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Giezenaar C, Montoya CA, Kreutz K, Hodgkinson S, Roy NC, Mace LJ, Fraser K, Fernstrom JD, McNabb WC, Moughan PJ. Effects of Different Protein Sources on Amino Acid Absorption and Plasma Appearance of Tryptophan, Large Neutral Amino Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolites in Pigs. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00391-2. [PMID: 39019158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absorption of tryptophan (TRP) across the gut epithelium is potentially modulated by competing large neutral amino acids (LNAAs), which could affect the appearance of TRP and its metabolites in the bloodstream. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine, in a growing pig model of an adult human, the absorption of TRP and other LNAAs from the gastrointestinal tract, and plasma appearance of TRP, LNAAs, and TRP metabolites, in response to dietary proteins varying in TRP content. METHODS Pigs were adapted for 7 d to each of 4 diets that differed in their protein source and TRP content: 1) alpha-lactalbumin (AL; 9.95 mg TRP/g diet DM), 2) whey protein (6.59 mg TRP/g), 3) casein (3.73 mg TRP/g), or 4) zein (0.14 mg TRP/g). On day 8, pigs were euthanised after a 12-h fast (baseline), or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 h after they received a test meal consisting of 45 g protein, or a protein-free meal (n = 6 pigs at each time in each meal group). Tryptophan and LNAA absorption from the small intestine, and appearance of TRP, LNAAs, and TRP metabolites (melatonin, serotonin, kynurenine pathway metabolites), in the portal vein and systemic circulation, were determined. RESULTS AL intake resulted in sustained elevated plasma TRP concentrations after an overnight fast. The amount of TRP absorbed was dose-dependently related to protein TRP content (P = 0.028), with fastest rates for pigs fed AL (371 mg/h). Portal and systemic plasma TRP, TRP/LNAA, and the TRP metabolites were highest (P ≤ 0.05) after AL intake, and remained above baseline levels for ∼4 h postprandially. Absorption rates of TRP correlated with postprandial plasma TRP and TRP metabolites (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In adult humans, postprandial plasma TRP and TRP metabolite concentrations can likely be modulated by the TRP content of the meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Carlos A Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Smart Foods and Bioproducts, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Kreutz
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne Hodgkinson
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Louise J Mace
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John D Fernstrom
- Department of Psychiatry, and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Laborda P, Yang Y, Liu F. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Gene, xoSNAT3, from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1865. [PMID: 36767232 PMCID: PMC9914633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the top ten bacterial plant diseases worldwide. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is one of the key rate-limiting enzymes in melatonin (MT) biosynthesis. However, its function in pathogenic bacteria remains unclear. In this study, a Xoo SNAT protein (xoSNAT3) that showed 27.39% homology with sheep SNAT was identified from a collection of 24 members of GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily in Xoo. This xoSNAT3 could be induced by MT. In tobacco-based transient expression system, xoSNAT3 was found localized on mitochondria. In vitro studies indicated that xoSNAT3 showed the optima enzymatic activity at 50 °C. The recombinant enzyme showed Km and Vmax values of 709.98 μM and 2.21 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Mutant △xoSNAT3 showed greater impaired MT biosynthesis than the wild-type strain. Additionally, △xoSNAT3 showed 14.06% less virulence and 26.07% less biofilm formation. Collectively, our results indicated that xoSNAT3 services as a SNAT involved in MT biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety—State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yancun Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety—State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety—State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
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Dermanowski MM, Hejduk A, Kuczyńska J, Wichniak A, Urbańska A, Mierzejewski P. Assessment of dim light melatonin onset based on plasma and saliva samples. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:626-635. [PMID: 35168448 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2016796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MELA) is a nocturnal hormone involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. MELA can be detected in plasma and saliva, and its salivary concentration strongly correlates with its plasma concentration. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is considered to be the most accurate objective marker for assessing the circadian phase. The purpose of the study was to establish a method for the determination of MELA in plasma and saliva based on the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and compare DLMO using both plasma and saliva matrices. The validation of the LC-MS/MS methods was performed in accordance with the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline. The study was conducted on a group of 21 volunteers, male and females, aged 26-54 years. Plasma and saliva were collected at five time points: between 20:00 and 00:00 hours. The MELA concentration was determined by the LC-MS/MS. The DLMO was considered as the point in time when MELA concentration exceeds 20 pg/mL in plasma and 7 pg/mL in saliva. The correlation coefficient between the plasma and salivary MELA concentration was r = 0.764 (p < .001). The ratio of the plasma/saliva MELA concentrations was 2.87. The mean time of the DLMO in the plasma was 21:30 ± 0:45 hours, and in the saliva was as follows: 21:34 ± 1:00 hours. The correlation between the DLMO, calculated based on the plasma and saliva MELA profiles, was r = 0.679 (p < .05). The determination of salivary MELA concentration using LC-MS/MS allows for the determination of the DLMO. Our method may be applied in clinical practice for the diagnosis and monitoring of circadian rhythm disorders.Abbreviations: CE: Collision Energy; CID: Collision-Induced Dissociation; DL: Desolvation Module; DLMO: Dim Light Melatonin Onset; EFSA: European Food Safety Authority; EMA: European Medicines Agency; ESI: electrospray ionization; HB: heat block; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; IS: internal standard; K3EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tripotassium salt; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry; LLE: liquid-liquid extraction; LLOQ: lower limit of quantification; MELA: melatonin; MELA-D4: melatonin-d4; MRM: multiple reaction monitoring; Q1: quadrupole 1; Q3: quadrupole 3; RE: relative error; RIA: radioimmunoassay; RSD: relative standard deviation; SD: standard deviation; ULOQ: upper limit of quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arkadiusz Hejduk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Research and Development Department, LEK-AM Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Zakroczym, Poland
| | - Julita Kuczyńska
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Wichniak
- Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Urbańska
- Research and Development Department, LEK-AM Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Zakroczym, Poland
| | - Paweł Mierzejewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Alessa H, Saber AL, Althakafy JT. Up-to-date studies regarding the determination of melatonin by chromatographic methods. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100378. [PMID: 34842297 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolic compound that has been reported in the literature to exist in human-based samples, vertebrates, vegetables, fruits, and pharmaceutical products. Melatonin is considered a dietary supplement and can regulate circadian rhythms, although it has not been classified as a drug by the US Food and Drug Administration. Several analytical methods have been used for its detection. This study aimed to summarize the recent outcomes of the chromatographic methods such as electrophoretic methods, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography, which have been used for the determination of melatonin in the last three decades, with the focus on gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Alessa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr L Saber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jalal T Althakafy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar S, Gupta N, Velpandian T, Gupta V, Vanathi M, Vashist P, Gowtham L, Saxena R, Tandon R. Myopia, Melatonin and Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study in Indian Myopes. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1474-1481. [PMID: 33646852 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1894580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the role of outdoor light exposure by estimating ocular sun exposure measured by Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence (CUVAF) imaging and serum melatonin levels in myopes and non-myopes.Materials & Methods: Age and sex matched emmetropes and myopes (60 each) aged 10-25 years participated. Those with a history of ocular surgery or any ocular or systemic co-morbidity were excluded. Socio-demographic parameters, sun exposure questionnaires, indoor and outdoor activity profile, morning serum melatonin levels, sleep pattern, degree of myopia, ocular biometry and area of CUVAF on ultraviolet photography were noted and analyzed.Results: Mean age of myopes (18 ± 4.5 years) and emmetropes (18.5 ± 4 years) was similar (P = .523). Serum melatonin levels were significantly higher (P = .001) among myopes (89.45 pg/ml) as compared to emmetropes (52.83 pg/ml). Lifetime sun exposure was significantly lower in myopes than emmetropes (P = .0003). Area of CUVAF was inversely related to degree of myopia (P < .0001). Day time sleepiness was greater in myopes (51.7%) than emmetropes (15%) (P < .0001). There was a positive correlation between serum melatonin levels and axial length among myopes (correlation coefficient = 0.27; P = .03). Age and gender had no association with serum melatonin levels.Conclusion: This study demonstrates an inverse relationship between serum melatonin levels and degree of CUVAF in myopes. A novel link between serum melatonin, axial length and outdoor sun exposure is highlighted in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Kumar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Ocular Pharmacology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Vashist
- Community Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshminarayan Gowtham
- Ocular Pharmacology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Barreiro Astray S, Barbosa-Pereira L, Lage-Yusty MA, López-Hernández J. Comparison of Analytical Methods for the Rapid Determination of Melatonin in Food Supplements. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen M, Stone R. Lack of Effect of Oral Melatonin on Platelet Parameters in Normal Healthy Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 55:226-230. [PMID: 31433224 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A randomized, prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study on the effect of oral melatonin on platelet parameters was performed on 40 healthy dogs with normal physical examinations and no clinically significant findings on serum chemistry evaluation. Dogs were randomly assigned to the study group or the placebo-control group and administered oral melatonin or an oral inert tablet, respectively, for 28 days. Dogs in the study group were administered melatonin at 3 mg per os q 12 hr for dogs weighing <15 kg and 6 mg per os q 12 hr for dogs weighing 15 kg or more. Complete blood counts were obtained at 0, 7, 14, and 28 days of medication administration. No adverse effects or sedation were noted in any dog. The placebo group had a statistically significant transient increase in both plateletcrit and mean platelet volume on day 7 relative to baseline, which was not observed in the melatonin group. Oral melatonin did not appear to have a direct thrombopoietic effect in normal healthy dogs. Future studies are required to investigate the pharmacokinetics of melatonin in dogs and the potential benefits of melatonin in both thrombocytopenia and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Chen
- From BluePearl Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital, Spring, Texas
| | - Richard Stone
- From BluePearl Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital, Spring, Texas
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Smajdor J, Piech R, Pięk M, Paczosa-Bator B. Carbon black as a glassy carbon electrode modifier for high sensitive melatonin determination. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jiang Q, Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Li B, Li Z, Lu T, Wang S, He Z. Simultaneous determination of entecavir and lamivudine in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study's aim is to develop and validate a rapid, selective and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode method for the simultaneous determination of entecavir and lamivudine in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Jiang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Yinghua Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Zhenbao Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Tianshu Lu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Biopharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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