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Segall M, Mousavi A, Eisner BH, Scotland K. Pharmacologic treatment of kidney stones: Current medication and pH monitoring. Actas Urol Esp 2024; 48:11-18. [PMID: 38043680 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a globally prevalent urologic condition associated with significant morbidity and patient discomfort. Current management of kidney stones includes both surgical and pharmacologic interventions. Though surgery may be necessary under certain circumstances, pharmacologic treatment is a more affordable, readily available, and a less invasive option for patients. A comprehensive scoping review was conducted to summarize the available literature on the pharmacologic strategies for managing the predominant stone types including calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones. Central to these therapeutic approaches is the regulation of factors such as urine pH, stone crystallization, and patient metabolics that precipitate stone development and growth. This review highlights the pharmacological options available for treating each kidney stone type, emphasizing the importance of patient tailored medical management that should be considered by every physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Segall
- Escuela de Medicina Albert Einstein, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Mousavi
- Departamento de Urología, Escuela de Medicina David Geffen, Universidad de California, Los Ángeles, CA, USA
| | - B H Eisner
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General de Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Scotland
- Departamento de Urología, Escuela de Medicina David Geffen, Universidad de California, Los Ángeles, CA, USA.
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Wang H, Liu Z, Liu S, Yang R, Wang Y, Gu Y, Wu M, Dong R, Chen B. The Therapeutic Effect of Catechin on Nephrolithiasis Induced by Co-Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Sprague-Dawley Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:799. [PMID: 37755809 PMCID: PMC10536173 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of catechin against experimentally induced kidney stones resulting from co-exposure to melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CYA) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. To induce nephrolithiasis, a combination of MEL and CYA (1:1 ratio, each at a dose of 31.5 mg/kg bw/day) was administered to the rats for 28 consecutive days. After nephrolithiasis was successfully induced, the rats were randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group and a sham group. The treatment group was given a daily oral dose of 50 mg/kg of catechin for 28 days, while the sham group received no intervention. Urine and blood samples were collected throughout the treatment period, and kidney samples were taken on day 28. Our findings demonstrated that treatment with catechin significantly reduced crystal deposition and pathological damage in the rats from nephrolithiasis. Additionally, renal injury markers were significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the sham group. These findings suggest that catechin has potential therapeutic benefits in treating nephrolithiasis induced by co-exposure to MEL and CYA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Chen
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.W.); (Z.L.); (S.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (M.W.); (R.D.)
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3
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Jia S, Liao J, Wang Y, Zheng W, Jin J, Xu W, Zheng Q. Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with nephrolithiasis and vice versa: a cumulative analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1180183. [PMID: 37469974 PMCID: PMC10352837 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1180183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nephrolithiasis is thought to be a risk factor for osteoporosis, but data assessing if osteoporosis predisposes to the risk of nephrolithiasis are lacking. The present study aims to investigate whether patients with nephrolithiasis have a prominently higher prevalence of osteoporosis than the controls and vice versa via a cumulative analysis. Methods Four databases were used to detect the eligible studies. We calculated the relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the combined effect. The methodologies for conducting this study followed the PRISMA guidelines and were registered in the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023395875). Results Nine case-control or cohort studies with a total of 454,464 participants were finally included. Combined results indicated that there was a significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with nephrolithiasis as compared to the general population without nephrolithiasis (overall RR from six studies= 1.204, 95%CI: 1.133 to 1.28, P< 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 = 34.8%, P= 0.162). Conversely, osteoporosis was significantly correlated to an increased risk of nephrolithiasis as compared to the controls without osteoporosis (overall RR from four studies= 1.505, 95%CI: 1.309 to 1.731, P< 0.001; I2 = 89.8%, P< 0.001). Sensitivity analysis on the two categories validated the above findings. No significant publication bias was identified in this study. Conclusions The present study highlighted a significantly high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with nephrolithiasis and vice versa. This reciprocal association reminded the clinicians to conduct a regular follow-up assessment when managing patients with nephrolithiasis or osteoporosis, especially for the elderly. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced, identifier CRD42023395875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbiao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghua Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gharepapagh E, Fakhari A, Zomorrodi A, Dabiri Oskuei S. Use of 99m Tc-DTPA Scintigraphy in Evaluation of Ureteral Laceration Due to Transurethral Lithotripsy in a Patient with Nephrolithiasis. World J Nucl Med 2023; 22:43-47. [PMID: 36923972 PMCID: PMC10010865 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) procedure via ureteroscopy as an invasive method for nephrolithiasis treatment would lead to urinary tract injuries. In this reported case, the procedure caused severe damage to the left ureter that was detected by 99m Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( 99m Tc-DTPA) scan. Generally, the TUL procedure through the ureter scope is used to manage urinary tract stones. In this case, the TUL was performed on a patient with a history of nephrolithiasis. Following that, she was accompanied with abdominal pain and discomfort, so 99m Tc-DTPA scintigraphy was performed to evaluate the urinary tract system. The scintigraphy showed a severe damage to the left ureter that finally resulted in autotransplantation. The control 99m Tc-DTPA scintigraphy performed 3 weeks after revealed no visible urinary leakage. In this case, the 99m Tc-DTPA scan prevented the patient from dangerous complications. So, 99m Tc-DTPA scan could be performed after TUL and ureteroscopy to detect probable risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Gharepapagh
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ashraf Fakhari
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshar Zomorrodi
- Department of Urology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Dabiri Oskuei
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zeng G, Zhu W, Robertson WG, Penniston KL, Smith D, Pozdzik A, Tefik T, Prezioso D, Pearle MS, Chew BH, Veser J, Fiori C, Deng Y, Straub M, Türk C, Semins MJ, Wang K, Marangella M, Jia Z, Zhang L, Ye Z, Tiselius HG, Sarica K. International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guidelines on the metabolic evaluation and medical management of urolithiasis. Urolithiasis 2022; 51:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-022-01387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Elghouizi A, Al-Waili N, Elmenyiy N, Elfetri S, Aboulghazi A, Al-Waili A, Lyoussi B. Protective effect of bee pollen in acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and crystalluria induced by ethylene glycol ingestion in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8351. [PMID: 35589738 PMCID: PMC9120035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury and crystallization. Bee pollen is a hive product with a high content of antioxidants. The antioxidant content and protective effect of bee pollen extract (BPE) against ethylene glycol (EG) induced crystalluria, and acute kidney injury (AKI) were investigated. The effect of BPE on the EG-induced liver injury and proteinuria was also examined. Ten groups of male Wister rats were treated daily with vehicle, cystone, BPE (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt.), and group 6–9 treated with EG, EG + BPE (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) and group 10 EG + cystone. The dose of EG was 0.75% v/v, and the dose of cystone was 500 mg/kg b.wt. On day 30, blood and urine samples were collected for analysis. Kidneys were removed for histopathological study. The antioxidant activity of BPE was assessed, and its total phenols and flavonoids were determined. EG significantly increased urine parameters (pH, volume, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and protein), blood urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes (P < 0.05). EG decreased creatinine clearance and urine magnesium and caused crystalluria. Treatment with BPE or cystone mitigates EG's effect; BPE was more potent than cystone (P < 0.05). BPE increases urine volume, sodium, and magnesium compared to the control and EG treated groups. BPE reduces proteinuria and prevents AKI, crystalluria, liver injury, and histopathological changes in the kidney tissue caused by EG. BPE might have a protective effect against EG-induced AKI, crystalluria, proteinuria, and stone deposition, most likely by its antioxidant content and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmae Elghouizi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Noori Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Queens, NY, 11418, USA.
| | - Nawal Elmenyiy
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Salma Elfetri
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abderrazak Aboulghazi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Queens, NY, 11418, USA
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
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Plants Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine for the Management of Urolithiasis: A Review of Preclinical Evidence, Bioactive Compounds, and Molecular Mechanisms. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27062008. [PMID: 35335370 PMCID: PMC8949565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Urolithiasis (UL) involves the formation of stones in different parts of the urinary tract. UL is a health problem, and its prevalence has increased considerably in developing countries. Several regions use plants in traditional medicine as an alternative in the treatment or prevention of UL. Mexico has known about the role of traditional medicine in the management of urinary stones. Mexican traditional medicine uses plants such as Argemone mexicana L., Berberis trifoliata Hartw. ex Lindl., Costus mexicanus Liebm, Chenopodium album L., Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam., Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg., Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, and Taraxacum officinale L. These plants contain different bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, furanochromones, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which could be effective in preventing the process of stone formation. Evidence suggests that their beneficial effects might be associated with litholytic, antispasmodic, and diuretic activities, as well as an inhibitory effect on crystallization, nucleation, and aggregation of crystals. The molecular mechanisms involving these effects could be related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Thus, the review aims to summarize the preclinical evidence, bioactive compounds, and molecular mechanisms of the plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the management of UL.
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Uebanso T, Suyama M, Shimohata T, Mawatari K, Takahashi A. Effect of Vitamin B2-Deficient Diet on Hydroxyproline- or Obesity-Induced Hyperoxaluria in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100226. [PMID: 34110671 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Hyperoxaluria is a major cause of kidney stone disease. Around half of the oxalate in mammals is supplied from the diet and the other half is endogenously synthesized from glyoxylate. Reduction of hepatic glycolate oxidase (GO) activity is one approach to reduce endogenous production of oxalate. However, there are currently few effective dietary approaches to reduce hepatic GO activity. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, it is investigated whether restriction of dietary vitamin B2 (VB2) can reduce hepatic GO activity and oxalate excretion in mice with hyperoxaluria induce by hydroxyproline (Hyp) or obesity. It is found that VB2 restriction significantly reduces hepatic GO activity in both the Hyp- and obesity-induced model of hyperoxaluria in mice. However, VB2 restriction reduces urinary oxalate excretion only in the Hyp-treated mice and not the obese mice. This difference could be due to the contribution of endogenous oxalate production that manifests as increased hepatic GO activity in Hyp-treated mice but not obese mice. CONCLUSION Together these results suggest that VB2 restriction could be a new dietary approach to improve hyperoxaluria when endogenous production of oxalate is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mai Suyama
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Nugroho TSA, Safriadi F, Noegroho BS. The role of intraoperative kidney mucosal biopsy on screening of squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney in nephrolithiasis patients with stones larger than 20 mm. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415820936885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Renal pelvic squamous cell carcinoma is a very rare tumor, with a prevalence <1% of all urinary tract tumors, about 0.5–8% of all kidney tumors, and the average age is 50–70 years. Although the incidence of renal squamous cell carcinoma is less common than renal cell carcinoma and renal transitional cell carcinoma, due to its more aggressive nature renal squamous cell carcinoma is often found intraoperatively and is already in an advanced stage or metastasis. The relevant medical history of squamous cell carcinoma is pyelonephritis, chronic nephrolithiasis, and a history of kidney stone surgery. Data which was obtained from previous research at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, from January 2014–December 2017, found the incidence of renal squamous cell carcinoma from nephrectomy procedures was 6%. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with a correlative analytic study, samples were taken consecutively from biopsy of kidney mucosa intraoperatively in hospitalized patients with kidney stones with size larger than 20 mm at the Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, which performed open kidney surgery or percutaneous nephrolithotomy from January–May 2019. Results: The number of samples in this study were from 30 patients, consisting of 16 males and 14 females. Five patients underwent open kidney surgery and 25 patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery, with an average of age of 49.5±11.8 years and 63.3% of patients were aged from 40–60 years. In this study, one patient (3.3%) showed squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney, a 57-year-old male patient with a left staghorn kidney stone who underwent left percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery. Conclusion: There is a benefit for intraoperative kidney mucosal biopsy as a screening for squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney in nephrolithiasis patients with stones larger than 20 mm. Level of evidence: 3
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Metabolic risk factors and the role of prophylaxis in pediatric urolithiasis. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:215.e1-215.e6. [PMID: 33342680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Suppose that the recurrence in pediatric urolithiasis has a close relationship with metabolic abnormalities and is affected by residual burden and prophylaxis. If so, the recurrence rates could be reduced with effective surgery and appropriate prophylaxis. Here we retrospectively evaluate the metabolic risk factors data of 148 children who were operated on between January 2005 and March 2013 due to kidney stones. All patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and all were children. Thirteen children had a history of surgery performed to treat urological anomalies. Twenty-four-hour urine analysis, the residual status of surgery, BMI levels, and the number of metabolic abnormalities were noted. Only 18 (15%) of 122 patients without residual stones after PCNL had recurrence at follow-up whereas; nine (26%) of 26 patients with residual stones developed recurrence (p = 0.017). Recurrence was observed in 14 (16%) of 89 patients with a metabolic abnormality, and 13 (30%) of 44 patients with two or more metabolic abnormalities had recurrence at follow-up (p = 0.024). Those patients with no metabolic abnormalities did not develop recurrence. Stone recurrence was seen in six (8%) of 78 children who were given metabolic prophylaxis, compared to 21 (30%) of 70 patients who did not receive metabolic prophylaxis (p = 0.02). No stone recurrence was seen in nine children who were given Shohl's, whereas four (67%) of six patients who did not take Shohl's had recurrence (p = 0.022). Complete removal of stones by a suitable surgical method is essential to avoid recurrences. Detailed clinical and laboratory evaluations should be performed in children with urolithiasis. Appropriate specific prophylactic treatment (e.g., potassium citrate and Shohl's) and non-specific prophylactic treatment (e.g., avoiding animal proteins, salt, simple sugars, and increased water intake) should be given to prevent reformation of stones in patients with pediatric urolithiasis.
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Tea and coffee consumption and the risk of urinary stones-a systematic review of the epidemiological data. World J Urol 2021; 39:2895-2901. [PMID: 33458786 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the consumption of coffee and tea with urolithiasis. We evaluated large epidemiological and small clinical studies to draw conclusions regarding their lithogenic risk. METHODS A systematic review was performed using the Medline and Scopus databases, in concordance with the PRISMA statement. English, French, and Spanish language studies regarding the consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea, and the relationship to urinary stone disease were reviewed. Case reports and letters, unpublished studies, posters, and comments were excluded. RESULTS As per the inclusion criteria, 13 studies were included in the final review. Most studies, including four large prospective studies and one meta-analysis, reported a reduced risk of stone formation for coffee and tea. Caffeine has a diuretic effect and increases the urinary excretion of calcium, but if these losses are compensated for, moderate caffeine intakes may have little or no deleterious effects. Green and Herbal teas infused for short time had low oxalate content compared to black tea. CONCLUSION There is no evidence that moderate consumption of coffee raises the risk for stone formation in healthy individuals, provided the recommended daily fluid intake is maintained. The currently available literature supports in general a protective role for tea against the stone formation, mainly for green tea. However, heterogeneity of published data and lack of standardization needs to be addressed before final and clear conclusions can be given to patients and to the public in general.
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Chen X, Zhang XB, Li DJ, Qi GN, Dai YQ, Gu J, Chen MQ, Hu S, Liu ZY, Yang ZM. miR-155 facilitates calcium oxalate crystal-induced HK-2 cell injury via targeting PI3K associated autophagy. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104450. [PMID: 32417393 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common and highly recurrent diseases worldwide. Accumulating evidence revealed the elevated miR-155 levels both in serum and urine of nephrolithiasis patients. The aim of our research was to explore the role of miR-155 in CaOx-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. The expression levels of miR-155 in serum and renal tissues were quantified in 20 patients with nephrolithiasis using qRT-PCR assay. ELISA was performed to determine urinary levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Renal tubular cell model of CaOx nephrolithiasis was established to investigate the role and molelular mechanism of miR-155. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Immunofluoresent staining of LC3 autophagosome and western blotting were performed to evaluate the autophagic activity. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the interaction between miR-155 and PI3KCA/Rheb. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling was further examined by western blotting. Serum and renal levels of miR-155 and inflammatory factors were significantly elevated in nephrolithiasis patients than in controls. CaOx treatment caused up-regulation of miR-155 and induced autophagy in renal tubular epithelial cells, while silencing miR-155 or inhibition of autophagy by 3-metheladenine (3-MA) ameliorated CaOx crystal-induced cell injury. PI3KCA and Rheb was identified as downstream targets of miR-155. Moreover, miR-155 activates autophagy and promotes cell injury through repressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that miR-155 facilitates CaOx crystal-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury via PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy, providing therapeutic targets for ameliorating cellular damage by CaOx crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; Urolithiasis Institute of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Guan-Nan Qi
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yuan-Qing Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; Department of Geriatric Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ming-Quan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yang
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Moussa M, Papatsoris AG, Abou Chakra M, Moussa Y. Update on cystine stones: current and future concepts in treatment. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2020; 9:71-78. [PMID: 32494553 PMCID: PMC7263987 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2020.03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystine stones are relatively uncommon compared with other stone compositions, constituting just 1% to 2% of adult urinary tract stone diseases, and accounting for up to 10% of pediatric stone diseases. Two responsible genes of cystinuria have been identified, the SLC3A1 and the SLC7A9. Cystinuria is diagnosed by family history, stone analysis, or by measurement of urine cystine excretion. Current treatments for cystinuria include increased fluid intake to increase cystine solubility by maintaining daily urine volume of greater than 3 Liter (L). Limiting sodium and protein intake can decrease cystine excretion. When conservative therapy fails, then pharmacologic therapy may be effective. Alkaline urine pH in the 7.0-7.5 range will reduce cystine solubility and can be achieved by the addition of alkali therapy. If these measures fail, cystine-binding thiol drugs such as tiopronin and D-penicillamine are considered. These compounds bind cysteine and prevent the formation of less soluble cystine. These drugs, however, have poor patient compliance due to adverse effects. Captopril can be useful in the treatment of cystine stones but the drug has not been tested in rigorous clinical trials. Novel potential therapies such as alpha-lipoic acid and crystal growth inhibitors (L-cystine dimethyl ester (L-CDME) and L-cystine methyl ester (L-CME)) were developed and tested in animals. Those therapies showed promising results. Compliance with treatment was associated with a lower rate of cystine stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Moussa
- Urology Department, Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios G. Papatsoris
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamad Abou Chakra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Address correspondence to:Mohamad Abou Chakra, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Lebanese University. Beirut, Lebanon. E-mail:
| | - Yasmin Moussa
- Clinic of Dermatology, Dr. Brinkmann, Schult & Samimi-Fard. Gladbeck, Germany
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Zeng J, Wang S, Zhong L, Huang Z, Zeng Y, Zheng D, Zou W, Lai H. A Retrospective Study of Kidney Stone Recurrence in Adults. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:208-212. [PMID: 30834044 PMCID: PMC6396780 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common disorder worldwide. Despite the availability of a variety of effective management strategies, KSD recurrence remains a problem. In the present study, we investigated the KSD recurrence after the treatment of the first stone episode. Methods Medical records of all patients who had KDS treated in our department from January 2012 to January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 146 patients who had KDS recurrence were identified. The demographic information, biochemical data, treatment methods, report of hydronephrosis severity and stone chemical compositions were collected and analyzed. Results We reported that: 1) Sixty four (43.8%) out of 146 patients with stone recurrence were overweight or obese; 2) Of all 146 patients with stone recurrence, 86 (58.9%) had hyperlipidemia, 77 (52.4%) had hyperuricemia and 64 (43.8%) had hyperglycemia; 3) Mini-invasive methods were mostly used for the treatment of the first stone episode; 4) The most chief complaint differed during the first episode and recurrence; 5) The number of patients who had grades 3 and 4 hydronephrosis was significantly lower during recurrence compared with that in the first stone episode; 6) Seventy nine (54.1%) patients with recurrence had stone of calcium oxalate. Conclusions Majority of patients with KSD recurrence have overweight/obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia, indicating a role of metabolic disorders in stone recurrence. Mini-invasive methods are the mainstay for the management of the first stone episode. The degree of hydronephrosis is significantly reduced during stone recurrence, possibly due to increased awareness of the disease and thereafter the change of lifestyle in patients. Over half of recurrent stones are of calcium oxalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zeng
- Department of Urology Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan City, China
| | - Shanyun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan City, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan City, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan City, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Department of Urology Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan City, China
| | - Dongxiang Zheng
- Department of Urology Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan City, China
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, Zhongshan City, China
| | - Haibiao Lai
- Department of Urology Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan City, China
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