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Hamdi A, Horchani M, Jannet HB, Snoussi M, Noumi E, Bouali N, Kadri A, Polito F, De Feo V, Edziri H. In Vitro Screening of Antimicrobial and Anti-Coagulant Activities, ADME Profiling, and Molecular Docking Study of Citrus limon L. and Citrus paradisi L. Cold-Pressed Volatile Oils. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1669. [PMID: 38139796 PMCID: PMC10748103 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus, which belongs to the Rutaceae family, is a very widespread genus in the Mediterranean Basin. In Tunisia, various parts of these spontaneous or cultivated plants are used in common dishes or in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to investigate C. limon and C. paradisi essential oil (EO). The samples were studied for their chemical composition using SPME/MS, as well as their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) methods were used to evaluate the anticoagulant potentialities. The obtained results show that both essential oils are rich in monoterpenes hydrocarbons, whereby limonene is the main compound in C. paradisi EO (86.8%) and C. limon EO (60.6%). Moreover, C. paradisi EO contains β-pinene (13.3%), sabinene (2.2%) and α-pinene (2.1%). The antibacterial assay of the essential oils showed important bactericidal and fungicidal effects against all strains tested. In fact, the MICs values of C. limon EO ranged from 0.625 to 2.5 mg/mL against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL for Candida spp. strains, while C. paradisi EO was more active against all bacteria with low MICs values ranging from 0.192 to 0.786 mg/mL, and about 1.5 mg/mL against Candida species. Both tested Citrus EOs exhibited interesting anticoagulant activities as compared to heparin. The molecular docking approach was used to study the binding affinity and molecular interactions of all identified compounds with active sites of cytidine deaminase from Klebsiella pneumoniae (PDB: 6K63) and the C (30) carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase from Staphylococcus aureus (PDB: 2ZCQ). The obtained results show that limonene had the highest binding score of -4.6 kcal.mol-1 with 6K63 enzyme, and -6.7 kcal.mol-1 with 2ZCQ receptor. The ADME profiling of the major constituents confirmed their important pharmacokinetic and drug-like properties. Hence, the obtained results highlight the potential use of both C. limon and C. paradisi essential oils as sources of bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-coagulant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Hamdi
- Laboratory of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Mabrouk Horchani
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.H.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.H.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (N.B.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (N.B.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (E.N.); (N.B.)
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha’il, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Kadri
- College of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65527, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Hayet Edziri
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
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Moreno-Grua E, Pérez-Fuentes S, Viana D, Selva L, Martínez-Paredes E, Marín-García PJ, Pascual JJ, Corpa JM, Arnau-Bonachera A. Effect of selection for growth rate on the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) immune system and its response after experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1547-1560. [PMID: 37002454 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to evaluate if genetic selection for daily gain may affect the immune system. Two experiments were performed. The first one involved 80 rabbit females and their first two litters to explore the effect of selection on the ability of animals to maintain immune competence. Two generations from a line selected for average daily gain (ADG) were evaluated (VR19 generation 19th, n = 43; VR37 generation 37th, n = 37). In females, the effect of selection and its interaction with physiological state were not significant for any trait. In litters, the selection criterion increased the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio. The second experiment involved 73 19-week-old females (VR19, n = 39; VR37, n = 34) to explore the effect of genetic selection on immune response after S. aureus infection. The VR37 rabbit females had lower counts for total lymphocytes, CD5+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, monocytes, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and platelets than those of VR19 (-14, -21, -25, -15, -33, -18, -11 and -11%, respectively; P < 0.05). VR37 had less erythema (-8.4 percentage points; P < 0.05), fewer nodules (-6.5 percentage points; P < 0.05) and a smaller nodule size (-0.65 cm3 on 7 day post-inoculation; P < 0.05) compared to VR19. Our study suggests that genetic selection for average daily gain does not negatively affect the maintenance of a competent immune system or the ability to establish immune response. It seems that such selection may improve the response to S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moreno-Grua
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Biomedical Research Institute, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Assegadors nº 2Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Pérez-Fuentes
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Biomedical Research Institute, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Assegadors nº 2Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Viana
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Biomedical Research Institute, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Assegadors nº 2Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Selva
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Biomedical Research Institute, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Assegadors nº 2Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eugenio Martínez-Paredes
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Departamento Producción Y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Corpa
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Biomedical Research Institute, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Assegadors nº 2Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Arnau-Bonachera
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Biomedical Research Institute, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Assegadors nº 2Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain.
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Drug repurposing strategy: An emerging approach to identify potential therapeutics for treatment of bovine mastitis. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105691. [PMID: 35995254 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from bovine milk, along with its response to antibiotics, and ultimately reverse its mechanism of resistance by modulation with non-antibiotics. The synergistic combination of antibiotics with NSAIDs were tested in-vivo by giving MRSA challenge to rabbits. The current study reported an overall 23.79% prevalence of MRSA. The BLAST alignment of current study sequences revealed 99% similarity with mecA gene of MRSA from NCBI database. The current study isolates were more similar to each other and also with reference sequences as compared to other mecA gene sequences from Turkey, India, and Russia. Antibiogram of MRSA isolates showed a highly resistant response to cefoxitin, amoxicillin, and gentamicin. Amoxicillin, gentamicin, tylosin, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin elicited a significant response (p < 0.05) in combination with non-antibiotics against tested MRSA isolates. The highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) increase was noted for vancomycin in combination with flunixin meglumine (145.45%) and meloxicam (139.36%); gentamicin with flunixin meglumine (85.71%) and ciprofloxacin with ivermectin (71.13%). Synergistic behavior was observed in the combination of gentamicin with ketoprofen; sulfamethoxazole and oxytetracycline with meloxicam. Hematological analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among lymphocyte count and bilirubin. On histopathological examination of skin tissue, hyperplasia of epithelium, sloughed off epidermis, hyperkeratosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and hemorrhages were observed. The highest cure rate was observed in case of gentamicin in combination with ketoprofen as compared to other treatment groups. The current study concluded antibiotics in combination with non-antibiotics as potential therapeutic agents for resistance modulation against MRSA. This study will help to devise treatment and control strategies against bovine mastitis. Although the prospect of using NSAIDs to manage infections caused by MRSA appears to be a promising direction, further studies should be conducted to test these medications using suitable in-vivo models in controlled clinical trials to justify their repurposing as a treatment for MRSA infections.
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The Antibacterial Activity Mode of Action of Plantaricin YKX against Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134280. [PMID: 35807524 PMCID: PMC9268016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of plantaricin YKX on S. aureus. The mode of action of plantaricin YKX against the cells of S. aureus indicated that plantaricin YKX was able to cause the leakage of cellular content and damage the structure of the cell membranes. Additionally, plantaricin YKX was also able to inhibit the formation of S. aureus biofilms. As the concentration of plantaricin YKX reached 3/4 MIC, the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition was over 50%. Fluorescent dye labeling combined with fluorescence microscopy confirmed the results. Finally, the effect of plantaricin YKX on the AI-2/LuxS QS system was investigated. Molecular docking predicted that the binding energy of AI-2 and plantaricin YKX was −4.7 kcal/mol and the binding energy of bacteriocin and luxS protein was −183.701 kcal/mol. The expression of the luxS gene increased significantly after being cocultured with plantaricin YKX, suggesting that plantaricin YKX can affect the QS system of S. aureus.
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Malachowa N, McGuinness W, Kobayashi SD, Porter AR, Shaia C, Lovaglio J, Smith B, Rungelrath V, Saturday G, Scott DP, Falugi F, Missiakas D, Schneewind O, DeLeo FR. Toward Optimization of a Rabbit Model of Staphylococcus aureus (USA300) Skin and Soft Tissue Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0271621. [PMID: 35389241 PMCID: PMC9045089 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02716-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus remains a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) globally. In the United States, many of these infections are caused by isolates classified as USA300. Our understanding of the success of USA300 as a human pathogen is due in part to data obtained from animal infection models, including rabbit SSTI models. These animal models have been used to study S. aureus virulence and pathogenesis and to gain an enhanced understanding of the host response to infection. Although significant knowledge has been gained, the need to use a relatively high inoculum of USA300 (1 × 108 to 5 × 108 CFU) is a caveat of these infection models. As a step toward addressing this issue, we created mutations in USA300 that mimic those found in S. aureus strains with naturally occurring rabbit tropism-namely, single nucleotide polymorphisms in dltB and/or deletion of rot. We then developed a rabbit SSTI model that utilizes an inoculum of 106 USA300 CFU to cause reproducible disease and tested whether primary SSTI protects rabbits against severe reinfection caused by the same strain. Although there was modest protection against severe reinfection, primary infection and reinfection with rabbit-tropic USA300 strains failed to increase the overall level of circulating anti-S. aureus antibodies significantly. These findings provide additional insight into the host response to S. aureus. More work is needed to further develop a low-inoculum infection model that can be used to better test the potential of new therapeutics or vaccine target antigens. IMPORTANCE Animal models of S. aureus infection are important for evaluating bacterial pathogenesis and host immune responses. These animal infection models are often used as an initial step in the testing of vaccine antigens and new therapeutics. The extent to which animal models of S. aureus infection approximate human infections remains a significant consideration for translation of results to human clinical trials. Although significant progress has been made with rabbit models of S. aureus infection, one concern is the high inoculum needed to cause reproducible disease. Here, we generated USA300 strains that have tropism for rabbits and developed a rabbit SSTI model that uses fewer CFU than previous models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malachowa
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Will McGuinness
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Scott D. Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Adeline R. Porter
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Brian Smith
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Viktoria Rungelrath
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Dana P. Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Fabiana Falugi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Olaf Schneewind
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank R. DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Mirzaie A, Peirovi N, Akbarzadeh I, Moghtaderi M, Heidari F, Yeganeh FE, Noorbazargan H, Mirzazadeh S, Bakhtiari R. Preparation and optimization of ciprofloxacin encapsulated niosomes: A new approach for enhanced antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition and reduced antibiotic resistance in ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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