of Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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Animal models in compartment syndrome: a review of existing literature. OTA Int 2022; 5:e163. [PMID: 35282390 PMCID: PMC8900462 DOI: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Extremity compartment syndrome (ECS) is a morbid condition resulting in permanent myoneural damage. Currently, the diagnosis of compartment syndrome relies on clinical symptoms and/or intracompartment pressure measurements, both of which are poor predictors of ECS. Animal models have been used to better define cellular mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of ECS. However, no standardized model exists. The purpose of this study was to identify existing animal research on extremity compartment syndrome to summarize the current state of the literature and to identify weaknesses that could be improved with additional research. Methods: A MEDLINE database search and reverse inclusion protocol were utilized. We included all animal models of ECS. Results: Forty-one studies were included. Dogs were the most commonly used model species, followed by pigs and rats. Most studies sought to better define the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome. Other studies evaluated experimental diagnostic modalities or potential treatments. The most common compartment syndrome model was intracompartment infusion, followed by tourniquet and intracompartment balloon models. Few models incorporated additional soft tissue or osseous injury. Only 65.9% of the reviewed studies confirmed that their model created myoneural injury similar to extremity compartment syndrome. Conclusions: Study purpose, methodology, and outcome measures varied widely across included studies. A standardized definition for animal compartment syndrome would direct more consistent research in this field. Few animal models have investigated the pathophysiologic relationship between traumatic injury and the development of compartment syndrome. A validated, clinically relevant animal model of extremity compartment syndrome would spur improvement in diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Poteracki JM, Moschouris K, Yoseph BP, Zhou Y, Soker S, Criswell TL. Development of a Rat Model of Fasciotomy Treatment for Compartment Syndrome. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:51-60. [PMID: 35107365 PMCID: PMC9022182 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries are a major cause of disability for military and civilian populations. Compartment syndrome (CS) in skeletal muscle results from an edema-induced increase in intracompartmental pressure (ICP) after primary injury. Untreated ICP will occlude the tissue vasculature, tissue necrosis, and potential loss of limb. The current standard of care for CS is surgical fasciotomy, an incision through the muscle fascia to relieve ICP. Early fasciotomy will preserve the limb, but often leaves patients with long-term scarring and reduced muscle function. Our group previously developed and characterized a rat model of CS to explore the pathophysiology of CS and test new therapies. We present an expansion of this CS model, including the fasciotomy, to better simulate clinical treatment. CS was induced on the hind limb of adult male Lewis rats and fasciotomy was performed 24 h later. Less than 20% of the rats that underwent fasciotomy showed detectable force 4 days after injury, compared with the 75% of rats that underwent CS induction without fasciotomy. Muscles undergoing fasciotomy showed a significant increase in fibrosis and an increased number of macrophages, Pax7+ satellite cells, and α-smooth muscle actin+ myofibroblasts at 7 days postinjury. These data indicate that the use of fasciotomy in a rat model of CS resulted in injury sequelae that reflect the severity of human clinical disease presentation along with current standard of care. Impact Statement Current animal models of skeletal muscle injury struggle to accurately reflect the injury sequelae seen in humans, particularly in rats and mice. These animals also recover faster than humans do. More accurate recapitulation of the injury is needed to better study the injury progression, as well as screen for novel therapies. This research combines an existing model of compartment syndrome with its clinical standard of care (fasciotomy), creating a more accurate rat model of injury, and providing for a better treatment screening tool. These results show how our model leads to a sustained skeletal muscle deficit with increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Poteracki
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Address correspondence to: James M. Poteracki, MS, Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Kathryn Moschouris
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benyam P. Yoseph
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tracy L. Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Yosef B, Zhou Y, Mouschouris K, Poteracki J, Soker S, Criswell T. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Reduces Fibrosis and Improves Muscle Function After Acute Compartment Syndrome Injury. Mil Med 2020; 185:25-34. [PMID: 32074330 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upon injury, skeletal muscle undergoes a multiphase process beginning with degeneration of the damaged tissue, which is accompanied by inflammation and finally regeneration. One consequence of an injured microenvironment is excessive production of reactive oxygen species, which results in attenuated regeneration and recovery of function ultimately leading to fibrosis and disability. The objective of this research was to test the potential of the antioxidant, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC), as a mediator of reactive oxygen species damage that results from traumatic muscle injury in order to support repair and regeneration of wounded muscle tissue and improve function recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female Lewis rats were subjected to compartment syndrome injury as previously published by our group. Rats received intramuscular injections of NAC or vehicle at 24, 48, and 72 hours postinjury. Muscle function, tissue fibrosis, and the expression of myogenic and angiogenic markers were measured. RESULTS Muscle function was significantly improved, and tissue fibrosis was significantly decreased in NAC-treated muscles. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NAC treatment of skeletal muscle after injury may be a viable option for the prevention of long-term fibrosis and scar formation, facilitating recovery of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyam Yosef
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Young Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yu Zhou
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Kathryn Mouschouris
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - James Poteracki
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Young Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Mortensen SJ, Vora MM, Mohamadi A, Wright CL, Hanna P, Lechtig A, Egan J, Williamson PM, Wixted JJ, Rutkove SB, Nazarian A. Diagnostic Modalities for Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Extremities: A Systematic Review. JAMA Surg 2020; 154:655-665. [PMID: 31042278 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can cause catastrophic tissue damage leading to permanent muscle and nerve loss. Acute compartment syndrome is a clinical diagnosis, with intracompartmental pressure (ICP) used in equivocal cases. There are no reliable diagnostic methods. The clinical evaluation is impossible to standardize, and the threshold for ICP has been known to be unreliable; thus, guidelines for diagnosis can result in overtreatment or delayed diagnosis. Objective To present and review the advantages and disadvantages of each diagnostic modality and identify gaps that need to be addressed in the future and to review the most used and appropriate animal and human ACS models. Evidence Review We included clinical studies and animal models investigating diagnostic modalities for ACS of the extremities. A MEDLINE and Web of Science search was performed. The protocol for the study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017079266). We assessed the quality of the clinical studies with Newcastle-Ottawa scale and reported level of evidence for each article. Findings Fifty-one articles were included in this study, reporting on 38 noninvasive and 35 invasive modalities. Near-infrared spectroscopy and direct ICP measurement using a Stryker device were the most common, respectively. Cadaveric studies used saline infusions to create an ACS model. Most studies with human participants included injured patients with acquired ACS or at risk of developing ACS. In healthy human participants, tourniquets formed the most commonly used ACS model. Application of tourniquets and infusion of saline or albumin were the most used ACS models among animal studies. Conclusions and Relevance This article reports on the most common as well as many new and modified diagnostic modalities, which can serve as inspiration for future investigations to develop more effective and efficient diagnostic techniques for ACS. Future studies on diagnostic modalities should include the development of tools for continuous assessment of ICP to better identify the earliest alterations suggestive of impending ACS. With the advent of such technologies, it may be possible to develop far less aggressive and more effective approaches for early detection of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharri J Mortensen
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molly M Vora
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amin Mohamadi
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Casey L Wright
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip Hanna
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aron Lechtig
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Egan
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick M Williamson
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John J Wixted
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seward B Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
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Sloboda DD, Brown LA, Brooks SV. Myeloid Cell Responses to Contraction-induced Injury Differ in Muscles of Young and Old Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1581-1590. [PMID: 29684112 PMCID: PMC6230214 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a critical role in regulating muscle degeneration and regeneration. Thus, alterations with aging in the myeloid cell response to muscle damage may affect the progression of the injury in old animals. We hypothesized that neutrophil levels remain elevated and that macrophage accumulation is reduced or delayed in injured muscles of old compared with young animals. Muscles of young and old mice were injured with lengthening contractions and analyzed 2 or 5 days later. Regardless of age, neutrophil (Gr-1+) and macrophage (CD68+) content increased dramatically by Day 2. Between 2 and 5 days, macrophages increased further, whereas neutrophils declined to a level that in old muscles was not different from uninjured controls. M2 macrophages (CD163+) also increased between 2 and 5 days, reaching higher levels in muscles of old mice than in young mice. Although no evidence of persisting neutrophils or reduced M2 accumulation in old muscle was found, total macrophage accumulation was lower in old mice. Furthermore, messenger RNA levels showed age-related changes in macrophage-associated genes that may indicate alterations in myeloid cell function. Overall, differences between muscles of old and young mice in the inflammatory response through the early stages of injury may contribute to defects in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcée D Sloboda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Lemuel A Brown
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Zhou Y, Lovell D, Bethea M, Yoseph B, Poteracki J, Soker S, Criswell T. * The Impact of Age on Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cell Survival and Fate After Injury. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 23:1012-1021. [PMID: 29092672 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function due to age, and represents a major cause of disability in the elderly population. The contributing factors to the onset of sarcopenia are not well defined, but appear to involve age-dependent changes in both the tissue microenvironment and muscle progenitor cell (MPC) population. MPC transplantation has the potential to be a novel therapy for treatment of muscle dysfunction due to aging or injury, but has not shown significant clinical efficacy to date. The goal of this research was to use a rat model of skeletal muscle injury to examine the differential effects of age on MPC survival, differentiation, and tissue regeneration after transplantation. Fluorescently labeled MPCs, derived from young (YMPCs) and adult (AMPCs) donor rats, were transplanted in the injured tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of young, adult, and aged rats. Our results demonstrated that integration and maturation of YMPCs into mature myofibers were dependent on the age of the host microenvironment; whereas, the integration and maturation of AMPCs were less dependent on age and more dependent on intrinsic cellular changes. These data suggest that the age of both the host microenvironment and cells for transplantation must be considered when designing cell therapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Lovell
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Maigen Bethea
- 2 Cell Molecular & Developmental Biology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Benyam Yoseph
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - James Poteracki
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shay Soker
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tracy Criswell
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Zhou Y, Sharma N, Dukes D, Myzithras MB, Gupta P, Khalil A, Kahn J, Ahlberg JS, Hayes DB, Franti M, Criswell T. GDF11 Treatment Attenuates the Recovery of Skeletal Muscle Function After Injury in Older Rats. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:431-437. [PMID: 27924614 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function results in loss of mobility for elderly patients. Novel therapies that can protect and/or restore muscle function during aging would have profound effects on the quality of life for this population. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been proposed as a "youthful" circulating factor that can restore cardiac, neural, and skeletal muscle functions in aging animals. However, conflicting data has been recently published that casts doubt on these assertions. We used a complex rat model of skeletal muscle injury that physiologically mimics injuries seen in patients; to investigate the ability of GDF11 and to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration after injury in older rats. Our data showed that GDF11 treatment resulted in a significant increase in tissue fibrosis, accompanied by attenuated functional recovery, as compared to animals treated with vehicle alone. GDF11 impaired the recovery of skeletal muscle function in older rats after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Neel Sharma
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - David Dukes
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julius Kahn
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David B Hayes
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Franti
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA.
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Walters TJ, Garg K, Corona BT. Activity attenuates skeletal muscle fiber damage after ischemia and reperfusion. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:640-8. [PMID: 25641705 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this investigation we aimed to determine whether: (1) physical activity protects rat skeletal muscle from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; and (2) continued activity after I/R improves the rate of healing. METHODS Rats were divided into sedentary or active (voluntary wheel running) groups. Active rats ran for 4 weeks before I/R or 4 weeks before plus 4 weeks after I/R. RESULTS Activity before I/R resulted in 73.2% less muscle damage (Evans blue dye inclusion). Sedentary and active rats had a similar decline in neural-evoked (∼ 99%) and directly stimulated (∼ 70%) in vivo muscle torque, and a similar reduction in junctophilin 1. Active rats produced 19% and 15% greater neural-evoked torque compared with sedentary rats at 14 and 28 days postinjury, respectively, although the rate of recovery appeared similar. CONCLUSIONS Activity protects against long-term muscle damage, but not short-term neural injury or excitation-contraction uncoupling. Continued activity neither accelerates nor hinders the rate of functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Walters
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234-6315, USA
| | - Koyal Garg
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234-6315, USA
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234-6315, USA
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