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Gunadi C. Does expanding access to cannabis affect traffic crashes? County-level evidence from recreational marijuana dispensary sales in Colorado. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:2244-2268. [PMID: 35947633 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the effect of recreational cannabis dispensary sales on traffic crashes by employing difference-in-differences model that exploits the variation in the timing of recreational marijuana dispensary entry across counties within Colorado. Using marijuana-related hospital discharge as a measure of marijuana abuse/misuse, the results indicate a sizable rise in marijuana-related hospital discharges after the entry of retail cannabis stores. However, there is a lack of evidence that traffic crash incidents are affected by the entry. The preferred estimate suggests that, at 90% confidence level, a large increase in traffic crashes by more than 5% can be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gunadi
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Abdulwahid SN, Mahmoud MA, Zaidan BB, Alamoodi AH, Garfan S, Talal M, Zaidan AA. A Comprehensive Review on the Behaviour of Motorcyclists: Motivations, Issues, Challenges, Substantial Analysis and Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063552. [PMID: 35329238 PMCID: PMC8950571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous emergence of new technologies and the adaptation of smart systems in transportation, motorcyclist driving behaviour plays an important role in the transition towards intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Studying motorcyclist driving behaviour requires accurate models with accurate and complete datasets for better road safety and traffic management. As accuracy is needed in modelling, motorcyclist driving behaviour analyses can be performed using sensors that collect driving behaviour characteristics during real-time experiments. This review article systematically investigates the literature on motorcyclist driving behaviour to present many findings related to the issues, problems, challenges, and research gaps that have existed over the last 10 years (2011–2021). A number of digital databases (i.e., IEEE Xplore®, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched and explored to collect reliable peer-reviewed articles. Out of the 2214 collected articles, only 174 articles formed the final set of articles used in the analysis of the motorcyclist research area. The filtration process consisted of two stages that were implemented on the collected articles. Inclusion criteria were the core of the first stage of the filtration process keeping articles only if they were a study or review written in English or were articles that mainly incorporated the driving style of motorcyclists. The second phase of the filtration process is based on more rules for article inclusion. The criteria of inclusion for the second phase of filtration examined the deployment of motorcyclist driver behaviour characterisation procedures using a real-time-based data acquisition system (DAS) or a questionnaire. The final number of articles was divided into three main groups: reviews (7/174), experimental studies (41/174), and social studies-based articles (126/174). This taxonomy of the literature was developed to group the literature into articles with similar types of experimental conditions. Recommendation topics are also presented to enable and enhance the pace of the development in this research area. Research gaps are presented by implementing a substantial analysis of the previously proposed methodologies. The analysis mainly identified the gaps in the development of data acquisition systems, model accuracy, and data types incorporated in the proposed models. Finally, research directions towards ITS are provided by exploring key topics necessary in the advancement of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moamin A. Mahmoud
- Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (B.B.Z.)
| | - Bilal Bahaa Zaidan
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (B.B.Z.)
| | - Abdullah Hussein Alamoodi
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Malaysia; (A.H.A.); (S.G.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Salem Garfan
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Malaysia; (A.H.A.); (S.G.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Mohammed Talal
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat 86400, Malaysia;
| | - Aws Alaa Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Malaysia; (A.H.A.); (S.G.); (A.A.Z.)
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Lee DW, Kim K, Baek J, Oh SS, Jang SI, Park EC. Association of habitual alcohol use on risk-taking behaviors while using a car: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2013. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 144:105651. [PMID: 32599315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Korean revised version (AUDIT-KR), we examined the association between habitual alcohol use and risk-taking behaviors among car users. METHODS We used the data of 15,043 car users aged 20 years or older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2009 and 2013. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between alcohol use and risk-taking behaviors (i.e., driving under the influence of alcohol, riding in a car being driven under the influence, not wearing a seat belt while driving, not wearing a seat belt in the passenger seat), while adjusting for individual-level covariates. RESULTS Compared to low-risk drinkers, high-risk drinkers (adjusted odds ratio [Adj.OR] 2.18, 95 % CI 1.96-2.42) and intermediate-risk drinkers (Adj.OR 1.39, 95 % CI 1.26-1.54) had higher odds of risk-taking behaviors while using a car. Stratifying by sociodemographic variables (i.e., sex, age, and region) led to differences in the relationship between alcohol-drinking level and risk-taking behaviors. Furthermore, alcohol-drinking level had significant positive associations with most of risk-taking behaviors, especially driving under the influence of alcohol and using a car with a drunken driver. CONCLUSION Car users with high levels of alcohol consumption are more likely to be involved in risk-taking behaviors, especially in driving under the influence of alcohol. While causal relations cannot be established due to the nature of the cross-sectional design, it is possible that individuals' habitual alcohol consumption level can influence their risk-taking behaviors while using a car.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Woong Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Baek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarah Soyeon Oh
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Centola C, Tagliabue M, Spoto A, Palpacelli M, Giorgetti A, Giorgetti R, Vidotto G. Enhancement of unsafe behaviors in simulated moped-riding performance under the influence of low dose of alcohol. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 136:105409. [PMID: 31891833 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of low levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on motorcyclist performance are still not fully comprehended. The great majority of the studies are, in fact, focused on car driving. So far, it is known that even BAC levels below the legal limit negatively affect riding motor skills correlated with crash rate. In the present study, we used a moped riding simulator to investigate the effects of low alcohol dosages (under the limits established in Italy, and in most European countries) on the defensive riding ability of light drinkers, particularly focusing on the degree of danger characterizing their riding performance. We recruited 24 participants through a double-blind, random distribution, balanced, cross-over design. We administered moderate amounts of alcohol to participants during two sessions of moped riding simulation. The results showed that even though BAC levels were always below (mean value: 0.03 g/dL) the limit allowed by Italian traffic law (0.05 g/dL), alcohol induced a reduction in safe riding behaviors, as indicated by the greater amount of hazardous scenes faced with dangerous riding behaviors when participants were under the influence of alcohol than when they were sober. Moreover, low BAC levels had a greater detrimental influence when a certain amount of learning had already been achieved by the participants (i.e., in the last experimental session). The results suggest that the effect of a low dose of alcohol interacts with participants' self-confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Centola
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Excellence SBSP, Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Palpacelli
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Excellence SBSP, Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Excellence SBSP, Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Excellence SBSP, Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giulio Vidotto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
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Mendonça AKRH, Jesus CVFD, Figueiredo MBGDA, Valido DP, Nunes MAP, Lima SO. Alcohol consumption and factors associated with binge drinking among female university students of health area. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the pattern of alcohol consumption and the prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking among university students of health-related courses in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed of 865 female students from two universities in the Brazilian Northeast. The instruments used were the AUDIT and a questionnaire used to collect sociodemographic data. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used, with statistical significance set at p-value < 0.05. Results: Risky alcohol consumption was evidenced in 16.4%, while the prevalence of binge drinking was 48.0%. Binge drinking was strongly associated with drunk driving (OR = 12.24) and living in a conflicting family environment (OR = 6.33). Binge drinking was a constant in students who engaged in fights, those who had problems with the law and among smokers. Conclusion: The high prevalence of risky alcohol consumption, binge drinking and the association of these with risky behaviors in students serve to guide future public policies on prevention.
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Association of alcohol use with problematic mobile phone use and depressive symptoms among college students in Anhui, China. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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de Oliveira LG, Leopoldo K, Gouvea MJC, Barroso LP, Gouveia PAR, Muñoz DR, Leyton V. Prevalence of at-risk drinking among Brazilian truck drivers and its interference on the performance of executive cognitive tasks. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 166:218-25. [PMID: 27491816 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking (BD) has been associated with an increase in the risk of alcohol-related injuries. Alcohol continues to be the main substance consumed by truck drivers, a population of special concern, since they are often involved in traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BD and its interference in the executive functioning among truck drivers in Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS A non-probabilistic sample of 684 truck drivers was requested to answer a structured research instrument on their demographic data and alcohol use. They performed cognitive tests to assess their executive functioning and inventories about confounding variables. The participants were then divided according to their involvement in BD. RESULTS 17.5% of the interviewees have reported being engaged in BD. Binge drinkers showed a better performance on one test, despite having done so at the expense of more mistakes and lower accuracy. More interestingly, binge drinkers took three seconds longer than non-binge drinkers to inhibit an inadequate response, which is worrisome in the context of traffic. Overall, the deleterious effect of BD on performance remained after controlling for the effects of confounding variables in regression logistic models. CONCLUSIONS As the use of alcohol among truck drivers may be as a way to get by with their work conditions, we believe that a negotiation between their work organization and public authorities would reduce such use, preventing negative interferences on truck drivers' cognitive functioning, which by its turn may also prevent traffic accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Garcia de Oliveira
- Department of Legal Medicine, Ethics and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kae Leopoldo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Ethics and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Julio Cesar Gouvea
- Department of Legal Medicine, Ethics and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Pereira Barroso
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 1010, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Adriana Rodrigues Gouveia
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Psychology and Neuropsychology Service, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Morumbi, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Romero Muñoz
- Department of Legal Medicine, Ethics and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vilma Leyton
- Department of Legal Medicine, Ethics and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Leopoldo K, Leyton V, Oliveira LGD. [Alcohol use alone and in combination with other drugs among truck drivers on highways in São Paulo State, Brazil: a cross-sectional study]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 31:1916-28. [PMID: 26578016 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00047214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traffic accidents cause more than a million deaths per year worldwide. Brazil is one of the leading countries in traffic accidents. Since alcohol is a known etiological factor for traffic accidents, the pattern of alcohol use alone and in combination with other drugs was assessed in a convenience sample of 684 truck drivers in São Paulo State, Brazil. 67.3% of participants reported alcohol use in the previous 30 days, 34.6% reported heavy drinking, 26% binge drinking, and 9.2% were at risk of developing alcohol addiction. Furthermore, 54.6% reported multiple drug use, mostly alcohol with tobacco and energy drinks. Truck drivers that reported multiple drug use showed heavier alcohol use than those who consumed only alcohol. Drinking and driving is problematic and can be aggravated by multiple drug use. The authors thus suggest monitoring the issue, which creates serious problems for users and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Leopoldo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vilma Leyton
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Rogowska AM. Problematic use of psychoactive substances in undergraduates: a comparison of four patterns of substance use. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1021865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Eckschmidt F, de Andrade AG, dos Santos B, de Oliveira LG. The effects of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) on traffic behaviors among Brazilian college students: a national survey. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2013; 14:671-679. [PMID: 23944744 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2012.755261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drinking alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) may be contributing to hazardous drinking practices and risk-taking behaviors among college students. In this regard, this study aimed to assess the frequency of AmED consumption in a national sample of Brazilian college students and to estimate the risk that energy drinks pose on drinking and traffic behaviors. METHOD A sample of 12,711 college students from across the country was asked to complete a research questionnaire on the use of drugs and other behaviors. Students who reported drinking in the previous 12 months (N = 8672) were divided into 2 groups: (a) those who reported drinking only alcohol (N = 4192) and (b) those who reported drinking AmED (N = 1119). The college students who reported the use of at least one illicit drug were excluded from data analysis. Descriptive and inferential analyses were subsequently carried out using the R library survey software 2.15.0. The null hypothesis was rejected at the level of P < .05. RESULTS AmED users are more likely to be hazardous drinkers. Being male, single, and involved with high-risk drinking behaviors are associated to AmED. After adjusting for demographic and drinking variables, the odds of being involved in high-risk traffic behaviors--for example, driving at high speed (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; P < .001) and driving after binge drinking (OR = 2.8; P < .001)--were higher among AmED users than alcohol only users (AUs). CONCLUSION The current findings are consistent with the results of previous studies. Drinking AmED may make college students more vulnerable to the occurrence of risky drinking and traffic behaviors. Educational campaigns targeted to young people should be developed warning them about the potential risks of mixing alcohol with energy drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Eckschmidt
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo-FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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