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Rowe SP, Murtazaliev S, Oldan JD, Kaufmann B, Khan A, Allaf ME, Singla N, Pavlovich CP, De Marzo AM, Baraban E, Gorin MA, Solnes LB. Imaging of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma with 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT: Considerations Regarding Risk Stratification and Histologic Reclassification. Mol Imaging Biol 2024:10.1007/s11307-024-01938-6. [PMID: 39078524 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Indeterminate renal masses are increasingly incidentally found on cross-sectional imaging. 99mTc-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scans can be used to identify oncocytomas and oncocytic renal neoplasms, including a subset of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (chRCCs), which are viewed as false-positive. PROCEDURE Patients imaged with renal sestamibi scans between 2014 and 2023 were reviewed. Those patients with solitary tumors that were originally classified as chRCC were included in the analysis. Imaging with SPECT/CT from the liver dome down had been carried out 75 min after the administration of 925 MBq of 99mTc-sestamibi. All available H&E and immunostained slides were re-reviewed and classified according to WHO 2022 criteria. Confirmatory immunohistochemical stains were performed in tumors considered morphologically suspicious for non-chRCC entities. RESULT A total of 18 patients with solitary tumors were included in the final analysis. 13/18 (72.2%) tumors in this cohort remained classified as chRCC, with 4/18 (22.2%) being eosinophilic-variant chRCC. The reclassified tumors (5/18 [27.8%]) included 2/18 (11.1%) low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT), 1/18 (5.5%) eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT), and 2/18 (11.1%) unclassified low-grade oncocytic neoplasms. As such, only 2/9 (22.2%) qualitatively "hot" tumors were chRCC other than eosinophilic-variant and only 1/9 (11.1%) "cold" tumors was a histology other than chRCC. CONCLUSION Based on current histopathologic classification methods, it is likely that the "false-positive" rate of uptake on renal sestamibi scans with chRCC has been over-stated. Further study is warranted to better refine the optimal utility of renal sestamibi scans for non-invasive risk stratification of indeterminate renal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Rowe
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Salikh Murtazaliev
- Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Jorge D Oldan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Basil Kaufmann
- Milton and Carroll Petrie Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amna Khan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad E Allaf
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian P Pavlovich
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ezra Baraban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Gorin
- Milton and Carroll Petrie Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lilja B Solnes
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Giarmarco M, Seto J, Brock D, Brockerhoff S. Spatial detection of mitochondrial DNA and RNA in tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1346778. [PMID: 38808224 PMCID: PMC11130414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1346778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial health has gained attention in a number of diseases, both as an indicator of disease state and as a potential therapeutic target. The quality and amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and RNA (mtRNA) can be important indicators of mitochondrial and cell health, but are difficult to measure in complex tissues. Methods mtDNA and mtRNA in zebrafish retina samples were fluorescently labeled using RNAscope™ in situ hybridization, then mitochondria were stained using immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment with RNase was used for validation. Confocal images were collected and analyzed, and relative amounts of mtDNA and mtRNA were reported. Findings regarding mtDNA were confirmed using qPCR. Results Signals from probes detecting mtDNA and mtRNA were localized to mitochondria, and were differentially sensitive to RNase. This labeling strategy allows for quantification of relative mtDNA and mtRNA levels in individual cells. As a demonstration of the method in a complex tissue, single photoreceptors in zebrafish retina were analyzed for mtDNA and mtRNA content. An increase in mtRNA but not mtDNA coincides with proliferation of mitochondria at night in cones. A similar trend was measured in rods. Discussion Mitochondrial gene expression is an important component of cell adaptations to disease, stress, or aging. This method enables the study of mtDNA and mtRNA in single cells of an intact, complex tissue. The protocol presented here uses commercially-available tools, and is adaptable to a range of species and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Giarmarco
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jordan Seto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan Brockerhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Li F, Xiang R, Liu Y, Hu G, Jiang Q, Jia T. Approaches and challenges in identifying, quantifying, and manipulating dynamic mitochondrial genome variations. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111123. [PMID: 38417637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses, possess their own unique genetic system, including replication, transcription, and translation. Studying these processes is crucial for comprehending mitochondrial disorders, energy production, and their related diseases. Over the past decades, various approaches have been applied in detecting and quantifying mitochondrial genome variations with also the purpose of manipulation of mitochondria or mitochondrial genome for therapeutics. Understanding the scope and limitations of above strategies is not only fundamental to the understanding of basic biology but also critical for exploring disease-related novel target(s), as well to develop innovative therapies. Here, this review provides an overview of different tools and techniques for accurate mitochondrial genome variations identification, quantification, and discuss novel strategies for the manipulation of mitochondria to develop innovative therapeutic interventions, through combining the insights gained from the study of mitochondrial genetics with ongoing single cell omics combined with advanced single molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Run Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanbo Jiang
- Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, 91405 Orsay, France; CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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4
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Ertunc O, Smearman E, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Brosnan-Cashman JA, Jones T, Gomes-Alexandre C, Trabzonlu L, Meeker AK, De Marzo AM, Heaphy CM. Chromogenic detection of telomere lengths in situ aids the identification of precancerous lesions in the prostate. Prostate 2024; 84:148-157. [PMID: 37849074 PMCID: PMC10843147 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are terminal chromosomal elements that are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. The measurement of telomere content provides useful diagnostic and prognostic information, and fluorescent methods have been developed for this purpose. However, fluorescent-based tissue assays are cumbersome for investigators to undertake, both in research and clinical settings. METHODS A robust chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) approach was developed to visualize and quantify telomere content at single cell resolution in human prostate tissues, both frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE). RESULTS This new assay (telomere chromogenic in situ hybridization ["Telo-CISH"]) produces permanently stained slides that are viewable with a standard light microscope, thus avoiding the need for specialized equipment and storage. The assay is compatible with standard immunohistochemistry, thereby allowing simultaneous assessment of histomorphology, identification of specific cell types, and assessment of telomere status. In addition, Telo-CISH eliminates the problem of autofluorescent interference that frequently occurs with fluorescent-based methods. Using this new assay, we demonstrate successful application of Telo-CISH to help identify precancerous lesions in the prostate by the presence of markedly short telomeres specifically in the luminal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, with fewer restrictions on the types of tissues that can be tested, and increased histologic information provided, the advantages presented by this novel chromogenic assay should extend the applicability of tissue-based telomere length assessment in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertunc
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erica Smearman
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Tracy Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Levent Trabzonlu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan K. Meeker
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher M. Heaphy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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5
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Buss LG, Rheinheimer BA, Limesand KH. Radiation-induced changes in energy metabolism result in mitochondrial dysfunction in salivary glands. Sci Rep 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 38191641 PMCID: PMC10774336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands are indirectly damaged during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, resulting in acute and chronic hyposalivation. Current treatments for radiation-induced hyposalivation do not permanently restore function to the gland; therefore, more mechanistic understanding of the damage response is needed to identify therapeutic targets for lasting restoration. Energy metabolism reprogramming has been observed in cancer and wound healing models to provide necessary fuel for cell proliferation; however, there is limited understanding of alterations in energy metabolism reprogramming in tissues that fail to heal. We measured extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rates, assessed mitochondrial DNA copy number, and tested fuel dependency of irradiated primary salivary acinar cells. Radiation treatment leads to increases in glycolytic flux, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production rate at acute and intermediate time points. In contrast, at chronic radiation time points there is a significant decrease in glycolytic flux, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production rate. Irradiated salivary glands exhibit significant decreases in spare respiratory capacity and increases in mitochondrial DNA copy number at days 5 and 30 post-treatment, suggesting a mitochondrial dysfunction phenotype. These results elucidate kinetic changes in energy metabolism reprogramming of irradiated salivary glands that may underscore the chronic loss of function phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Buss
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St, Shantz Building Room 421, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brenna A Rheinheimer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St, Shantz Building Room 421, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kirsten H Limesand
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St, Shantz Building Room 421, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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6
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Chen J, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Trabzonlu L, Ozbek B, Jones T, Vaghasia AM, Larman TC, Wang R, Markowski MC, Denmeade SR, Pienta KJ, Hruban RH, Antonarakis ES, Gupta A, Dang CV, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM. MYC-driven increases in mitochondrial DNA copy number occur early and persist throughout prostatic cancer progression. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169868. [PMID: 37971875 PMCID: PMC10807718 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased mitochondrial function may render some cancers vulnerable to mitochondrial inhibitors. Since mitochondrial function is regulated partly by mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), accurate measurements of mtDNAcn could help reveal which cancers are driven by increased mitochondrial function and may be candidates for mitochondrial inhibition. However, prior studies have employed bulk macrodissections that fail to account for cell type-specific or tumor cell heterogeneity in mtDNAcn. These studies have often produced unclear results, particularly in prostate cancer. Herein, we developed a multiplex in situ method to spatially quantify cell type-specific mtDNAcn. We show that mtDNAcn is increased in luminal cells of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), is increased in prostatic adenocarcinomas (PCa), and is further elevated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Increased PCa mtDNAcn was validated by 2 orthogonal methods and is accompanied by increases in mtRNAs and enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, MYC inhibition in prostate cancer cells decreases mtDNA replication and expression of several mtDNA replication genes, and MYC activation in the mouse prostate leads to increased mtDNA levels in the neoplastic prostate cells. Our in situ approach also revealed elevated mtDNAcn in precancerous lesions of the pancreas and colon/rectum, demonstrating generalization across cancer types using clinical tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Levent Trabzonlu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Busra Ozbek
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy Jones
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tatianna C. Larman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sam R. Denmeade
- Department of Oncology and
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- Department of Oncology and
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology and
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Chi V. Dang
- Department of Oncology and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology and
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology and
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Buss LG, Rheinheimer BA, Limesand KH. Radiation-Induced Changes in Energy Metabolism Result in Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Salivary Glands. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568879. [PMID: 38077038 PMCID: PMC10705263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Salivary glands are indirectly damaged during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, resulting in acute and chronic hyposalivation. Current treatments for radiation-induced hyposalivation do not permanently restore function to the gland; therefore, more mechanistic understanding of the damage response is needed to identify therapeutic targets for lasting restoration. Energy metabolism reprogramming has been observed in cancer and wound healing models to provide necessary fuel for cell proliferation; however, there is limited understanding of alterations in energy metabolism reprogramming in tissues that fail to heal. We measured extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rates, assessed mitochondrial DNA copy number, and tested fuel dependency of irradiated primary salivary acinar cells. Radiation treatment leads to increases in glycolytic flux, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production rate at acute and intermediate time points. In contrast, at chronic radiation time points there is a significant decrease in glycolytic flux, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production rate. Irradiated salivary glands exhibit significant decreases in spare respiratory capacity and increases in mitochondrial DNA copy number at days 5 and 30 post-treatment, suggesting a mitochondrial dysfunction phenotype. These results elucidate kinetic changes in energy metabolism reprogramming of irradiated salivary glands that may underscore the chronic loss of function phenotype.
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8
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Staiano C, García-Corzo L, Mantle D, Turton N, Millichap LE, Brea-Calvo G, Hargreaves I. Biosynthesis, Deficiency, and Supplementation of Coenzyme Q. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1469. [PMID: 37508007 PMCID: PMC10375973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally identified as a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, Coenzyme Q (CoQ or CoQ10 for human tissues) has recently been revealed to be essential for many different redox processes, not only in the mitochondria, but elsewhere within other cellular membrane types. Cells rely on endogenous CoQ biosynthesis, and defects in this still-not-completely understood pathway result in primary CoQ deficiencies, a group of conditions biochemically characterised by decreased tissue CoQ levels, which in turn are linked to functional defects. Secondary CoQ deficiencies may result from a wide variety of cellular dysfunctions not directly linked to primary synthesis. In this article, we review the current knowledge on CoQ biosynthesis, the defects leading to diminished CoQ10 levels in human tissues and their associated clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Staiano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Lauren E Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
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9
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Ertunc O, Smearman E, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Brosnan-Cashman JA, Jones T, Gomes-Alexandre C, Trabzonlu L, Meeker AK, De Marzo AM, Heaphy CM. Chromogenic detection of telomere lengths in situ aids the identification of precancerous lesions in the prostate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535575. [PMID: 37066381 PMCID: PMC10104079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are terminal chromosomal elements that are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. The measurement of telomere content provides useful diagnostic and prognostic information, and fluorescent methods have been developed for this purpose. However, fluorescent-based tissue assays are cumbersome for investigators to undertake, both in research and clinical settings. Here, a robust chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) approach was developed to visualize and quantify telomere content at single cell resolution in human prostate tissues, both frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE). This new assay ("Telo-CISH") produces permanently stained slides that are viewable with a standard light microscope, thus avoiding the need for specialized equipment and storage. The assay is compatible with standard immunohistochemistry, thereby allowing simultaneous assessment of histomorphology, identification of specific cell types, and assessment of telomere status. In addition, Telo-CISH eliminates the problem of autofluorescent interference that frequently occurs with fluorescent-based methods. Using this new assay, we demonstrate successful application of Telo-CISH to help identify precancerous lesions in the prostate by the presence of markedly short telomeres specifically in the luminal epithelial cells. In summary, with fewer restrictions on the types of tissues that can be tested, and increased histologic information provided, the advantages presented by this novel chromogenic assay should extend the applicability of tissue-based telomere length assessment in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertunc
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Erica Smearman
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Tracy Jones
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Levent Trabzonlu
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Alan K. Meeker
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher M. Heaphy
- The Department of Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Chen J, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Trabzonlu L, Ozbek B, Jones T, Vaghasia A, Larman TC, Wang R, Markowski MC, Denmeade SR, Pienta KJ, Hruban RH, Antonarakis ES, Gupta A, Dang CV, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM. MYC-driven increases in mitochondrial DNA copy number occur early and persist throughout prostatic cancer progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.20.529259. [PMID: 36865273 PMCID: PMC9979994 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.529259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased mitochondrial function may render some cancers vulnerable to mitochondrial inhibitors. Since mitochondrial function is regulated partly by mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), accurate measurements of mtDNAcn could help reveal which cancers are driven by increased mitochondrial function and may be candidates for mitochondrial inhibition. However, prior studies have employed bulk macrodissections that fail to account for cell type-specific or tumor cell heterogeneity in mtDNAcn. These studies have often produced unclear results, particularly in prostate cancer. Herein, we developed a multiplex in situ method to spatially quantify cell type specific mtDNAcn. We show that mtDNAcn is increased in luminal cells of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), is increased in prostatic adenocarcinomas (PCa), and is further elevated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Increased PCa mtDNAcn was validated by two orthogonal methods and is accompanied by increases in mtRNAs and enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, MYC inhibition in prostate cancer cells decreases mtDNA replication and expression of several mtDNA replication genes, and MYC activation in the mouse prostate leads to increased mtDNA levels in the neoplastic prostate cells. Our in situ approach also revealed elevated mtDNAcn in precancerous lesions of the pancreas and colon/rectum, demonstrating generalization across cancer types using clinical tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Levent Trabzonlu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Busra Ozbek
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy Jones
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ajay Vaghasia
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tatianna C. Larman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rulin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark C. Markowski
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sam R. Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anuj Gupta
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Feng J, Chen Z, Liang W, Wei Z, Ding G. Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Kidney Diseases: A New Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315166. [PMID: 36499488 PMCID: PMC9735745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a mitochondria-rich organ, and kidney diseases are recognized as mitochondria-related pathologies. Intact mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintains normal mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mtDNA damage, including impaired mtDNA replication, mtDNA mutation, mtDNA leakage, and mtDNA methylation, is involved in the progression of kidney diseases. Herein, we review the roles of mtDNA damage in different setting of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In a variety of kidney diseases, mtDNA damage is closely associated with loss of kidney function. The level of mtDNA in peripheral serum and urine also reflects the status of kidney injury. Alleviating mtDNA damage can promote the recovery of mitochondrial function by exogenous drug treatment and thus reduce kidney injury. In short, we conclude that mtDNA damage may serve as a novel biomarker for assessing kidney injury in different causes of renal dysfunction, which provides a new theoretical basis for mtDNA-targeted intervention as a therapeutic option for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhongping Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Yokomizo T, Ideue T, Morino-Koga S, Tham CY, Sato T, Takeda N, Kubota Y, Kurokawa M, Komatsu N, Ogawa M, Araki K, Osato M, Suda T. Independent origins of fetal liver haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Nature 2022; 609:779-784. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Gureev AP, Andrianova NV, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Chernyshova EV, Sadovnikova IS, Chistyakov DV, Popkov VA, Semenovich DS, Babenko VA, Silachev DN, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Popov VN. Dietary restriction modulates mitochondrial DNA damage and oxylipin profile in aged rats. FEBS J 2022; 289:5697-5713. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology Voronezh Russia
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Ljubava D. Zorova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | | | - Irina S. Sadovnikova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Semenovich
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology Voronezh Russia
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14
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Lin Q, Chen J, Gu L, Dan X, Zhang C, Yang Y. New insights into mitophagy and stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:452. [PMID: 34380561 PMCID: PMC8359610 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a specific autophagic phenomenon in which damaged or redundant mitochondria are selectively cleared by autophagic lysosomes. A decrease in mitophagy can accelerate the aging process. Mitophagy is related to health and longevity and is the key to protecting stem cells from metabolic stress damage. Mitophagy decreases the metabolic level of stem cells by clearing active mitochondria, so mitophagy is becoming increasingly necessary to maintain the regenerative capacity of old stem cells. Stem cell senescence is the core problem of tissue aging, and tissue aging occurs not only in stem cells but also in transport amplifying cell chambers and the stem cell environment. The loss of the autophagic ability of stem cells can cause the accumulation of mitochondria and the activation of the metabolic state as well as damage the self-renewal ability and regeneration potential of stem cells. However, the claim remains controversial. Mitophagy is an important survival strategy against nutrient deficiency and starvation, and mitochondrial function and integrity may affect the viability, proliferation and differentiation potential, and longevity of normal stem cells. Mitophagy can affect the health and longevity of the human body, so the number of studies in this field has increased, but the mechanism by which mitophagy participates in stem cell development is still not fully understood. This review describes the potential significance of mitophagy in stem cell developmental processes, such as self-renewal, differentiation and aging. Through this work, we discovered the role and mechanism of mitophagy in different types of stem cells, identified novel targets for killing cancer stem cells and curing cancer, and provided new insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 75004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 75004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 75004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Dan
- The Agricultural College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 75004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Vidal I, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Chen J, Platz EA, Trock BJ, Kulac I, Baena-Del Valle JA, Sfanos KS, Ernst S, Jones T, Maynard JP, Glavaris SA, Nelson WG, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM. GSTP1 positive prostatic adenocarcinomas are more common in Black than White men in the United States. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241934. [PMID: 34191807 PMCID: PMC8244883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GSTP1 is a member of the Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) family silenced by CpG island DNA hypermethylation in 90-95% of prostate cancers. However, prostate cancers expressing GSTP1 have not been well characterized. We used immunohistochemistry against GSTP1 to examine 1673 primary prostatic adenocarcinomas on tissue microarrays (TMAs) with redundant sampling from the index tumor from prostatectomies. GSTP1 protein was positive in at least one TMA core in 7.7% of cases and in all TMA cores in 4.4% of cases. The percentage of adenocarcinomas from Black patients who had any GSTP1 positive TMA cores was 14.9%, which was 2.5 times higher than the percentage from White patients (5.9%; P < 0.001). Further, the percentages of tumors from Black patients who had all TMA spots positive for GSTP1 (9.5%) was 3-fold higher than the percentage from White patients (3.2%; P<0.001). In terms of association with other molecular alterations, GSTP1 positivity was enriched in ERG positive cancers among Black men. By in situ hybridization, GSTP1 mRNA expression was concordant with protein staining, supporting the lack of silencing of at least some GSTP1 alleles in GSTP1-positive tumor cells. This is the first report revealing that GSTP1-positive prostate cancers are substantially over-represented among prostate cancers from Black compared to White men. This observation should prompt additional studies to determine whether GSTP1 positive cases represent a distinct molecular subtype of prostate cancer and whether GSTP1 expression could provide a biological underpinning for the observed disparate outcomes for Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Vidal
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Research Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Trock
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Research Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Karen S. Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Research Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ernst
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tracy Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janielle P. Maynard
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Glavaris
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William G. Nelson
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Research Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Research Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Brady Urological Research Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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16
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Bebbere D, Ulbrich SE, Giller K, Zakhartchenko V, Reichenbach HD, Reichenbach M, Verma PJ, Wolf E, Ledda S, Hiendleder S. Mitochondrial DNA Depletion in Granulosa Cell Derived Nuclear Transfer Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664099. [PMID: 34124044 PMCID: PMC8194821 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a key technology with broad applications that range from production of cloned farm animals to derivation of patient-matched stem cells or production of humanized animal organs for xenotransplantation. However, effects of aberrant epigenetic reprogramming on gene expression compromise cell and organ phenotype, resulting in low success rate of SCNT. Standard SCNT procedures include enucleation of recipient oocytes before the nuclear donor cell is introduced. Enucleation removes not only the spindle apparatus and chromosomes of the oocyte but also the perinuclear, mitochondria rich, ooplasm. Here, we use a Bos taurus SCNT model with in vitro fertilized (IVF) and in vivo conceived controls to demonstrate a ∼50% reduction in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the liver and skeletal muscle, but not the brain, of SCNT fetuses at day 80 of gestation. In the muscle, we also observed significantly reduced transcript abundances of mtDNA-encoded subunits of the respiratory chain. Importantly, mtDNA content and mtDNA transcript abundances correlate with hepatomegaly and muscle hypertrophy of SCNT fetuses. Expression of selected nuclear-encoded genes pivotal for mtDNA replication was similar to controls, arguing against an indirect epigenetic nuclear reprogramming effect on mtDNA amount. We conclude that mtDNA depletion is a major signature of perturbations after SCNT. We further propose that mitochondrial perturbation in interaction with incomplete nuclear reprogramming drives abnormal epigenetic features and correlated phenotypes, a concept supported by previously reported effects of mtDNA depletion on the epigenome and the pleiotropic phenotypic effects of mtDNA depletion in humans. This provides a novel perspective on the reprogramming process and opens new avenues to improve SCNT protocols for healthy embryo and tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bebbere
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zürich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Giller
- ETH Zürich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst-Dieter Reichenbach
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute of Animal Breeding, Grub, Germany
| | - Myriam Reichenbach
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Bayern-Genetik GmbH, Grub, Germany
| | - Paul J Verma
- Livestock Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio Ledda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefan Hiendleder
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Science, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.,Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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17
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Baik JY, Liu Z, Jiao D, Kwon HJ, Yan J, Kadigamuwa C, Choe M, Lake R, Kruhlak M, Tandon M, Cai Z, Choksi S, Liu ZG. ZBP1 not RIPK1 mediates tumor necroptosis in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2666. [PMID: 33976222 PMCID: PMC8113527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis happens commonly in advanced solid tumors. We reported that necroptosis plays a major role in tumor necrosis. Although several key necroptosis regulators including receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) have been identified, the regulation of tumor necroptosis during tumor development remains elusive. Here, we report that Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), not RIPK1, mediates tumor necroptosis during tumor development in preclinical cancer models. We found that ZBP1 expression is dramatically elevated in necrotic tumors. Importantly, ZBP1, not RIPK1, deletion blocks tumor necroptosis during tumor development and inhibits metastasis. We showed that glucose deprivation triggers ZBP1-depedent necroptosis in tumor cells. Glucose deprivation causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release to the cytoplasm and the binding of mtDNA to ZBP1 to activate MLKL in a BCL-2 family protein, NOXA-dependent manner. Therefore, our study reveals ZBP1 as the key regulator of tumor necroptosis and provides a potential drug target for controlling tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Baik
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoshan Liu
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Delong Jiao
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyung-Joon Kwon
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiong Yan
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chamila Kadigamuwa
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moran Choe
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kruhlak
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayank Tandon
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Swati Choksi
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Gang Liu
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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Gueguen N, Baris O, Lenaers G, Reynier P, Spinazzi M. Secondary coenzyme Q deficiency in neurological disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:203-218. [PMID: 33450382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a ubiquitous lipid serving essential cellular functions. It is the only component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that can be exogenously absorbed. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge, controversies, and open questions about CoQ intracellular and tissue distribution, in particular in brain and skeletal muscle. We discuss human neurological diseases and mouse models associated with secondary CoQ deficiency in these tissues and highlight pharmacokinetic and anatomical challenges in exogenous CoQ biodistribution, recent improvements in CoQ formulations and imaging, as well as alternative therapeutical strategies to CoQ supplementation. The last section proposes possible mechanisms underlying secondary CoQ deficiency in human diseases with emphasis on neurological and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naig Gueguen
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Baris
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France.
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19
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Mehta AR, Gregory JM, Dando O, Carter RN, Burr K, Nanda J, Story D, McDade K, Smith C, Morton NM, Mahad DJ, Hardingham GE, Chandran S, Selvaraj BT. Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons cause dysfunctional axonal homeostasis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:257-279. [PMID: 33398403 PMCID: PMC7847443 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Axonal dysfunction is a common phenotype in neurodegenerative disorders, including in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where the key pathological cell-type, the motor neuron (MN), has an axon extending up to a metre long. The maintenance of axonal function is a highly energy-demanding process, raising the question of whether MN cellular energetics is perturbed in ALS, and whether its recovery promotes axonal rescue. To address this, we undertook cellular and molecular interrogation of multiple patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines and patient autopsy samples harbouring the most common ALS causing mutation, C9orf72. Using paired mutant and isogenic expansion-corrected controls, we show that C9orf72 MNs have shorter axons, impaired fast axonal transport of mitochondrial cargo, and altered mitochondrial bioenergetic function. RNAseq revealed reduced gene expression of mitochondrially encoded electron transport chain transcripts, with neuropathological analysis of C9orf72-ALS post-mortem tissue importantly confirming selective dysregulation of the mitochondrially encoded transcripts in ventral horn spinal MNs, but not in corresponding dorsal horn sensory neurons, with findings reflected at the protein level. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was unaltered, both in vitro and in human post-mortem tissue. Genetic manipulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in C9orf72 MNs corrected the bioenergetic deficit and also rescued the axonal length and transport phenotypes. Collectively, our data show that loss of mitochondrial function is a key mediator of axonal dysfunction in C9orf72-ALS, and that boosting MN bioenergetics is sufficient to restore axonal homeostasis, opening new potential therapeutic strategies for ALS that target mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan R Mehta
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenna M Gregory
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roderick N Carter
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Burr
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jyoti Nanda
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Story
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karina McDade
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Don J Mahad
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, India.
| | - Bhuvaneish T Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Prole DL, Chinnery PF, Jones NS. Visualizing, quantifying, and manipulating mitochondrial DNA in vivo. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17588-17601. [PMID: 33454000 PMCID: PMC7762947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins and RNAs that support the functions of mitochondria and thereby numerous physiological processes. Mutations of mtDNA can cause mitochondrial diseases and are implicated in aging. The mtDNA within cells is organized into nucleoids within the mitochondrial matrix, but how mtDNA nucleoids are formed and regulated within cells remains incompletely resolved. Visualization of mtDNA within cells is a powerful means by which mechanistic insight can be gained. Manipulation of the amount and sequence of mtDNA within cells is important experimentally and for developing therapeutic interventions to treat mitochondrial disease. This review details recent developments and opportunities for improvements in the experimental tools and techniques that can be used to visualize, quantify, and manipulate the properties of mtDNA within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Prole
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Nick S Jones
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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