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Wang Q, Yuan J, Zhang Q, Hu D, Li S, Zhu X, Chen X, Wang S, Sun X, Zhou H. Near-Infrared-II Photoactivated Iron(III) Complexes for Highly Efficient RNS and ROS Synergistic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39302413 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are more lethal than reactive oxygen species (ROS), which gives them a very promising future in the field of cancer treatment. However, there are still a few drugs available for RNS generation. In this work, two 5th-order nonlinear optical materials, FB-Fe(III)/SNP@PEG and FB-Fe(II)-FB/SNP@PEG, are synthesized. The outstanding nonlinear optical properties of FB-Fe(III)/SNP@PEG help to achieve generation of bounteous superoxide anions (O2•-) in deep tissues, while sodium nitroprusside (SNP) provides NO in the body, both of which are prerequisites for RNS generation. Meanwhile, type I and type II ROS were also generated under irradiation of a 1600 nm laser. Based on the synergistic effect of ROS and RNS, FB-Fe(III)/SNP@PEG induced mitochondrial damage and DNA fragmentation and inhibited tumor cells through apoptosis, possessing better therapeutic effects than FB-Fe(II)-FB/SNP@PEG. This work put forward an innovative strategy to achieve the cooperative release of RNS and ROS in deep tissues, which provides insights and ideas for applying nonlinear optical materials to RNS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Daqiao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xianshun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, P. R. China
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Ullah Z, Abbas Y, Gu J, Ko Soe S, Roy S, Peng T, Guo B. Chemodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:942. [PMID: 39065639 PMCID: PMC11280080 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a potential public health issue, is a huge challenge for the advanced scientific realm to solve. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on the Fenton reaction emerged as a state-of-the-art therapeutic modality to treat GBM. However, crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the GBM is another endless marathon. In this review, the physiology of the BBB has been elaborated to understand the mechanism of crossing these potential barriers to treat GBM. Moreover, the designing of Fenton-based nanomaterials has been discussed for the production of reactive oxygen species in the tumor area to eradicate the cancer cells. For effective tumor targeting, biological nanomaterials that can cross the BBB via neurovascular transport channels have also been explored. To overcome the neurotoxicity caused by inorganic nanomaterials, the use of smart nanoagents having both enhanced biocompatibility and effective tumor targeting ability to enhance the efficiency of CDT are systematically summarized. Finally, the advancements in intelligent Fenton-based nanosystems for a multimodal therapeutic approach in addition to CDT are demonstrated. Hopefully, this systematic review will provide a better understanding of Fenton-based CDT and insight into GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ullah
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (Y.A.); (S.K.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Yasir Abbas
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (Y.A.); (S.K.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Jingsi Gu
- Education Center and Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Sai Ko Soe
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (Y.A.); (S.K.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (Y.A.); (S.K.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Tingting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (Y.A.); (S.K.S.); (S.R.)
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Xu X, Li H, Tong B, Zhang W, Wang X, Wang Y, Tian G, Xu Z, Zhang G. Biomimetic Nano-Regulator that Induces Cuproptosis and Lactate-Depletion Mediated ROS Storm for Metalloimmunotherapy of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400204. [PMID: 38855966 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a ccRCC targeting nanodrug is designed to enhance chemodynamic therapy (CDT) as well as activate cuproptosis and tumor immunotherapy via ccRCC cell membrane modifying CuO@Gd2O3 yolk-like particles (CGYL) loaded with lactate oxidase (LOx) (mCGYL-LOx). Benefiting from the homologous targeting effect of Renca cell membranes, the mCGYS-LOx can be effectively internalized by Renca cells, open the "gate", and then release LOx and copper (Cu) ions. LOx can catalyze excessive lactate in Renca cells into H2O2, following that the produced H2O2 is further converted by Cu ions to the highly toxic ·OH, contributing to tumor CDT. Meanwhile, the excessive Cu ions effectively trigger tumor cuproptosis. These synergistic effects induce the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activate immunogenic cell death (ICD), leading to DC maturation and infiltration of immune effector cells. Moreover, LOx-mediated lactate consumption downregulates the expression of PD-L1, crippling tumor immune escape. In addition, the mCGYL-LOx improves T1-weighted MRI signal, allowing for accurate diagnosis of ccRCC. This study demonstrates that the mCGYL-LOx has great potential for improving therapy of ccRCC via the synergistic actions of CDT and cuproptosis as well as immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Binghua Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Geng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Zhaowei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
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Cao Y, Li Y, Ren C, Yang C, Hao R, Mu T. Manganese-based nanomaterials promote synergistic photo-immunotherapy: green synthesis, underlying mechanisms, and multiple applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4097-4117. [PMID: 38587869 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02844e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Single phototherapy and immunotherapy have individually made great achievements in tumor treatment. However, monotherapy has difficulty in balancing accuracy and efficiency. Combining phototherapy with immunotherapy can realize the growth inhibition of distal metastatic tumors and enable the remote monitoring of tumor treatment. The development of nanomaterials with photo-responsiveness and anti-tumor immunity activation ability is crucial for achieving photo-immunotherapy. As immune adjuvants, photosensitizers and photothermal agents, manganese-based nanoparticles (Mn-based NPs) have become a research hotspot owing to their multiple ways of anti-tumor immunity regulation, photothermal conversion and multimodal imaging. However, systematic studies on the synergistic photo-immunotherapy applications of Mn-based NPs are still limited; especially, the green synthesis and mechanism of Mn-based NPs applied in immunotherapy are rarely comprehensively discussed. In this review, the synthesis strategies and function of Mn-based NPs in immunotherapy are first introduced. Next, the different mechanisms and leading applications of Mn-based NPs in immunotherapy are reviewed. In addition, the advantages of Mn-based NPs in synergistic photo-immunotherapy are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and research focus of Mn-based NPs in combination therapy are discussed, which might provide guidance for future personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Chengkai Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhang Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Tiancheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China.
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Ge J, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Chen Y, Min X, Cai Y, Zhao H, Wu X, Zhao F, Chen B. Nanomedicine-induced cell pyroptosis to enhance antitumor immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3857-3880. [PMID: 38563315 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb03017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a therapeutic modality designed to elicit or augment an immune response against malignancies. Despite the immune system's ability to detect and eradicate neoplastic cells, certain neoplastic cells can elude immune surveillance and elimination through diverse mechanisms. Therefore, antitumor immunotherapy has emerged as a propitious strategy. Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death (PCD) regulated by Gasdermin (GSDM), is associated with cytomembrane rupture due to continuous cell expansion, which results in the release of cellular contents that can trigger robust inflammatory and immune responses. The field of nanomedicine has made promising progress, enabling the application of nanotechnology to enhance the effectiveness and specificity of cancer therapy by potentiating, enabling, or augmenting pyroptosis. In this review, we comprehensively examine the paradigms underlying antitumor immunity, particularly paradigms related to nanotherapeutics combined with pyroptosis; these treatments include chemotherapy (CT), hyperthermia therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), ion-interference therapy (IIT), biomimetic therapy, and combination therapy. Furthermore, we thoroughly discuss the coordinated mechanisms that regulate these paradigms. This review is expected to enhance the understanding of the interplay between pyroptosis and antitumor immunotherapy, broaden the utilization of diverse nanomaterials in pyroptosis-based antitumor immunotherapy, and facilitate advancements in clinical tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Ge
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Min
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Huajiao Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Xincai Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
| | - Baoding Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, P. R. China.
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Wang Y, Wang L, Li T, Ouyang M, Xiong H, Zhou D. Bimetallic nanoparticles as cascade sensitizing amplifiers for low-dose and robust cancer radio-immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1787-1800. [PMID: 38572091 PMCID: PMC10985033 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most feasible and routinely used therapeutic modalities for treating malignant tumors. In particular, immune responses triggered by RT, known as radio-immunotherapy, can partially inhibit the growth of distantly spreading tumors and recurrent tumors. However, the safety and efficacy of radio-immunotherapy is impeded by the radio-resistance and poor immunogenicity of tumor. Herein, we report oxaliplatin (IV)-iron bimetallic nanoparticles (OXA/Fe NPs) as cascade sensitizing amplifiers for low-dose and robust radio-immunotherapy. The OXA/Fe NPs exhibit tumor-specific accumulation and activation of OXA (II) and Fe2+ in response to the reductive and acidic microenvironment within tumor cells. The cascade reactions of the released metallic drugs can sensitize RT by inducing DNA damage, increasing ROS and O2 levels, and amplifying the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect after RT to facilitate potent immune activation. As a result, OXA/Fe NPs-based low-dose RT triggered a robust immune response and inhibited the distant and metastatic tumors effectively by a strong abscopal effect. Moreover, a long-term immunological memory effect to protect mice from tumor rechallenging is observed. Overall, the bimetallic NPs-based cascade sensitizing amplifier system offers an efficient radio-immunotherapy regimen that addresses the key challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Testing and Analysis Center, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hejian Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Mehrotra N, Pal K. Tumor targeted nanohybrid for dual stimuli responsive and NIR amplified photothermal/photo-induced thermodynamic/chemodynamic combination therapy. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:035019. [PMID: 38471148 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The combination of photodynamic (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for cancer treatment has gathered a lot of attention in recent years. However, its efficacy is severely limited by elevated levels of hypoxia and glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Multifunctional nanoparticles that can help remodel the TME while facilitating PDT/CDT combination therapy are the need of the hour. To this effect, we have developed O2self-supplying, free radical generating nanohybrids that exhibit near infra-red (NIR) triggered photothermal (PTT)/photo-induced thermodynamic (P-TDT) and CDT for efficient breast cancer treatment. The surface of nanohybrids has been further modified by biointerfacing with cancer cell membrane. The biomimetic nanohybrids have been comprehensively characterized and found to exhibit high 2,2'-azobis-[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) loading, GSH depletion, oxygen self-supply with TME responsive AIPH release. Biological activity assays demonstrate efficient cellular uptake with homotypic targeting, excellent hemo- and cytocompatibility as well as high intracellular reactive oxygen species generation with synergistic cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The multifunctional nanohybrid proposed in the present study provides an attractive strategy for achieving NIR responsive, tumor targeted PTT/P-TDT/CDT combination therapy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mehrotra
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Asif K, Adeel M, Rahman MM, Sfriso AA, Bartoletti M, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F, Caligiuri I. Silver nitroprusside as an efficient chemodynamic therapeutic agent and a peroxynitrite nanogenerator for targeted cancer therapies. J Adv Res 2024; 56:43-56. [PMID: 36958586 PMCID: PMC10834793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) holds great promise in achieving cancer therapy through Fenton and Fenton-like reactions, which generate highly toxic reactive species. However, CDT is limited by the lower amount of catalyst ions that can decompose already existing intracellular H2O2 and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to attain a therapeutic outcome. OBJECTIVES To overcome these limitations, a tailored approach, which utilizes dual metals cations (Ag+, Fe2+) based silver pentacyanonitrosylferrate or silver nitroprusside (AgNP) were developed for Fenton like reactions that can specifically kill cancer cells by taking advantage of tumor acidic environment without used of any external stimuli. METHODS A simple solution mixing procedure was used to synthesize AgNP as CDT agent. AgNP were structurally and morphologically characterized, and it was observed that a minimal dose of AgNP is required to destroy cancer cells with limited effects on normal cells. Moreover, comprehensive in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate antitumoral mechanism. RESULTS AgNP have an effective ability to decompose endogenous H2O2 in cells. The decomposed endogenous H2O2 generates several different types of reactive species (•OH, O2•-) including peroxynitrite (ONOO-) species as apoptotic inducers that kill cancer cells, specifically. Cellular internalization data demonstrated that in short time, AgNP enters in lysosomes, avoid degradation and due to the acidic pH of lysosomes significantly generate high ROS levels. These data are further confirmed by the activation of different oxidative genes. Additionally, we demonstrated the biocompatibility of AgNP on mouse liver and ovarian organoids as an ex vivo model while AgNP showed the therapeutic efficacy on patient derived tumor organoids (PDTO). CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the therapeutic application of silver nitroprusside as a multiple ROS generator utilizing Fenton like reaction. Thereby, our study exhibits a potential application of CDT against HGSOC (High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer), a deadly cancer through altering the redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Asif
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Michele Bartoletti
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Unit of Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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Xia Y, Gu M, Wang J, Zhang X, Shen T, Shi X, Yuan WE. Tumor microenvironment-activated, immunomodulatory nanosheets loaded with copper(II) and 5-FU for synergistic chemodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:137-147. [PMID: 37713912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a redox state that differs greatly from normal tissues, as characterized by the overexpression of H2O2 and glutathione (GSH). To address the GSH-related restrictions on chemodynamic therapy (CDT) efficacy, we have developed a Cu(II)-based CDT strategy. In this study, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid drug delivery system (LDH/HA/5-FU) was conceived and prepared by the intercalation of 5-FU into the interlayer of copper-aluminum layered double hydroxide (CuAl-LDH) via ion exchange strategy and the adsorption of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the surface of CuAl-LDH. Taking advantage of the pH-degradable property of CuAl-LDH and the CD44-targeting property of HA, the formed LDH/HA/5-FU nanosheets could specifically target tumor cells' overexpressing CD44 receptor, rapidly release Cu(II) and 5-FU in tumor cells, inducing tumor cell apoptosis and cuproptosis, and long-term intracellular GSH depletion and toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generation could be achieved through the cyclic catalytic reaction of Cu(I)/Cu(II). Meanwhile, peritumoral injection of LDH/HA/5-FU nanosheets might function as an adjuvant to increase the levels of antitumor tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T cells. In vivo experiments further verified that the intelligently designed LDH/HA/5-FU nanosheets successfully promoted the immune systems, with an excellent inhibition efficacy towards tumors by combining Cu-based CDT and chemotherapy, showing promising potential for solid tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muge Gu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangqi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianyi Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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10
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Zhang S, Chen W, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Fu Y, Liu H, Wan Z, Zhao Y. Intelligent Nanoplatform Integrating Macrophage and Cancer Cell Membrane for Synergistic Chemodynamic/Immunotherapy/Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59117-59133. [PMID: 38091266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane-coated nanoplatforms for drug delivery have garnered significant attention due to their inherent cellular properties, such as immune evasion and homing abilities, making them a subject of widespread interest. The coating of mixed membranes from different cell types onto the surface of nanoparticles offers a way to harness natural cell functions, enhancing biocompatibility and improving therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we merged membranes from murine-derived 4T1 breast cancer cells with RAW264.7 (RAW) membranes, creating a hybrid biomimetic coating referred to as TRM. Subsequently, we fabricated hybrid TRM-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and imiquimod (R837) for combination therapy in breast cancer. Comprehensive characterization of the RIFe@TRM nanoplatform revealed the inherent properties of both cell types. Compared to bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles, RIFe@TRM nanoparticles exhibited remarkable cell-specific self-recognition for 4T1 cells in vitro, leading to significantly prolonged circulation life span and enhanced in vivo targeting capabilities. Furthermore, the biomimetic RIFe@TRM nanoplatform induced tumor necrosis through the Fenton reaction and photothermal effects, while R837 facilitated enhanced uptake of tumor-associated antigens, further activating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to strengthen antitumor immunotherapy. Hence, RIFe@TRM nanoplatform demonstrated outstanding synergy in chemodynamic/immunotherapy/photothermal therapies, displaying significant inhibition of breast tumor growth. In summary, this study presents a promising biomimetic nanoplatform for effective treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Vascular Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Chen
- Department of Oncology and Vascular Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Vascular Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Vascular Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Oncology and Vascular Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - HongYi Liu
- Department of Oncology and Vascular Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wan
- Department of Oncology and Vascular Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Vascular Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital), Xiamen 361004, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cellular Intervention and Interventional Medical Materials, Xiamen 361004, P. R. China
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11
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Zhou M, Liang S, Liu D, Ma K, Yun K, Yao J, Peng Y, Hai L, Zhang Q, Wang Z. Manganese-Enriched Zinc Peroxide Functional Nanoparticles for Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10350-10359. [PMID: 37930173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have shown high clinical success, however, the therapeutical efficacy is largely restrained by insufficient immune activation and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we report tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive manganese-enriched zinc peroxide nanoparticles (MONPs) for synergistic cancer immunotherapy by inducing the immunogenic death (ICD) of cancer cells and activating the stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) pathway. MONPs especially disassociate upon exposure to acidic tumor tissue and in situ generate •OH for the ICD effect. Moreover, Mn2+ activated the STING and synergistically induced the secretion of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines for specific T cell responses. Meanwhile, MONPs relieved the immunosuppression of TME through decreasing Tregs and polarizing M2 macrophages to the M1 type to unleash a cascade adaptive immune response. In combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody, MONPs showed superior efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and preventing lung metastasis. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of functional nanoparticles to amplify STING innate stimulation, showing a prominent strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kongshuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kaiqing Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianjun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linna Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Wang X, Xu X, Yang Z, Xu X, Han S, Zhang H. Improvement of the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy: by optimizing components and combination with other treatments. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7489-7511. [PMID: 37873617 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00738c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging treatment method. In comparison with photodynamic therapy (PDT), SDT exhibits deep penetration, high cell membrane permeability, and free exposure to light capacity. Unfortunately, owing to inappropriate ultrasound parameter selection, poor targeting of sonosensitizers, and the complex tumor environment, SDT is frequently ineffective. In this review, we describe the approaches for selecting ultrasound parameters and how to develop sonosensitizers to increase targeting and improve adverse tumor microenvironments. Furthermore, the potential of combining SDT with other treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy, is discussed to further increase the treatment efficiency of SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Wang
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Ultrasound and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), The First School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Ultrasound and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), The First School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Xuanshou Xu
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Ultrasound and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), The First School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Shisong Han
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Ultrasound and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), The First School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Ultrasound and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), The First School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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13
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Wang TH, Shen MY, Yeh NT, Chen YH, Hsu TC, Chin HY, Wu YT, Tzang BS, Chiang WH. Photothermal nanozymes to self-augment combination cancer therapy by dual-glutathione depletion and hyperthermia/acidity-activated hydroxyl radical generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1698-1714. [PMID: 37499626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged as a promising strategy for tumor treatment. Nevertheless, the low Fenton catalytic efficiency and the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells largely decline antitumor efficacy of CDT. To self-augment antitumor effect of the CDT by combining with photothermal therapy (PTT), the unique photothermal nanozymes that doubly depleted GSH, and generated massive hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the hyperthermia/acidity-activated manner were developed. Through the coordination of Fe3+ ions with PEGylated chitosan (PEG-CS)-modified polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, the attained Fe3+@PEG-CS/PDA nanozymes showed outstanding colloidal stability, photothermal conversion efficiency and acidity-triggered Fe3+ release. By GSH-mediated valence states transition of Fe3+ ions and Michael reaction between GSH and quinone-rich PDA, the nanozymes sufficiently executed dual depletion of GSH with the elevated temperature.Under mimic tumor acidity and near-infrared (NIR) irradiation condition, the endocytosed nanozymes effectively converted intracellular H2O2 into toxic ·OH upon amplified Fenton reaction, thereby potently killing 4T1 cancer cells and RAW 264.7 cells. Importantly, the nanozymes prominently suppressed 4T1 tumor growth in vivo and metastasis of cancer cells by CDT/PTT combination therapy without significant systemic toxicity. Our study provides novel visions in design of therapeutic nanozymes with great clinical translational prospect for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tzu Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yang Chin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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14
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林 晓, 黄 马, 陈 君, 周 逊, 钟 卓, 陆 文, 黄 显, 刘 添. [Manganese-based nanoparticles for chemodynamic therapy of gastrointestinal cancer]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1432-1439. [PMID: 37712282 PMCID: PMC10505582 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.08.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the physicochemical features of glucose oxidase-loaded and manganese-based mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN@Mn-GOx) and its antitumor effect against gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS The morphology, particle size and Fenton-like properties of MSN@Mn-GOx nanoparticles were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential analysis, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A mouse model bearing human colon cancer HT-29 xenograft was established to examine the antitumor effect of MSN@Mn-GOx using MRI imaging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay, CCK-8 assay and EdU assay were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-tumor effect of the nanoparticles. RESULTS MSN@Mn-GOx nanoparticles were solid spheres with a diameter of about 100 nm and a Zeta potential of -35 mV. MSN@Mn-GOx had a higher H2O2 catalytic efficiency in glucose containing solution than in glucose-free solution, and showed a stronger Fenton-like properties at pH6.0 than at pH7.4 (P<0.05). In the tumor-bearing mice, MSN@Mn-GOx treatment dose-dependently enhanced T1 imaging of the tumor (P<0.01). Compared with the control group and MSN@Mn group, MSN@Mn-GOx induced a significantly higher level of ROS production and a stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation of gastric and colon cancer cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION MSN@Mn-GOx nanoparticles have good chemodynamic properties and a strong anti-tumor effect and provide a potential therapeutic option for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晓丰 林
- 广州中医药大学第二附属医院脾胃病科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 马养 黄
- 广州中医药大学第二附属医院脾胃病科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 君千 陈
- 广州中医药大学第二附属医院脾胃病科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 逊 周
- 广州中医药大学第二附属医院脾胃病科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 卓丹 钟
- 广州中医药大学第二附属医院脾胃病科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 文聪 陆
- 广东省妇幼保健院儿科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 显莹 黄
- 南方医科大学南方医院血管介入科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Vascular Interventional Therapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 添文 刘
- 广州中医药大学第二附属医院脾胃病科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
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15
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Zheng X, Wu H, Wang S, Zhao J, Hu L. Preparation and Characterization of Biocompatible Iron/Zirconium/Polydopamine/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel with Fenton Catalytic Properties and Photothermal Efficacy. Gels 2023; 9:452. [PMID: 37367123 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multifunctional hydrogel nanoplatforms for the synergistic treatment of tumors have received a great deal of attention. Here, we prepared an iron/zirconium/polydopamine/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel with Fenton and photothermal effects, promising for future use in the field of synergistic therapy and prevention of tumor recurrence. The iron (Fe)-zirconium (Zr)@ polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method using iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3•6H2O), zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4), and dopamine, followed by activation of the carboxyl group of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) using 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N(4)-hydroxycytidine (NHS). Finally, the Fe-Zr@PDA nanoparticles and the activated CMCS were mixed to form a hydrogel. On the one side, Fe ions can use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is rich in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and kill tumor cells, and Zr can also enhance the Fenton effect; on the other side, the excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of the incorporated PDA is used to kill tumor cells under the irradiation of near-infrared light. The ability of Fe-Zr@PDA@CMCS hydrogel to produce •OH and the ability of photothermal conversion were verified in vitro, and swelling and degradation experiments confirmed the effective release and good degradation of this hydrogel in an acidic environment. The multifunctional hydrogel is biologically safe at both cellular and animal levels. Therefore, this hydrogel has a wide range of applications in the synergistic treatment of tumors and the prevention of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Pudong New Area, No. 219 Miao Pu Road, Shanghai 200135, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiulong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lianghao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Chen W, Liu M, Yang H, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Lu C, Pan Y, Liu J, Bai Z. Recent Advances of Fe(III)/Fe(II)-MPNs in Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051323. [PMID: 37242566 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) are a new type of nanomaterial self-assembled by metal ions and polyphenols that have been developed rapidly in recent decades. They have been widely investigated, in the biomedical field, for their environmental friendliness, high quality, good bio-adhesiveness, and bio-compatibility, playing a crucial role in tumor treatment. As the most common subclass of the MPNs family, Fe-based MPNs are most frequently used in chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and phototherapy (PTT), where they are often used as nanocoatings to encapsulate drugs, as well as good Fenton reagents and photosensitizers to improve tumor therapeutic efficiency substantially. In this review, strategies for preparing various types of Fe-based MPNs are first summarized. We highlight the advantages of Fe-based MPNs under the different species of polyphenol ligands for their application in tumor treatments. Finally, some current problems and challenges of Fe-based MPNs, along with a future perspective on biomedical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Chen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523700, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hanping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | | | - Chengyu Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ying Pan
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523700, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Zhi Bai
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523700, China
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17
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Asif K, Adeel M, Rahman MM, Caligiuri I, Perin T, Cemazar M, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F. Iron nitroprusside as a chemodynamic agent and inducer of ferroptosis for ovarian cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3124-3135. [PMID: 36883303 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
ChemoDynamic Therapy (CDT) is a powerful therapeutic modality using Fenton/Fenton-like reactions to produce oxidative stress for cancer treatment. However, the insufficient amount of catalyst ions and ROS scavenging activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) limit the application of this approach. Therefore, a tailored strategy to regulate the Fenton reaction more efficiently (utilizing dual metal cations) and inhibit the GPX4 activity, is in great demand. Herein, a CDT system is based on dual (Fe2+ metals) iron pentacyanonitrosylferrate or iron nitroprusside (FeNP) having efficient ability to catalyze the reaction of endogenous H2O2 to form highly toxic ˙OH species in cells. Additionally, FeNP is involved in ferroptosis via GPX4 inhibition. In particular, FeNP was structurally characterized, and it is noted that a minimum dose of FeNP is required to kill cancer cells while a comparable dose shows negligible toxicity on normal cells. Detailed in vitro studies confirmed that FeNP participates in sustaining apoptosis, as determined using the annexin V marker. Cellular uptake results showed that in a short time period, FeNP enters lysosomes and, due to the acidic lysosomal pH, releases Fe2+ ions, which are involved in ROS generation (˙OH species). Western blot analyses confirmed the suppression of GPX4 activity over time. Importantly, FeNP has a therapeutic effect on ovarian cancer organoids derived from High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC). Furthermore, FeNP showed biocompatible nature towards normal mouse liver organoids and in vivo. This work presents the effective therapeutic application of FeNP as an efficient Fenton agent along with ferroptosis inducer activity to improve CDT, through disturbing redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Asif
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172, Venice, Italy. .,Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172, Venice, Italy. .,Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172, Venice, Italy. .,Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
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18
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Guo Y, Zhang X, Wang SZ, Feng HH, Wu SY, Wu FG. Metal-Phenolic Network-Facilitated "Foe-to-Friend" Conversion of Melittin for Cancer Immunotherapy with Boosted Abscopal Effect. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0052. [PMID: 36930774 PMCID: PMC10013787 DOI: 10.34133/research.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As a naturally occurring cytolytic peptide, melittin (Mel) has strong cytolytic activity and is a potent therapeutic peptide for cancer therapy. However, the serious hemolytic activity of Mel largely impedes its clinical applications. In this work, based on the strong interactions between proteins/peptides and polyphenols, we develop a tannic acid-Fe3+ metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based strategy that can convert Mel from foe to friend via shielding its positive charges and reducing its hemolytic activity. Besides, an immune adjuvant resiquimod (R848) is also introduced for immunostimulation, affording the final Mel- and R848-coloaded nanodrug. The Mel-caused membrane disruption can induce immunogenic cell death for immunostimulation, R848 can act as an immune adjuvant to further facilitate the immunostimulatory effect, and the tannic acid-Fe3+ MPN-mediated Fenton reaction can produce reactive oxygen species for cancer treatment. Further experiments reveal that the nanodrug can effectively cause immunogenic cell death of tumor cells and arouse robust intratumoral and systemic antitumor immunostimulation. In the bilateral tumor-bearing mouse models, the nanodrug considerably destroys the primary tumor and also boosts the abscopal effect to ablate the distant tumor. Collectively, the MPN-facilitated "foe-to-friend" strategy may promote the practical applications of Mel and foster the development of cancer immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Heng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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19
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Xiao X, Chen M, Zhang Y, Li L, Peng Y, Li J, Zhou W. Hemin-incorporating DNA nanozyme enabling catalytic oxygenation and GSH depletion for enhanced photodynamic therapy and synergistic tumor ferroptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:410. [PMID: 36109814 PMCID: PMC9479271 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising tumor treatment method via light-triggered generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill tumor cells. However, the efficacy of PDT is usually restricted by several biological limitations, including hypoxia, excess glutathione (GSH) neutralization, as well as tumor resistance. To tackle these issues, herein we developed a new kind of DNA nanozyme to realize enhanced PDT and synergistic tumor ferroptosis. The DNA nanozyme was constructed via rolling circle amplification, which contained repeat AS1411 G quadruplex (G4) units to form multiple G4/hemin DNAzymes with catalase-mimic activity. Both hemin, an iron-containing porphyrin cofactor, and chlorine e6 (Ce6), a photosensitizer, were facilely inserted into G4 structure with high efficiency, achieving in-situ catalytic oxygenation and photodynamic ROS production. Compared to other self-oxygen-supplying tools, such DNA nanozyme is advantageous for high biological stability and compatibility. Moreover, the nanostructure could achieve tumor cells targeting internalization and intranuclear transport of Ce6 by virtue of specific nucleolin binding of AS1411. The nanozyme could catalyze the decomposition of intracellular H2O2 into oxygen for hypoxia relief as evidenced by the suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and moreover, GSH depletion and cell ferroptosis were also achieved for synergistic tumor therapy. Upon intravenous injection, the nanostructure could effectively accumulate into tumor, and impose multi-modal tumor therapy with excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, by integrating the capabilities of O2 generation and GSH depletion, such DNA nanozyme is a promising nanoplatform for tumor PDT/ferroptosis combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yichun People's Hospital, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liang Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyu Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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