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Artone S, Ciafarone A, Augello FR, Lombardi F, Cifone MG, Palumbo P, Cinque B, Latella G. Evaluation of the Antifibrotic Effects of Drugs Commonly Used in Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases on In Vitro Intestinal Cellular Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8862. [PMID: 39201548 PMCID: PMC11354868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying intestinal fibrosis, the main complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is not yet fully understood, and there is no therapy to prevent or reverse fibrosis. We evaluated, in in vitro cellular models, the ability of different classes of drugs currently used in IBD to counteract two pivotal processes of intestinal fibrosis, the differentiation of intestinal fibroblasts to activated myofibroblasts using CCD-18Co cells, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of intestinal epithelial cells using Caco-2 cells (IEC), both being processes induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The drugs tested included mesalamine, azathioprine, methotrexate, prednisone, methylprednisolone, budesonide, infliximab, and adalimumab. The expression of fibrosis and EMT markers (collagen-I, α-SMA, pSmad2/3, occludin) was assessed by Western blot analysis and by immunofluorescence. Of the drugs used, only prednisone, methylprednisolone, budesonide, and adalimumab were able to antagonize the pro-fibrotic effects induced by TGF-β1 on CCD-18Co cells, reducing the fibrosis marker expression. Methylprednisolone, budesonide, and adalimumab were also able to significantly counteract the TGF-β1-induced EMT process on Caco-2 IEC by increasing occludin and decreasing α-SMA expression. This is the first study that evaluates, using in vitro cellular models, the direct antifibrotic effects of drugs currently used in IBD, highlighting which drugs have potential antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Artone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (A.C.); (F.R.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.C.); (P.P.); (B.C.)
- PhD School in Medicine and Public Health, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciafarone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (A.C.); (F.R.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.C.); (P.P.); (B.C.)
- PhD School in Health & Environmental Sciences, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosaria Augello
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (A.C.); (F.R.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.C.); (P.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (A.C.); (F.R.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.C.); (P.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (A.C.); (F.R.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.C.); (P.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (A.C.); (F.R.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.C.); (P.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (A.C.); (F.R.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.C.); (P.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.A.); (A.C.); (F.R.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.C.); (P.P.); (B.C.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Pompeo Spennati, Building Rita Levi Montalcini, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Wang B, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Ma Y, Wang Y, Yin N, Song T. Spatiotemporal Evolution of Developing Palate in Mice. J Dent Res 2024; 103:546-554. [PMID: 38619065 PMCID: PMC11145300 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241232317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate formation of the palate involves a series of complex events, yet its mechanistic basis remains uncertain. To explore major cell populations in the palate and their roles during development, we constructed a spatiotemporal transcription landscape of palatal cells. Palate samples from C57BL/6 J mice at embryonic days 12.5 (E12.5), 14.5 (E14.5), and 16.5 (E16.5) underwent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify distinct cell subsets. In addition, spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (stereo-seq) was used to characterize the spatial distribution of these subsets. Integrating scRNA-seq and stereo-seq with CellTrek annotated mesenchymal and epithelial cellular components of the palate during development. Furthermore, cellular communication networks between these cell subpopulations were analyzed to discover intercellular signaling during palate development. From the analysis of the middle palate, both mesenchymal and epithelial populations were spatially segregated into 3 domains. The middle palate mesenchymal subpopulations were associated with tooth formation, ossification, and tissue remodeling, with initial state cell populations located proximal to the dental lamina. The nasal epithelium of the palatal shelf exhibited richer humoral immune responses than the oral side. Specific enrichment of Tgfβ3 and Pthlh signals in the midline epithelial seam at E14.5 suggested a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In summary, this study provides high-resolution transcriptomic information, contributing to a deeper mechanistic understanding of palate biology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Wang
- Center for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Z. Zhang
- Center for Ear Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J. Zhao
- Center for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Ma
- Center for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Wang
- Center for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - N. Yin
- Center for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - T. Song
- Center for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Lu SM, Zhong B, Wang GC, Jia RP, Wang Q, Long JH. Parathyroid hormone related-protein (PTHrP) in tissues with poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37934. [PMID: 38669432 PMCID: PMC11049731 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is known to have a pivotal role in the progression of various solid tumors, among which prostate cancer stands out. However, the extent of PTHrP expression and its clinical implications in prostate cancer patients remain shrouded in obscurity. The primary objective of this research endeavor was to shed light on the relevance of PTHrP in the context of prostate cancer patients and to uncover the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS The expression of PTHrP, E-cadherin, and vimentin in tumor tissues of 88 prostate cancer patients was evaluated by immunohistochemical technique. Subsequently, the associations between PTHrP and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer were analyzed. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression rates of PTHrP, E-cadherin, and vimentin in prostate cancer tissues were 95.5%, 88.6%, and 84.1%, respectively. Patients with a high level of PTHrP had a decreased expression of E-cadherin (P = .013) and an increased expression of vimentin (P = .010) compared with patients with a low level of PTHrP. Besides, the high expression of PTHrP was significantly correlated with a higher level of initial prostate-specific antigen (P = .026), positive lymph node metastasis (P = .010), osseous metastasis (P = .004), and Gleason score (P = .026). Moreover, patients with a high level of PTHrP had shorter progression-free survival (P = .002) than patients with a low level of PTHrP. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that PTHrP is associated with risk factors of poor outcomes in prostate cancer, while epithelial-mesenchymal transition may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou New Health Geriatric Disease Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Lu
- Department of Urology, Subei People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Huaian, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gong-Cheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Huaian, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Peng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Hua Long
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Liu Q, Tang X, Xu H, Wen J, Chen Y, Xue S. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals key biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics for bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37796. [PMID: 38640283 PMCID: PMC11029931 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma ranks among the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. Previous studies have elucidated the significant role of the immune system in its pathophysiology. Nevertheless, the immune-related mechanisms underlying asthma are complex and still inadequately understood. Thus, our objective was to investigate novel key biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics associated with asthma by employing integrated bioinformatics tools. METHODS In this study, we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and genes potentially implicated in asthma. Functional annotation of these key modules and genes was carried out through gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Additionally, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using the STRING database to identify 10 hub genes. Furthermore, we evaluated the relative proportion of immune cells in bronchial epithelial cell samples from 20 healthy individuals and 88 asthmatic patients using CIBERSORT. Finally, we validated the hub genes and explored their correlation with immune infiltration. RESULTS Furthermore, 20 gene expression modules and 10 hub genes were identified herein. Among them, complement component 3 (C3), prostaglandin I2 receptor (PTGIR), parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH), and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) were closely correlated with the infiltration of immune cells. They may be novel candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets for asthma. Furthermore, B cells memory, and plasma cells might play an important role in immune cell infiltration after asthma. CONCLUSIONS C3, PTGIR, CX3CL1, and PTHLH have important clinical diagnostic values and are correlated with infiltration of multiple immune cell types in asthma. These hub genes, B cells memory, and plasma cells may become important biological targets for therapeutic asthma drug screening and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Respiratory Department, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Shoubin Xue
- Respiratory Department, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Xiao W, Hu C, Ni Y, Wang J, Jiao K, Zhou M, Li Z. 27-Hydroxycholesterol activates the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway resulting in intestinal fibrosis by inducing oxidative stress: effect of dietary interventions. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:289-304. [PMID: 38184500 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal fibrosis, a common and serious complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), results from chronic inflammation. A high-cholesterol diet may be a risk factor for IBD and 27-hydroxylcholesterol (27HC) is the main human cholesterol metabolite. This study investigated whether 27HC can induce intestinal fibrosis. METHODS The effects of cholesterol and 27HC on intestinal fibrosis were assessed in zebrafish and human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. RESULTS Cholesterol and 27HC induced intestinal inflammation and collagen deposition, inhibited E-cadherin (E-ca) expression in the intestinal epithelium, and promoted nuclear translocation of β-catenin in zebrafish. Cholesterol and 27HC up-regulated expression of COL-1, α-SMA, CTGF, TIMP1, N-cadherin, vimentin, glycogen synthesis kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin, but inhibited E-ca, in Caco-2 cells. The expression of these proteins was inhibited by CYP27A1 knockdown and β-catenin knockdown. 27HC-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin occurs in Caco-2 cells. p38, ERK, and AKT activate β-catenin and thereby participate in 27HC-induced epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis. 27HC-increased oxidative stress and the fibrosis and EMT markers, the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and the up-regulation of p-cell kinase proteins promoted by 27HC were inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Folic acid (FA), resveratrol (RES), and NAC all ameliorated the 27HC-induced effects in Caco-2 cells and zebrafish. CONCLUSION A high-cholesterol diet caused intestinal fibrosis in zebrafish, mediated by a major cholesterol metabolite, 27HC. 27HC increased oxidative stress and activated p38, ERK, AKT, and β-catenin, leading to EMT of epithelial cells and intestinal fibrosis. FA and RES both ameliorated intestinal fibrosis by restraining 27HC-induced β-catenin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kailin Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Macias-Ceja DC, Mendoza-Ballesteros MT, Ortega-Albiach M, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Role of the epithelial barrier in intestinal fibrosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: relevance of the epithelial-to mesenchymal transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1258843. [PMID: 37822869 PMCID: PMC10562728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1258843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to tissue damage and remodelling, which can ultimately result in fibrosis. Prolonged injury and inflammation can trigger the activation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As fibrosis progresses, the tissue becomes increasingly stiff and less functional, which can lead to complications such as intestinal strictures, obstructive symptoms, and eventually, organ dysfunction. Epithelial cells play a key role in fibrosis, as they secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Additionally, epithelial cells can undergo a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in which they acquire a more mesenchymal-like phenotype and contribute directly to fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Overall, the interactions between epithelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts play a critical role in the development and progression of fibrosis in IBD. Understanding these complex interactions may provide new targets for therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat fibrosis in IBD. In this review, we have collected and discussed the recent literature highlighting the contribution of epithelial cells to the pathogenesis of the fibrotic complications of IBD, including evidence of EMT, the epigenetic control of the EMT, the potential influence of the intestinal microbiome in EMT, and the possible therapeutic strategies to target EMT. Finally we discuss the pro-fibrotic interactions epithelial-immune cells and epithelial-fibroblasts cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Zhou C, Guan D, Guo J, Niu S, Cai Z, Li C, Qin C, Yan W, Yang D. Human Parathyroid Hormone Analog (3-34/29-34) promotes wound re-epithelialization through inducing keratinocyte migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PTHR1-PI3K/AKT activation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:217. [PMID: 37612710 PMCID: PMC10464420 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-epithelialization is important in the process of wound healing. Various methods have been identified to expedite the process, but their clinical application remains limited. While parathyroid hormone (PTH) has shown promising results in wound healing due to its role in promoting collagen deposition and cell migration, application is limited by its potentially inhibitive effects when being continuously and locally administrated. Herein, we developed a novel PTH analog, Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) (3-34/29-34) (henceforth MY-1), by partially replacing and repeating the amino acid sequences of hPTH (1-34), and evaluated its effect on skin wound re-epithelialization. METHODS CCK-8, colony formation unit assay, and Ki67 immunofluorescent staining were performed to evaluate the effect of MY-1 on HaCaT cell proliferation. Then, wound scratch assay, Transwell assay and lamellipodia staining were carried out to evaluate the effect of MY-1 on cell migration. Moreover, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured using qPCR and western blot analysis. For in-vivo drug delivery, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel was employed to load the MY-1, with the physicochemical characteristics evaluated prior to its application in wound models. Then, MY-1's role in wound healing was determined via acute skin wound models. Finally, the mechanism that MY-1 activated was also detected on HaCaT cells and in-vivo wound models. RESULTS In-vitro, MY-1 accelerated the migration and EMT of HaCaT cells, while having little effect on cell proliferation. GelMA and MY-1-incorporated GelMA hydrogels showed similar physicochemical characteristics and were used in the in-vivo studies, where the results revealed that MY-1 led to a stronger re-epithelialization by inducing basal keratinocyte migration and EMT. Further studies on in-vivo wound models and in-vitro HaCaT cells revealed that MY-1 regulated cell migration and EMT through activating PI3K/AKT signaling. The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR1), the main receptor of PTH, was found to be the upstream of PI3K/AKT signaling, through interfering PTHR1 expression with a small interference RNA following detection of the PI3K/AKT activation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study demonstrated that MY-1 accelerates skin wound re-epithelialization by inducing keratinocyte migration and EMT via PTHR1-PI3K/AKT axis activation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Division of Spine Surgery, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Donghua Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Division of Spine Surgery, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Emergency, Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 28 Chuangxin Avenue Yongning Street, Guangzhou, 511340, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Division of Spine Surgery, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Shangbo Niu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Division of Spine Surgery, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhihai Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Division of Spine Surgery, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Chengfu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Division of Spine Surgery, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Chenghe Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China.
| | - Dehong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Division of Spine Surgery, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China.
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He S, Li J, Yao Z, Gao Z, Jiang Y, Chen X, Peng L. Insulin alleviates murine colitis through microbiome alterations and bile acid metabolism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:498. [PMID: 37491256 PMCID: PMC10369930 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in the context of bowel inflammation. However, the role of the interaction between insulin and the microbiota in gut health is unclear. Our goal was to investigate the mechanism of action of insulin in bowel inflammation and the relationship between insulin and the gut microbiota. METHODS We used acute and chronic murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to evaluate whether insulin influences the progression of colitis. Colonic tissues, the host metabolome and the gut microbiome were analyzed to investigate the relationship among insulin treatment, the microbiome, and disease. Experiments involving antibiotic (Abx) treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the association among the gut microbiota, insulin and IBD. In a series of experiments, we further defined the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin. RESULTS We found that low-dose insulin treatment alleviated intestinal inflammation but did not cause death. These effects were dependent on the gut microbiota, as confirmed by experiments involving Abx treatment and FMT. Using untargeted metabolomic profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing, we discovered that the level of the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid (LCA) was notably increased and the LCA levels were significantly associated with the abundance of Blautia, Enterorhadus and Rumi-NK4A214_group. Furthermore, LCA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by activating a G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5), which inhibited the polarization of classically activated (M1) macrophages. CONCLUSION Together, these data suggest that insulin alters the gut microbiota and affects LCA production, ultimately delaying the progression of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiating Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirong Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixian Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang R, Li J, Badescu D, Karaplis AC, Ragoussis J, Kremer R. PTHrP Regulates Fatty Acid Metabolism via Novel lncRNA in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3763. [PMID: 37568579 PMCID: PMC10417726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is the primary cause of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (MAH). We previously showed that PTHrP ablation, in the MMTV-PyMT murine model of breast cancer (BC) progression, can dramatically prolong tumor latency, slow tumor growth, and prevent metastatic spread. However, the signaling mechanisms using lineage tracing have not yet been carefully analyzed. Here, we generated Pthrpflox/flox; Cre+ mT/mG mice (KO) and Pthrpwt/wt; Cre+ mT/mG tumor mice (WT) to examine the signaling pathways under the control of PTHrP from the early to late stages of tumorigenesis. GFP+ mammary epithelial cells were further enriched for subsequent RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analyses. We observed significant upregulation of cell cycle signaling and fatty acid metabolism in PTHrP WT tumors, which are linked to tumor initiation and progression. Next, we observed that the expression levels of a novel lncRNA, GM50337, along with stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) are significantly upregulated in PTHrP WT but not in KO tumors. We further validated a potential human orthologue lncRNA, OLMALINC, together with SCD1 that can be regulated via PTHrP in human BC cell lines. In conclusion, these novel findings could be used to develop targeted strategies for the treatment of BC and its metastatic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jiarong Li
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dunarel Badescu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada (J.R.)
| | - Andrew C. Karaplis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada (J.R.)
| | - Richard Kremer
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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10
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Frommer ML, Langridge BJ, Awad L, Jasionowska S, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Abu-Hanna J, Butler PEM. Single-Cell Analysis of ADSC Interactions with Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Scleroderma Skin. Cells 2023; 12:1784. [PMID: 37443817 PMCID: PMC10341100 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as part of autologous fat grafting have anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects, but the exact mechanisms of action remain unknown. By simulating the interaction of ADSCs with fibroblasts and endothelial cells (EC) from scleroderma (SSc) skin in silico, we aim to unravel these mechanisms. Publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data from the stromal vascular fraction of 3 lean patients and biopsies from the skin of 10 control and 12 patients with SSc were obtained from the GEO and analysed using R and Seurat. Differentially expressed genes were used to compare the fibroblast and EC transcriptome between controls and SSc. GO and KEGG functional enrichment was performed. Ligand-receptor interactions of ADSCs with fibroblasts and ECs were explored with LIANA. Pro-inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM) interacting fibroblasts were identified in SSc. Arterial, capillary, venous and lymphatic ECs showed a pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory transcriptome. Most interactions with both cell types were based on ECM proteins. Differential interactions identified included NTN1, VEGFD, MMP2, FGF2, and FNDC5. The ADSC secretome may disrupt vascular and perivascular inflammation hubs in scleroderma by promoting angiogenesis and especially lymphangiogenesis. Key phenomena observed after fat grafting remain unexplained, including modulation of fibroblast behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin L. Frommer
- Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK; (B.J.L.); (J.A.-H.); (P.E.M.B.)
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Langridge
- Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK; (B.J.L.); (J.A.-H.); (P.E.M.B.)
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Laura Awad
- Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK; (B.J.L.); (J.A.-H.); (P.E.M.B.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Sara Jasionowska
- Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK; (B.J.L.); (J.A.-H.); (P.E.M.B.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Christopher P. Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - David J. Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Jeries Abu-Hanna
- Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK; (B.J.L.); (J.A.-H.); (P.E.M.B.)
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Peter E. M. Butler
- Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK; (B.J.L.); (J.A.-H.); (P.E.M.B.)
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
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11
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Librizzi M, Naselli F, Abruscato G, Luparello C, Caradonna F. Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)-Associated Molecular Signatures in Tissue Differentiation and Non-Tumoral Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:950. [PMID: 37508381 PMCID: PMC10376784 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is encoded by the PTHLH gene which, via alternative promoter usage and splicing mechanisms, can give rise to at least three isoforms of 139, 141, and 173 amino acids with distinct C-terminals. PTHrP is subjected to different post-translational processing that generates smaller bioactive forms, comprising amino terminus, mid-region (containing a nuclear/nucleolar targeting signal), and carboxy terminus peptides. Both the full-length protein and the discrete peptides are key controllers of viability, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in diverse normal and pathological biological systems via the reprogramming of gene expression and remodulation of PKA or PKC-mediated signalization mechanisms. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies on PTHrP-associated signatures as revealed by molecular profiling assays, focusing on the available data about exemplary differentiating, differentiated, or nontumoral cell and tissue models. In particular, the data presented relate to adipose, bone, dental, cartilaginous, and skin tissues, as well as intestinal, renal, hepatic, pulmonary, and pancreatic epithelia, with a focus on hepatic fibrosis-, pancreatitis-, and diabetes-related changes as diseased states. When reported, the biochemical and/or physiological aspects associated with the specific molecular modulation of gene expression and signal transduction pathways in the target model systems under examination are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Librizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flores Naselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Abruscato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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12
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Li W, Xu N, Meng X, Yuan H, Yu T, Miao Q, Yang H, Hai B, Xiao W, Zhang X. SLC17A9-PTHLH-EMT axis promotes proliferation and invasion of clear renal cell carcinoma. iScience 2022; 26:105764. [PMID: 36590170 PMCID: PMC9800294 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC17A9 is a vesicular ATP transport protein that plays an important role in determining cell functions and the onset and progression of different diseases. In this study, SLC17A9 was initially identified as a potential diagnostic and prognostic risk biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Then, the aberrant expression levels of SLC17A9 were confirmed in both the cell lines and clinical tissues. Mechanistically, SLC17A9 could upregulate the expression of PTHLH, thus promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ccRCC. Functionally, SLC17A9 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion activity of renal cancer cells, whereas its overexpression led to stronger cell viability and more malignant phenotype in vitro. The overexpression of SLC17A9 in vivo could significantly contribute to the growth of tumors. Finally, we found that SLC17A9 might be related to the drug resistance of vorinostat. Cumulatively, this study demonstrated that the SLC17A9-PTHLH-EMT axis could promote the progression of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangui Meng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tiexi Yu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bo Hai
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China,Corresponding author
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China,Corresponding author
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China,Corresponding author
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13
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Zhang Y, Duan Y, Wu C, Peng W, Chen W, Wang L, Deng Z. MiR-200c regulates invasion, proliferation and EMT of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells by targeting parathyroid hormone like hormone. Growth Factors 2022; 40:175-185. [PMID: 36067091 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the specific effect of miR-200c in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Hth74 and ARO cell lines were used. Proliferation, invasion, and colony formation activities of Hth74 and ARO cell lines affected by miR-200c were studied. Expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Slug, and Snail) in the Hth74 and ARO cell lines were validated by western blot and qRT-PCR. In addition, the regulation of the parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) by miR-200c was assessed. Overexpression of miR-200c inhibited the invasion, proliferation, and colony formation of the ATC cell lines, whereas its downregulation achieved the opposite results. PTHLH was found to be regulated negatively by miR-200c through a miR-200c binding site within the 3'-UTR of PTHLH. miR-200c repressed the proliferation, invasion, and EMT process of cells in ATC cell lines by targeting PTHLH post-transcriptionally, which indicates that miR-200c may be a potential target for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Duan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chenguang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Medical School, Qinghai University, Xining, PR China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Zhaoqun Deng
- Laboratory Center, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
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14
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Li J, Camirand A, Zakikhani M, Sellin K, Guo Y, Luan X, Mihalcioiu C, Kremer R. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Inhibition Blocks Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Expansion in Bone Through Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Reversal. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10587. [PMID: 35720668 PMCID: PMC9189913 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a major role in skeletal metastasis but its action mechanism has not been fully defined. We previously demonstrated the crucial importance of PTHrP in promoting mammary tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis in a mouse model with a mammary epithelium-targeted Pthlh gene ablation. We demonstrate here a novel mechanism for bone invasion involving PTHrP induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) regulation. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated Pthlh gene ablation was used to study EMT markers, phenotype, and invasiveness in two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell types (established MDA-MB-231 and patient-derived PT-TNBC cells). In vitro, Pthlh ablation in TNBC cells reduced EMT markers, mammosphere-forming ability, and CD44high/CD24low cells ratio. In vivo, cells were injected intratibially into athymic nude mice, and therapeutic treatment with our anti-PTHrP blocking antibody was started 2 weeks after skeletal tumors were established. In vivo, compared to control, lytic bone lesion from Pthlh -ablated cells decreased significantly over 2 weeks by 27% for MDA-MB-231 and by 75% for PT-TNBC-injected mice (p < 0.001). Micro-CT (μCT) analyses also showed that antibody therapy reduced bone lytic volume loss by 52% and 48% for non-ablated MDA-MB-231 and PT-TNBC, respectively (p < 0.05). Antibody therapy reduced skeletal tumor burden by 45% and 87% for non-ablated MDA-MB-231 and PT-TNBC, respectively (p < 0.002) and caused a significant decrease of CSC/EMT markers ALDH1, vimentin, and Slug, and an increase in E-cadherin in bone lesions. We conclude that PTHrP is a targetable EMT molecular driver and suggest that its pharmacological blockade can provide a potential therapeutic approach against established TNBC-derived skeletal lesions. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Li
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Anne Camirand
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Mahvash Zakikhani
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Karine Sellin
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Yubo Guo
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
- Third Affiliated HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - XiaoRui Luan
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
- Department of Genetics, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Catalin Mihalcioiu
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
| | - Richard Kremer
- Centre for Translational BiologyMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada
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15
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He S, Cui S, Song W, Jiang Y, Chen H, Liao D, Lu X, Li J, Chen X, Peng L. Interleukin-17 Weakens the NAFLD/NASH Process by Facilitating Intestinal Barrier Restoration Depending on the Gut Microbiota. mBio 2022; 13:e0368821. [PMID: 35266816 PMCID: PMC9040850 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03688-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gut microbiota, and how IL-17 mediates the NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) process depending on the gut microbiota is unclear. We found that T helper 17 (TH17) cells were decreased in the small intestine in a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH model. IL-17-deficient (Il17-/-) mice showed alterations in intestinal microbiota, including the inhibition of probiotic growth and the overgrowth of certain pathogenic bacteria, and were prone to higher endotoxemia levels and more severe gastrointestinal barrier defects than wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, TH17 cells were responsible for restoring the intestinal barrier after administration of recombinant IL-17 to Il17-/- mice or injection of CD4+ T cells into a Rag1-/- mouse model. Additionally, transplantation of the microbiota from WT mice to Il17-/- mice restored the intestinal barrier. Notably, microbiota-depleted Il17-/- mice were resistant to MCD diet-induced intestinal barrier impairment. Fecal microbiota transplantation from Il17-/- mice to microbiota-depleted mice aggravated intestinal barrier impairment and then promoted the development of NASH. Collectively, this study showed that host IL-17 could strengthen intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and reduce dysbiosis-induced intestinal injury and secondary extraintestinal organ injury induced by a special diet. IMPORTANCE The morbidity of NASH has increased, with limited effective treatment options. IL-17 plays a protective role in the gut mucosa in high-fat-diet (HFD)-related metabolic disorders, and HFD-related microbiota dysbiosis is responsible for a decreased number of T helper 17 (TH17) cells in the lamina propria. The mechanism by which IL-17 mediates the NAFLD/NASH process depending on the gut microbiota is unclear. In our study, IL-17 originating from TH17 cells maintained intestinal barrier integrity and determined the outcomes of diet-related disease, which may be a target strategy for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shudan Cui
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Song
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Wenxiu J, Mingyue Y, Fei H, Yuxin L, Mengyao W, Chenyang L, Jia S, Hong Z, Shih DQ, Targan SR, Xiaolan Z. Effect and Mechanism of TL1A Expression on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition during Chronic Colitis-Related Intestinal Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5927064. [PMID: 34257516 PMCID: PMC8253633 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5927064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent evidences reveal that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) exacerbates the process of intestinal fibrosis. Tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A) is a member of the tumor necrosis family (TNF), which can take part in the development of colonic inflammation and fibrosis by regulating immune response or inflammatory factors. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the possible contribution of TL1A in onset and progression of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis through EMT. METHODS Colonic specimens were obtained from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and control individuals. The expression levels of TL1A and EMT-related markers in intestinal tissues were evaluated. Furthermore, the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29, was stimulated with TL1A, anti-TL1A antibody, or BMP-7 to assess EMT process. In addition, transgenic mice expressing high levels of TL1A in lymphoid cells were used to further investigate the mechanism of TL1A in intestinal fibrosis. RESULTS High levels of TL1A expression were detected in the intestinal specimens of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and were negatively associated with the expression of an epithelial marker (E-cadherin), while it was positively associated with the expression of interstitial markers (FSP1 and α-SMA). Transgenic mice with high expression of TL1A were more sensitive to dextran sodium sulfate and exhibited severe intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway may be involved in TL1A-induced EMT, and the expression of IL-13 and EMT-related transcriptional molecules (e.g., ZEB1 and Snail1) was increased in the intestinal specimens of the transgenic mice. Furthermore, TL1A-induced EMT can be influenced by anti-TL1A antibody or BMP-7 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS TL1A participates in the formation and process of EMT in intestinal fibrosis. This new knowledge enables us to better understand the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis and identify new therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wenxiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Mingyue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Han Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Luo Yuxin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wu Mengyao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Li Chenyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Song Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhang Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - David Q. Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephan R. Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhang Xiaolan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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17
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Wang L, Liu L, Sun S, Xiao L, Jiang Q, Ding H. Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Osteoporotic Fracture Healing in Mice via Non-Phospholipases C-Dependent Protein Kinase C Signaling Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study was aimed to explore the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on osteoporotic fracture healing in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Microarray analysis was conducted to analyze the gene expression level in MC3T3-E1 cells. Carboxyfluorescein
succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining and flow cytometry was adopted to analyze the proliferation and apopto-sis of MC3T3-E1 cells. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression level. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay was conducted to detect PKC activity. The bone mineral
density (BMD) and bone volume (BV)/total volume (TV) were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT). Results: ERK1/2 was abnormally expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells after GlylArg19hPTH (1-34) + KT5720 treatment. GlylArg19hPTH
(1-34)+ KT5720 treatment promoted cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, and upregulatedthe expression of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, OPN, Runx2 and OPG) in MC3T3-E1 cells, which were due to the activation of the non-PLC-dependent PKC signaling pathway and can be blocked by PKC
inhibitor Go6983 or ERK1/2 inhibitor BVD-523. Moreover, the activity of PKC in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with GlylArg19hPTH (1-34) + KT5720 + Go6983 was alleviated by ERK1/2 inhibitor BVD-523. In vivo, specific activation of the non-PLC-dependent PKC signaling pathway increased the serum
levels of APL and OPG in mice with osteoporotic fracture, which were reversed by PKC inhibitor Go6983 and ERK1/2 inhibitor BVD-523. Moreover, PKC inhibitor Go6983 and ERK1/2 inhibitor BVD-523 suppressed the elevation of BV/TV and BMD induced by specific activation of the non-PKC-dependent
signaling pathway. Conclusions: Taken together, PTH stimulates osteoporotic fracture healing in mice through the non-PLC-dependent PKC signaling pathway in which ERK1/2 exerts a vital role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Dianli Road 8, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linjuan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 310000, China
| | - Sixin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Taixing People’s Hospital, ChangZheng Road 1, Taixing, 225400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Dianli Road 8, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qinyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Dianli Road 8, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Dianli Road 8, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Pitarresi JR, Norgard RJ, Chiarella AM, Suzuki K, Bakir B, Sahu V, Li J, Zhao J, Marchand B, Wengyn MD, Hsieh A, Kim IK, Zhang A, Sellin K, Lee V, Takano S, Miyahara Y, Ohtsuka M, Maitra A, Notta F, Kremer R, Stanger BZ, Rustgi AK. PTHrP Drives Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis and Reveals a New Therapeutic Vulnerability. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1774-1791. [PMID: 33589425 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, yet very little is understood regarding the underlying biology. As a result, targeted therapies to inhibit metastasis are lacking. Here, we report that the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP encoded by PTHLH) is frequently amplified as part of the KRAS amplicon in patients with pancreatic cancer. PTHrP upregulation drives the growth of both primary and metastatic tumors in mice and is highly enriched in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastases. Loss of PTHrP-either genetically or pharmacologically-dramatically reduces tumor burden, eliminates metastasis, and enhances overall survival. These effects are mediated in part through a reduction in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which reduces the ability of tumor cells to initiate metastatic cascade. Spp1, which encodes osteopontin, is revealed to be a downstream effector of PTHrP. Our results establish a new paradigm in pancreatic cancer whereby PTHrP is a driver of disease progression and emerges as a novel therapeutic vulnerability. SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreatic cancer often presents with metastases, yet no strategies exist to pharmacologically inhibit this process. Herein, we establish the oncogenic and prometastatic roles of PTHLH, a novel amplified gene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We demonstrate that blocking PTHrP activity reduces primary tumor growth, prevents metastasis, and prolongs survival in mice.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1601.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Pitarresi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J Norgard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna M Chiarella
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Basil Bakir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Varun Sahu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jinyang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jun Zhao
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and the Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benoît Marchand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maximilian D Wengyn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antony Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Il-Kyu Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Sellin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vivian Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoji Miyahara
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and the Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Kremer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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19
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Di Gregorio J, Robuffo I, Spalletta S, Giambuzzi G, De Iuliis V, Toniato E, Martinotti S, Conti P, Flati V. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition as a Possible Therapeutic Target in Fibrotic Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607483. [PMID: 33409282 PMCID: PMC7779530 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which leads to scarring and loss of function of the affected organ or tissue. Indeed, the fibrotic process affects a variety of organs and tissues, with specific molecular background. However, two common hallmarks are shared: the crucial role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and the involvement of the inflammation process, that is essential for initiating the fibrotic degeneration. TGF-β in particular but also other cytokines regulate the most common molecular mechanism at the basis of fibrosis, the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT has been extensively studied, but not yet fully explored as a possible therapeutic target for fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the crosstalk between fibrosis and EMT may represent an opportunity for the development of a broadly effective anti-fibrotic therapy. Here we report the evidences of the relationship between EMT and multi-organ fibrosis, and the possible therapeutic approaches that may be developed by exploiting this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sonia Spalletta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, E. Profili Hospital, Fabriano, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Giambuzzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Iuliis
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Martinotti
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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20
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Alfredsson J, Wick MJ. Mechanism of fibrosis and stricture formation in Crohn's disease. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12990. [PMID: 33119150 PMCID: PMC7757243 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that leads to substantial suffering for millions of patients. In some patients, the chronic inflammation leads to remodelling of the extracellular matrix and fibrosis. Fibrosis, in combination with expansion of smooth muscle layers, leaves the bowel segment narrowed and stiff resulting in strictures, which often require urgent medical intervention. Although stricture development is associated with inflammation in the affected segment, anti‐inflammatory therapies fall far short of treating strictures. At best, current therapies might allow some patients to avoid surgery in a shorter perspective and no anti‐fibrotic therapy is yet available. This likely relates to our poor understanding of the mechanism underlying stricture development. Chronic inflammation is a prerequisite, but progression to strictures involves changes in fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in a poorly understood interplay with immune cells and environmental cues. Much of the experimental evidence available is from animal models, cell lines or non‐strictured patient tissue. Accordingly, these limitations create the basis for many previously published reviews covering the topic. Although this information has contributed to the understanding of fibrotic mechanisms in general, in the end, data must be validated in strictured tissue from patients. As stricture formation is a serious complication of CD, we endeavoured to summarize findings exclusively performed using strictured tissue from patients. Here, we give an update of the mechanism driving this serious complication in patients, and how the strictured tissue differs from adjacent unaffected tissue and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Alfredsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary Jo Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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He S, Tang J, Diao N, Liao Y, Shi J, Xu X, Xie F, Bai L. Parathyroid hormone-related protein activates HSCs via hedgehog signalling during liver fibrosis development. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1984-1994. [PMID: 31311343 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1615931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuying He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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