1
|
Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Córdova-Dávalos LE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Salinas E. Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685865. [PMID: 34211473 PMCID: PMC8240065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meyer M, Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Rauschendorfer T, Sänger C, Jukic M, Iizuka H, Kubo F, Chen L, Ornitz DM, Werner S. Mouse genetics identifies unique and overlapping functions of fibroblast growth factor receptors in keratinocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1774-1785. [PMID: 31830366 PMCID: PMC6991627 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key regulators of tissue development, homeostasis and repair, and abnormal FGF signalling is associated with various human diseases. In human and murine epidermis, FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) activation causes benign skin tumours, but the consequences of FGFR3 deficiency in this tissue have not been determined. Here, we show that FGFR3 in keratinocytes is dispensable for mouse skin development, homeostasis and wound repair. However, the defect in the epidermal barrier and the resulting inflammatory skin disease that develops in mice lacking FGFR1 and FGFR2 in keratinocytes were further aggravated upon additional loss of FGFR3. This caused fibroblast activation and fibrosis in the FGFR1/FGFR2 double‐knockout mice and even more in mice lacking all three FGFRs, revealing functional redundancy of FGFR3 with FGFR1 and FGFR2 for maintaining the epidermal barrier. Taken together, our study demonstrates that FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 act together to maintain epidermal integrity and cutaneous homeostasis, with FGFR2 being the dominant receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meyer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Theresa Rauschendorfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catharina Sänger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marko Jukic
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Haruka Iizuka
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fumimasa Kubo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mast cells drive IgE-mediated disease but might be bystanders in many other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:S19-S30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
4
|
Seltmann K, Meyer M, Sulcova J, Kockmann T, Wehkamp U, Weidinger S, Auf dem Keller U, Werner S. Humidity-regulated CLCA2 protects the epidermis from hyperosmotic stress. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/440/eaao4650. [PMID: 29743348 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low environmental humidity aggravates symptoms of the inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD). Using mice that develop AD-like signs, we show that an increase in environmental humidity rescues their cutaneous inflammation and associated epidermal abnormalities. Quantitative proteomics analysis of epidermal lysates of mice kept at low or high humidity identified humidity-regulated proteins, including chloride channel accessory 3A2 (CLCA3A2), a protein with previously unknown function in the skin. The epidermis of patients with AD, organotypic skin cultures under dry conditions, and cultured keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress showed up-regulation of the nonorthologous human homolog CLCA2. Hyperosmolarity-induced CLCA2 expression occurred via p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase-activating transcription factor 2 signaling. CLCA2 knockdown promoted keratinocyte apoptosis induced by hyperosmotic stress through impairment of cell-cell adhesion. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the beneficial effect of high environmental humidity for AD patients and identify CLCA3A2/CLCA2 up-regulation as a mechanism to protect keratinocytes from damage induced by low humidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Seltmann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jitka Sulcova
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Wehkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsoi LC, Rodriguez E, Degenhardt F, Baurecht H, Wehkamp U, Volks N, Szymczak S, Swindell WR, Sarkar MK, Raja K, Shao S, Patrick M, Gao Y, Uppala R, Perez White BE, Getsios S, Harms PW, Maverakis E, Elder JT, Franke A, Gudjonsson JE, Weidinger S. Atopic Dermatitis Is an IL-13-Dominant Disease with Greater Molecular Heterogeneity Compared to Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1480-1489. [PMID: 30641038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects up to 20% of children and adults worldwide. To gain a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of AD, we conducted a large-scale transcriptomic study of AD with deeply sequenced RNA-sequencing samples using long (126-bp) paired-end reads. In addition to the comparisons against previous transcriptomic studies, we conducted in-depth analysis to obtain a high-resolution view of the global architecture of the AD transcriptome and contrasted it with that of psoriasis from the same cohort. By using 147 RNA samples in total, we found striking correlation between dysregulated genes in lesional psoriasis and lesional AD skin with 81% of AD dysregulated genes being shared with psoriasis. However, we described disease-specific molecular and cellular features, with AD skin showing dominance of IL-13 pathways, but with near undetectable IL-4 expression. We also demonstrated greater disease heterogeneity and larger proportion of dysregulated long noncoding RNAs in AD, and illustrated the translational impact, including skin-type classification and drug-target prediction. This study is by far the largest study comparing the AD and psoriasis transcriptomes using RNA sequencing and demonstrating the shared inflammatory components, as well as specific discordant cytokine signatures of these two skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elke Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Wehkamp
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Natalie Volks
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Silke Szymczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - William R Swindell
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kalpana Raja
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yilin Gao
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nrf3 promotes UV-induced keratinocyte apoptosis through suppression of cell adhesion. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1749-1765. [PMID: 29487353 PMCID: PMC6179989 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of the cellular stress response, but the biological functions of the related Nrf3 protein are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a novel pro-apoptotic function of Nrf3 in mouse and human keratinocytes. In response to UV irradiation, Nrf3-deficient keratinocytes were protected from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The protective function was also seen under oxidative or hyperosmotic stress conditions, but not when apoptosis was induced by disruption of cell–matrix interactions. Mechanistically, we show that Nrf3-deficient keratinocytes exhibit stronger cell–cell and cell-matrix adhesion, which correlates with higher cell surface integrin levels and enhanced activation of focal adhesion kinase. Nrf3-deficient cells also formed more and larger focal adhesions and exhibited a higher motility. These results suggest that the strong expression of Nrf3 in basal keratinocytes promotes their elimination in response to DNA damage-inducing agents, thereby preventing accumulation of mutated stem and transit amplifying cells in the epidermis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mast Cells as Drivers of Disease and Therapeutic Targets. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:151-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Wedman PA, Aladhami A, Chumanevich AP, Fuseler JW, Oskeritzian CA. Mast cells and sphingosine-1-phosphate underlie prelesional remodeling in a mouse model of eczema. Allergy 2018; 73:405-415. [PMID: 28905998 PMCID: PMC10127444 DOI: 10.1111/all.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammation that affects children and adults worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains ill-understood. METHODS We show that a single application of OVA to mouse skin initiates remodeling and cellular infiltration of the hypodermis measured by a newly developed computer-aided method. RESULTS Importantly, we demonstrate that skin mast cell (MC) activation and local sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are significantly augmented after OVA treatment in mice. Deficiency in sphingosine kinase (SphK)1, the S1P-producing enzyme, or in MC, remarkably mitigates all signs of OVA-mediated remodeling and MC activation. Furthermore, skin S1P levels remain unchanged in MC-deficient mice exposed to OVA. LPS-free OVA does not recapitulate any of the precursor signs of AD, supporting a triggering contribution of LPS in AD that, per se, suffice to activate local MC and elevate skin S1P. CONCLUSION We describe MC and S1P as novel pathogenic effectors that initiate remodeling in AD prior to any skin lesions and reveal the significance of LPS in OVA used in most studies, thus mimicking natural antigen (Ag) exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Wedman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| | - A. Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
- University of Baghdad; Baghdad Iraq
| | - A. P. Chumanevich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| | - J. W. Fuseler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| | - C. A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sulcova J, Maddaluno L, Meyer M, Werner S. Accumulation and activation of epidermal γδ T cells in a mouse model of chronic dermatitis is not required for the inflammatory phenotype. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2517-28. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Sulcova
- Department of Biology; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Luigi Maddaluno
- Department of Biology; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Meyer
- Department of Biology; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|