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Klein H, Washington TA. The Relationship of Anti-Transgender Discrimination, Harassment, and Violence to Binge Drinking among Transgender Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:583-590. [PMID: 38105183 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2293731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Using a minority stress paradigm, this paper examines the relationship between anti-transgender discrimination, harassment, and violence among transgender adults. Methods: Data from the 2015 U.S. National Transgender Survey were used to examine twenty types of anti-transgender experiences/problems (e.g., harassment at work, problems with police officials, verbal and physical assaults) in a sample of 27,715 transgender Americans aged 18 or older. Binge drinking during the previous month was the dependent variable, and eight control measures were examined in the multivariate analysis. Results: Experiencing any of the twenty types of anti-transgender discrimination, harassment, or violence increased the odds of binge drinking by 48%. Experiencing many such problems increased the odds of binge drinking by 104%. Multivariate analysis showed that anti-transgender discrimination, harassment, and violence remains a predictor of binge drinking even when other key measures are taken into account. Younger people, racial minority group members, and persons who were not married or "involved" were at particularly great risk. Conclusions: Consistent with the minority stress paradigm, the more different types of anti-transgender experiences people had, the more likely they were to engage in binge drinking. Targeted intervention needs to help transgender persons to avoid anti-transgender discrimination, harassment, and violence to the greatest extent possible, and to develop resiliency skills whenever they are victimized. This is particularly true for transgender persons who are younger, minority, and not "involved" in a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Klein
- Kensington Research Institute, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- School of Social Work, California State University-Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Thomas Alex Washington
- School of Social Work, California State University-Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
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Lai Z, Li Z, Huang M, Wang Y, Li L, Liu F, Yang T, Liu Y, Xu Q, Gao S, Yu C. Associations Between GGT/ALT Ratio and Carotid Plaque in Inpatients With Coronary Artery Disease: A RCSCD-TCM Study. Angiology 2023:33197231197441. [PMID: 37632145 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231197441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between gamma-glutamyltransferase/alanine aminotransferase (GGT/ALT) ratio and carotid plaques in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This multicenter retrospective study included 8,255 patients with CAD who were divided according to GGT/ALT quartiles: Q1 (GGT/ALT ≤ 1.00), Q2 (1.00 < GGT/ALT ≤ 1.41), Q3 (1.41 < GGT/ALT ≤ 2.05), and Q4 (GGT/ALT > 2.05). Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between GGT/ALT, carotid plaques, and carotid plaque echogenicity. GGT/ALT ratio (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.21; P < .001) was significantly associated with carotid plaque risk. The degree of relevance was higher in men (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.35-2.15; P < .001) than in women (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.28-1.91; P < .001). The ORs value of carotid plaque risk was higher in middle-aged patients (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.78-2.80; P < .001) than in older patients (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.44-2.18; P < .001). The GGT/ALT ratio was significantly associated with different carotid plaque echogenicity, and the highest OR values were for isoechoic plaques (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.12-1.24; P < .001). These findings suggest that the GGT/ALT ratio might be associated with a high risk of developing carotid plaques and different types of plaque echoes and was more significantly associated with isoechoic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Lai
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
| | - Zhu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Huang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
| | - Fanfan Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New Town, China
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Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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Wang S, Liu J, Cheng D, Ren L, Zheng L, Chen F, Zeng T. Bacillus subtilis pretreatment alleviates ethanol-induced acute liver injury by regulating the Gut-liver axis in mice. Toxicology 2023; 488:153487. [PMID: 36907542 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Bacillus subtilis, a commensal bacterial species in the human gut, on ethanol-induced acute liver damage and the underlying mechanisms in mice. Male ICR mice challenged with three doses of ethanol (5.5 g/kg BW) exhibited a significant increase in serum aminotransferase activities and TNF-α level, liver fat accumulation, and activation of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome, which was suppressed by pretreatment with Bacillus subtilis. Besides, Bacillus subtilis inhibited acute ethanol-induced intestinal villi shortening and epithelial loss, the decline of protein levels of intestinal tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin, and elevation of serum LPS level. Furthermore, the upregulation of mucin-2 (MUC2) and the downregulation of anti-microbial Reg3B and Reg3G levels induced by ethanol were repressed by Bacillus subtilis. Lastly, Bacillus subtilis pretreatment significantly increased the abundance of the intestinal Bacillus, but had no effects on the binge drinking-induced increase of Prevotellaceae abundance. These results demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis supplementation could ameliorate binge drinking-induced liver injury, and thus may serve as a functional dietary supplement for binge drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jinqian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Health Test and Detection, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Lehao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Lixue Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Niemelä O, Bloigu A, Bloigu R, Halkola AS, Niemelä M, Aalto M, Laatikainen T. Impact of Physical Activity on the Characteristics and Metabolic Consequences of Alcohol Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15048. [PMID: 36429766 PMCID: PMC9690068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and excessive alcohol drinking are major modifiable risk factors of health. In order to shed further light on the relationships between physical activity and health consequences of alcohol intake, we measured biomarkers of liver function, inflammation, lipid status and fatty liver index tests in a large population-based sample of individuals with different levels of physical activity, alcohol drinking and other lifestyle risk factors. The study included 21,050 adult participants (9940 men, 11,110 women) (mean age 48.2 ± 13.3 years) of the National FINRISK Study. Data on physical activity, alcohol drinking, smoking and body weight were recorded. The participants were classified to subgroups according to gender, levels of physical activity (sedentary, low, moderate, vigorous, extreme), alcohol drinking levels (abstainers, moderate drinkers, heavy drinkers) and patterns (regular or binge, types of beverages preferred in consumption). Serum liver enzymes (GGT, ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profiles were measured using standard laboratory techniques. Physical activity was linearly and inversely related with the amount of alcohol consumption, with the lowest alcohol drinking levels being observed in those with vigorous or extreme activity (p < 0.0005). Physically active individuals were less frequently binge-type drinkers, cigarette smokers or heavy coffee drinkers than those with sedentary activity (p < 0.0005 for linear trend in all comparisons). In the General Linear Model to assess the main and interaction effects of physical activity and alcohol consumption on biomarker status, as adjusted for anthropometric measures, smoking and coffee consumption, increasing levels of physical activity were found to be associated with more favorable findings on serum GGT (p < 0.0005), ALT (p < 0.0005 for men), cholesterol (p = 0.025 for men; p < 0.0005 for women), HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.0005 for men, p = 0.001 for women), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.03 for men), triglycerides (p < 0.0005 for men, p < 0.03 for women), CRP (p < 0.0005 for men, p = 0.006 for women) and fatty liver index (p < 0.0005). The data support the view that regular moderate to vigorous physical activity may counteract adverse metabolic consequences of alcohol consumption on liver function, inflammation and lipid status. The role of physical activity should be further emphasized in interventions aimed at reducing health problems related to unfavorable risk factors of lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anni S. Halkola
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Markus Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mauri Aalto
- Department of Psychiatry, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Social Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services, 80210 Joensuu, Finland
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Niemelä O, Aalto M, Bloigu A, Bloigu R, Halkola AS, Laatikainen T. Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Laboratory Indices of Health: Does Type of Alcohol Preferred Make a Difference? Nutrients 2022; 14:4529. [PMID: 36364789 PMCID: PMC9658819 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although excessive alcohol consumption is a highly prevalent public health problem the data on the associations between alcohol consumption and health outcomes in individuals preferring different types of alcoholic beverages has remained unclear. We examined the relationships between the amounts and patterns of drinking with the data on laboratory indices of liver function, lipid status and inflammation in a national population-based health survey (FINRISK). Data on health status, alcohol drinking, types of alcoholic beverages preferred, body weight, smoking, coffee consumption and physical activity were recorded from 22,432 subjects (10,626 men, 11,806 women), age range 25-74 years. The participants were divided to subgroups based on the amounts of regular alcohol intake (abstainers, moderate and heavy drinkers), patterns of drinking (binge or regular) and the type of alcoholic beverage preferred (wine, beer, cider or long drink, hard liquor or mixed). Regular drinking was found to be more typical in wine drinkers whereas the subjects preferring beer or hard liquor were more often binge-type drinkers and cigarette smokers. Alcohol use in all forms was associated with increased frequencies of abnormalities in the markers of liver function, lipid status and inflammation even at rather low levels of consumption. The highest rates of abnormalities occurred, however, in the subgroups of binge-type drinkers preferring beer or hard liquor. These results demonstrate that adverse consequences of alcohol occur even at moderate average drinking levels especially in individuals who engage in binge drinking and in those preferring beer or hard liquor. Further emphasis should be placed on such patterns of drinking in policies aimed at preventing alcohol-induced adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Mauri Aalto
- Department of Psychiatry, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure of Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anni S. Halkola
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services, 80210 Joensuu, Finland
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