1
|
Liu Q, Guan Y, Li S. Programmed death receptor (PD-)1/PD-ligand (L)1 in urological cancers : the "all-around warrior" in immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:183. [PMID: 39223527 PMCID: PMC11367915 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are essential molecules that are key in modulating immune responses. PD-L1 is constitutively expressed on various immune cells, epithelial cells, and cancer cells, where it functions as a co-stimulatory molecule capable of impairing T-cell mediated immune responses. Upon binding to PD-1 on activated T-cells, the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction triggers signaling pathways that can induce T-cell apoptosis or anergy, thereby facilitating the immune escape of tumors. In urological cancers, including bladder cancer (BCa), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and prostate cancer (PCa), the upregulation of PD-L1 has been demonstrated. It is linked to poor prognosis and enhanced tumor immune evasion. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the immune escape mechanisms of urological cancers. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 on T-cells further contributes to immunosuppression by inhibiting T-cell activation and proliferation. Clinical applications of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in treating advanced urological cancers, significantly improving patient outcomes. However, resistance to these therapies, either intrinsic or acquired, remains a significant challenge. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in urological cancers. We summarize the regulatory mechanism underlying PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and activity, including genetic, epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications. Additionally, we discuss current clinical research on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, their therapeutic potential, and the challenges associated with resistance. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing new strategies to overcome therapeutic limitations and enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China
| | - Yujing Guan
- Second Ward of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China
- The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research on Gastrointestinal Tumor Combining Medicine with Engineering, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China
- Institute of Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116024, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Second Ward of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China.
- The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research on Gastrointestinal Tumor Combining Medicine with Engineering, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China.
- Institute of Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hwang C, Kang YK, Kim JY, Shin SH, Park JY, Song JS, Kim SY, Jung SJ, Lee JH, Na JY, Shin DH, Kim JY, Park SW, Lee HJ. TFE3/PI3K/Akt/mTOR Axis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Affects Tumor Microenvironment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1306-1316. [PMID: 38588851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapies has not been investigated thoroughly. Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) expression is related to a poorer prognosis and tumor microenvironment in patients with RCC. This study aimed to determine the relationship between TFE3 and the PI3K/Akt pathway. TFE3 down-regulation was achieved by transient transfection of siRNA and shRNA in UOK146 cells. TFE3 overexpression was induced by transient transfection with pcDNA3.1 encoding the constitutively active form of TFE3. The cells were treated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and PI3K inhibitors. Western blot was performed to detect TFE3, programmed death-ligand 1, phospho-Akt, and Akt. Phospho-Akt expression increased significantly upon TFE3 down-regulation, and decreased significantly upon up-regulation. When RCC cells were treated with a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), TFE3 expression increased and phospho-Akt expression decreased. Data from this study indicate that TFE3 plays a role in the PI3K/Akt pathway in RCC. The results of this study suggest that PI3K/Akt inhibitors may aid in the treatment of patients with RCC by affecting the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chungsu Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - So Hyun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Joon Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Song
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Se Jin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Na
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Guo X, Meng Z, Cui Y, Sun Y. Pregnant patient with Xp11.2/transcription factor E3 translocation renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1388880. [PMID: 38988705 PMCID: PMC11233431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1388880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MiT family translocation renal cell carcinomas (tRCCs) primarily include Xp11.2/transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusion-associated renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 tRCC) and t(6;11)/TFEB gene fusion-associated RCC. Clinical cases of these carcinomas are rare. Fluorescence in situ hybridization can be used to identify the type, but there are no standard diagnostic and treatment methods available, and the prognosis remains controversial. Herein, we present a case of a patient with Xp11.2 tRCC at 29 weeks of gestation. The baby was successfully delivered, and radical surgery was performed for renal cancer at the same time. This is a unique and extremely rare case. We have described the case and performed a literature review to report the progress of current research on the treatment and prognosis of pregnant patients with Xp11.2/TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma. This study aims to contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of Xp11.2 tRCC in pregnant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Wang
- Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Weifang People'sHospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yaofei Sun
- Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stötzel M, Cheng CY, IIik IA, Kumar AS, Omgba PA, van der Weijden VA, Zhang Y, Vingron M, Meissner A, Aktaş T, Kretzmer H, Bulut-Karslioğlu A. TET activity safeguards pluripotency throughout embryonic dormancy. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01313-7. [PMID: 38783076 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Dormancy is an essential biological process for the propagation of many life forms through generations and stressful conditions. Early embryos of many mammals are preservable for weeks to months within the uterus in a dormant state called diapause, which can be induced in vitro through mTOR inhibition. Cellular strategies that safeguard original cell identity within the silent genomic landscape of dormancy are not known. Here we show that the protection of cis-regulatory elements from silencing is key to maintaining pluripotency in the dormant state. We reveal a TET-transcription factor axis, in which TET-mediated DNA demethylation and recruitment of methylation-sensitive transcription factor TFE3 drive transcriptionally inert chromatin adaptations during dormancy transition. Perturbation of TET activity compromises pluripotency and survival of mouse embryos under dormancy, whereas its enhancement improves survival rates. Our results reveal an essential mechanism for propagating the cellular identity of dormant cells, with implications for regeneration and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Stötzel
- Stem Cell Chromatin Lab, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chieh-Yu Cheng
- Stem Cell Chromatin Lab, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ibrahim A IIik
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abhishek Sampath Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Persia Akbari Omgba
- Stem Cell Chromatin Lab, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Yufei Zhang
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tuğçe Aktaş
- Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fekete M, Major D, Feher A, Fazekas-Pongor V, Lehoczki A. Geroscience and pathology: a new frontier in understanding age-related diseases. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611623. [PMID: 38463143 PMCID: PMC10922957 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Geroscience, a burgeoning discipline at the intersection of aging and disease, aims to unravel the intricate relationship between the aging process and pathogenesis of age-related diseases. This paper explores the pivotal role played by geroscience in reshaping our understanding of pathology, with a particular focus on age-related diseases. These diseases, spanning cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders, malignancies, and neurodegenerative conditions, significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of older individuals. We delve into the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning aging, including mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence, and elucidate their profound implications for the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases. Emphasis is placed on the importance of assessing key biomarkers of aging and biological age within the realm of pathology. We also scrutinize the interplay between cellular senescence and cancer biology as a central area of focus, underscoring its paramount significance in contemporary pathological research. Moreover, we shed light on the integration of anti-aging interventions that target fundamental aging processes, such as senolytics, mitochondria-targeted treatments, and interventions that influence epigenetic regulation within the domain of pathology research. In conclusion, the integration of geroscience concepts into pathological research heralds a transformative paradigm shift in our understanding of disease pathogenesis and promises breakthroughs in disease prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Major
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Feher
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shin M, Ahn S, Jung J, Hyung S, Kim K, Kim ST, Kang WK, Lee J. Impact of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity on clinical and molecular features of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18633-18642. [PMID: 37654198 PMCID: PMC10557860 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important screening biomarker to select patients with gastric cancer (GC) for optimized treatment, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). METHODS In this single-institution retrospective cohort study, patients with metastatic GC with available PD-L1 results between October 2019 and September 2021 were identified by reviewing their electronic medical records. Genomic data were obtained from the Samsung Medical Center Clinical Sequencing Platform. RESULTS Among the 399 patients, 276 (69%) had a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥1, 155 (39%) had a CPS between 1 and 5, and 121 (30%) had a CPS ≥5. Of the 121 patients with CPS ≥5, 28 (23%) had a known etiology for "inflamed tumor," with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity (N = 11) or high tumor mutational burden (TMB) (N = 17), which included microsatellite instability (MSI) (N = 9). PD-L1 CPS ≥5 was observed in 11/11 (100%) patients with EBV positivity, 9/12 (75%) patients with MSI, and 17/33 (52%) patients with high TMB. For the 108 patients who received ICI therapy, CPS ≥5 was the only predictor significantly associated with survival in multivariable analyses, including TMB, MSI, or EBV. Objective response rate (ORR) was 49% in patients with CPS ≥5, 30% in patients with 1 ≤ CPS <5, and 19% in patients with CPS <1. Among the 31 responders to ICI therapy, 27 (87%) had a CPS of ≥1. Mutations in TET2, IRS2, DOT1L, PTPRT, and LRP1B were associated with a higher ORR (63%-100%), whereas MDC1 mutations were associated with a low ORR (22%). CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 expression is an independent and sensitive biomarker for ICI therapy. Considering its significant association with several gene alterations, including PIK3CA mutations and MET amplification, combining ICI therapy with other targeted agents may be a promising therapeutic strategy for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyue Shin
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational GenomicsSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jaeyun Jung
- Innovative Institute for Precision Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sujin Hyung
- Innovative Institute for Precision Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational GenomicsSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Huang G, Yang J, Jiang Y, Huang R, Ye Z, Huang Y, Hu H, Xi X. Overexpression of DBT suppresses the aggressiveness of renal clear cell carcinoma and correlates with immune infiltration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197011. [PMID: 37383233 PMCID: PMC10293648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapy for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is unpromising. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is intimately linked to the invasiveness of a variety of tumor forms, including KIRC. The purpose of this research is to establish the prognostic and immune-related significance of dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) in individuals with KIRC. In this investigation, we discovered that DBT expression was down-regulated in a range of human malignancies, and low DBT expression in KIRC was linked to higher-level clinicopathological characteristics as well as a poor prognosis for KIRC patients. Based on the findings of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, DBT might be employed as an independent prognostic factor in KIRC patients. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram to better investigate DBT's predictive usefulness. To confirm DBT expression, we examined KIRC cell lines using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. We also examined the role of DBT in KIRC using colony formation, CCK-8, EdU, transwell, and wound healing assays. We discovered that plasmid-mediated overexpression of DBT in KIRC cells slowed cell proliferation and decreased migration and invasion. Multiple enrichment analyses revealed that DBT may be involved in processes and pathways related to immunotherapy and drug metabolism. We computed the immune infiltration score and discovered that the immunological score and the ESTIMATE score were both greater in the DBT low expression group. According to the CIBERSORT algorithm, DBT seems to promote anti-cancer immune responses in KIRC by activating M1 macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells while inhibiting regulatory T cells. Finally, in KIRC, DBT expression was found to be highly linked to immunological checkpoints, targeted medicines, and immunotherapeutic agents. Our findings suggest that DBT is a distinct predictive biomarker for KIRC patients, playing a significant role in the TME of KIRC and serving as a reference for the selection of targeted treatment and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaomin Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiale Yang
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yawei Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
MiT translocation renal cell carcinoma: A review of the literature from molecular characterization to clinical management. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|