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Wang Y, Jiao Z, Li W, Zeng S, Deng J, Wang M, Ren L. Superhydrophilic membrane with photo-Fenton self-cleaning property for effective microalgae anti-fouling. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023; 34:108020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Cardoso Alves S, Díaz-Ruiz E, Lisboa B, Sharma M, Mussatto SI, Thakur VK, Kalaskar DM, Gupta VK, Chandel AK. Microbial meat: A sustainable vegan protein source produced from agri-waste to feed the world. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112596. [PMID: 36914347 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, animal and plant protein may not meet the sustainability criteria due to their high need for arable land and potable water consumption, among other practices. Considering the growing population and food shortage, finding alternative protein sources for human consumption is an urgent issue that needs to be solved, especially in developing countries. In this context, microbial bioconversion of valuable materials in nutritious microbial cells represent a sustainable alternative to the food chain. Microbial protein, also known as single-cell protein (SCP), consist of algae biomass, fungi or bacteria that are currently used as food source for both humans and animals. Besides contributing as a sustainable source of protein to feed the world, producing SCP, is important to reduce waste disposal problems and production costs meeting the sustainable development goals. However, for microbial protein as feed or food to become an important and sustainable alternative, addressing the challenges of raising awareness and achieving wider public regulatory acceptance is real and must be addressed with care and convenience. In this work, we critically reviewed the potential technologies for microbial protein production, its benefits, safety, and limitations associated with its uses, and perspectives for broader large-scale implementation. We argue that the information documented in this manuscript will assist in developing microbial meat as a major protein source for the vegan world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Cardoso Alves
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo 12.602.810, Brazil
| | - Erick Díaz-Ruiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo 12.602.810, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lisboa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo 12.602.810, Brazil
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut- Condorcet, 7800 ATH, Belgium
| | - Solange I Mussatto
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Institute of orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences (IOMS), Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital-NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Anuj K Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo 12.602.810, Brazil.
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Zhao Z, Blockx J, Muylaert K, Thielemans W, Szymczyk A, Vankelecom IF. Exploiting flocculation and membrane filtration synergies for highly energy-efficient, high-yield microalgae harvesting. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Ambarita AC, Mulyati S, Arahman N, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Ismail NM. Improvement of Properties and Performances of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane by Blending with Bio-Based Dragonbloodin Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4436. [PMID: 34960986 PMCID: PMC8707211 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethersulfone (PES) is the most commonly used polymer for membrane ultrafiltration because of its superior properties. However, it is hydrophobic, as such susceptible to fouling and low permeation rate. This study proposes a novel bio-based additive of dragonbloodin resin (DBR) for improving the properties and performance of PES-based membranes. Four flat sheet membranes were prepared by varying the concentration of DBR (0-3%) in the dope solutions using the phase inversion method. After fabrication, the membranes were thoroughly characterized and were tested for filtration of humic acid solution to investigate the effect of DBR loading. Results showed that the hydrophilicity, porosity, and water uptake increased along with the DBR loadings. The presence of DBR in the dope solution fastened the phase inversion, leading to a more porous microstructure, resulted in membranes with higher number and larger pore sizes. Those properties led to more superior hydraulic performances. The PES membranes loaded with DBR reached a clean water flux of 246.79 L/(m2·h), 25-folds higher than the pristine PES membrane at a loading of 3%. The flux of humic acid solution reached 154.5 ± 6.6 L/(m2·h), 30-folds higher than the pristine PES membrane with a slight decrease in rejection (71% vs. 60%). Moreover, DBR loaded membranes (2% and 3%) showed an almost complete flux recovery ratio over five cleaning cycles, demonstrating their excellent antifouling property. The hydraulic performance could possibly be enhanced by leaching the entrapped DBR to create more voids and pores for water permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulia Chintia Ambarita
- Doctoral Program, School of Engineering Science, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Sri Mulyati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Nasrul Arahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (M.R.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (M.R.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Noor Maizura Ismail
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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Castro-Muñoz R, García-Depraect O. Membrane-Based Harvesting Processes for Microalgae and Their Valuable-Related Molecules: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080585. [PMID: 34436347 PMCID: PMC8400455 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interest in microalgae production deals with its role as the third generation of feedstock to recover renewable energy. Today, there is a need to analyze the ultimate research and advances in recovering the microalgae biomass from the culture medium. Therefore, this review brings the current research developments (over the last three years) in the field of harvesting microalgae using membrane-based technologies (including microfiltration, ultrafiltration and forward osmosis). Initially, the principles of membrane technologies are given to outline the main parameters influencing their operation. The main strategies adopted by the research community for the harvesting of microalgae using membranes are subsequently addressed, paying particular attention to the novel achievements made for improving filtration performance and alleviating fouling. Moreover, this contribution also gives an overview of the advantages of applying membrane technologies for the efficient extraction of the high added-value compounds in microalgae cells, such as lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, which together with the production of renewable biofuels could boost the development of more sustainable and cost-effective microalgae biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Avenida Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000 San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.C.-M.); (O.G.-D.)
| | - Octavio García-Depraect
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.C.-M.); (O.G.-D.)
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6
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Zhao Z, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IFJ. Combining patterned membrane filtration and flocculation for economical microalgae harvesting. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117181. [PMID: 33962236 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membranes have a lot of potential for harvesting microalgae, but mainly membrane fouling and high harvesting costs linked to low fluxes are hampering their breakthrough. Patterned membranes can reduce fouling by enchancing local turbulences close to the membrane surface on one hand, and by increasing the active area per m2 of installed membrane on the other. Flocculation can further increase membrane permeance by increasing microalgal partical size and reducing the fraction of free organic matter in the feed. In current study, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the casting solution of patterned polysulfone membranes was investigated to better tune the performance of the patterned membranes, together with the effects of cross-flow velocity and chitosan dosage on membrane fouling. The energy consumption and total harvesting cost, extrapolated to a full-scale microalgal harvesting, were then estimated. The patterned membrane prepared with a 28w% PEG concentration showed the highest clean water permeance (900±22 L/m2 h bar) and membrane permeance in a microalgal suspension (590±17 L/m2 h bar). Patterned membranes showed a lower filtration resistance (15% permeance decline at the end of filtration) than flat membranes (72%) at a cross-flow velocity of 0.0025 m/s. Increasing cross-flow velocity could increase membrane permeance in most cases. The highest stable membrane permeance (110±17 L/m2 h bar) and the lowest filtration resistance were achieved when combining patterned membrane filtration with flocculation at optimized chitosan dosage. A very low energy consumption (0.28 kWh/kg) and harvesting cost (0.16 €/kg) were achieved under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial en Molecular Systems, KU Leuven KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Novoa AF, Vrouwenvelder JS, Fortunato L. Membrane Fouling in Algal Separation Processes: A Review of Influencing Factors and Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.687422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of algal biotechnologies in the production of biofuels, food, and valuable products has gained momentum in recent years, owing to its distinctive rapid growth and compatibility to be coupled to wastewater treatment in membrane photobioreactors. However, membrane fouling is considered a main drawback that offsets the benefits of algal applications by heavily impacting the operation cost. Several fouling control strategies have been proposed, addressing aspects related to characteristics in the feed water and membranes, operational conditions, and biomass properties. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind algal biofouling and control challenges the development of cost-effective strategies needed for the long-term operation of membrane photobioreactors. This paper reviews the progress on algal membrane fouling and control strategies. Herein, we summarize information in the composition and characteristics of algal foulants, namely algal organic matter, cells, and transparent exopolymer particles; and review their dynamic responses to modifications in the feedwater, membrane surface, hydrodynamics, and cleaning methods. This review comparatively analyzes (i) efficiency in fouling control or mitigation, (ii) advantages and drawbacks, (iii) technological performance, and (iv) challenges and knowledge gaps. Ultimately, the article provides a primary reference of algal biofouling in membrane-based applications.
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8
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Zhao Z, Liu B, Ilyas A, Vanierschot M, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IF. Harvesting microalgae using vibrating, negatively charged, patterned polysulfone membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Development of Polysulfone Membrane via Vapor-Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112519. [PMID: 33137888 PMCID: PMC7692673 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discharge of improperly treated oil/water emulsion by industries imposes detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The membrane process is a promising technology for oil/water emulsion treatment. However, it faces the challenge of being maintaining due to membrane fouling. It occurs as a result of the strong interaction between the hydrophobic oil droplets and the hydrophobic membrane surface. This issue has attracted research interest in developing the membrane material that possesses high hydraulic and fouling resistance performances. This research explores the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) method for the fabrication of a hydrophilic polysulfone (PSF) membrane with the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the additive for the treatment of oil/water emulsion. Results show that the slow nonsolvent intake in VIPS greatly influences the resulting membrane structure that allows the higher retention of the additive within the membrane matrix. By extending the exposure time of the cast film under humid air, both surface chemistry and morphology of the resulting membrane can be enhanced. By extending the exposure time from 0 to 60 s, the water contact angle decreases from 70.28 ± 0.61° to 57.72 ± 0.61°, and the clean water permeability increases from 328.70 ± 8.27 to 501.89 ± 8.92 (L·m−2·h−1·bar−1). Moreover, the oil rejection also improves from 85.06 ± 1.6 to 98.48 ± 1.2%. The membrane structure was transformed from a porous top layer with a finger-like macrovoid sub-structure to a relatively thick top layer with a sponge-like macrovoid-free sub-structure. Overall results demonstrate the potential of the VIPS process to enhance both surface chemistry and morphology of the PSF membrane.
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10
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IF. Synergy between membrane filtration and flocculation for harvesting microalgae. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Zhao Z, Mertens M, Li Y, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IFJ. A highly efficient and energy-saving magnetically induced membrane vibration system for harvesting microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122688. [PMID: 31901780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The optimal operational parameters of a second generation magnetically induced membrane vibration (MMV) system were determined using the response surface methodology (RSM) combined with single-factor experiments. The membrane surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and algae cell states by inverted microscopy. The effect of an intermittent vibration strategy on filtration performance and energy consumption was studied. The results showed that the responses could be fitted by RSM models. High membrane flux, low energy consumption, efficient fouling control and no damage to the microalgae could thus be realized. The filtration strategy tests suggested that an intermittent cycle time of 4 min with 50% vibration rate could be the best vibration strategy for harvesting the microalgae under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Mertens
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yun Li
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial en Molecular Systems, KU Leuven KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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The influence of various orifice diameters on cake resistance and pore blocking resistance of a hybrid membrane photobioreactor (HMPBR). Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Improving Water Permeability of Hydrophilic PVDF Membrane Prepared via Blending with Organic and Inorganic Additives for Humic Acid Separation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224099. [PMID: 31766222 PMCID: PMC6891752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of impurities from water or wastewater by the membrane filtration process has become more reliable due to good hydraulic performance and high permeate quality. The filterability of the membrane can be improved by having a material with a specific pore structure and good hydrophilic properties. This work aims at preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane incorporated with phospholipid in the form of a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, polymeric additive in the form of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and its combination with inorganic nanosilica from a renewable source derived from bagasse. The resulting membrane morphologies were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy was performed to analyze the membrane surface roughness. The chemical compositions of the resulting membranes were identified using Fourier transform infrared. A lab-scale cross-flow filtration system module was used to evaluate the membrane's hydraulic and separation performance by the filtration of humic acid (HA) solution as the model contaminant. Results showed that the additives improved the membrane surface hydrophilicity. All modified membranes also showed up to five times higher water permeability than the pristine PVDF, thanks to the improved structure. Additionally, all membrane samples showed HA rejections of 75-90%.
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14
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Jia H, Fu B, Xu R, Fu Q. Algal fouling and extracellular organic matter removal in powdered activated carbon-submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:351-361. [PMID: 30933791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on fouling by algal solution during ultrafiltration using two different PAC dosing strategies: pre-depositing PAC onto the membrane surfaces or the conventional addition of PAC to the bulk feed. The addition of PAC by either mode improved the removal of extracellular organic matter (EOM) from the algal solution. However, for the pre-deposition mode, increasing the PAC amount from 0 to 2.1 g caused a steady increase in the membrane fouling rate (from 0.4 to 1.4 kPa/h), whereas the opposite result (from 0.4 down to 0.1 kPa/h) was found for the conventional PAC dosing mode. This is likely due to the differences in the initial arrangement of algal cells and PAC along the cake layer depths. The pre-deposited PAC avoided contact between cells and membranes, but aggravated the deformation of the cells and hindered their back-transport to the bulk solution. Furthermore, although the effect of PAC on the EOM fouling was marginal, there were highly synergistic effects when cells and EOM were present together in the PAC pre-deposition mode. Changes in the PAC dosing mode also altered the PAC-membrane interactions, inducing a higher cleaning efficiency of backwash for the conventionally-dosed PAC from membrane surfaces than that for the pre-deposited PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Hongjing Jia
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Bangguo Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Rongwei Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China.
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15
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Ye J, Sha J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Hu Q, Chen Y. Influence of growth phase on the harvesting of Scenedesmus acuminatus using ultrafiltration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:25-31. [PMID: 30639715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular characteristics and algogenic organic matter (AOM) properties change with culture time. This study aims to understand the changes throughout the growth phase, and their effect on Scenedesmus acuminatus harvesting using ultrafiltration. The variations in cellular particle size distribution, cellular EPS content, and the biochemical composition and molecular weight of AOM were analyzed, followed by the membrane harvesting of the original S. acuminatus suspension, AOM-free cells and cell-free AOM. The results showed that the average flux for the original suspension increased with growth phase and reached an increase of 36.3% in the declining phase. AOM played a greater role than S. acuminatus cells in flux decline for all growth phases. Exponential-phase AOM contained a greater high-MW fraction and more carbohydrates, and the exponential cells were smaller cells and had a higher EPS content; these characteristics resulted in a reduced average flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Sha
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; SDIC Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., Beijing 100035, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Gradual PVP leaching from PVDF/PVP blend membranes and its effects on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Bilad MR, Azizo AS, Wirzal MDH, Jia Jia L, Putra ZA, Nordin NAHM, Mavukkandy MO, Jasni MJF, Yusoff ARM. Tackling membrane fouling in microalgae filtration using nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:23-28. [PMID: 29885561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae technology, if managed properly, has promising roles in solving food-water-energy nexus. The Achilles' heel is, however, to lower the costs associated with cultivation and harvesting. As a favorable technique, application of membrane process is strongly limited by membrane fouling. This study evaluates performance of nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane (NFM) to a conventional polyvinylidene fluoride phase inverted membrane (PVDF PIM) for filtration of Chlorella vulgaris. Results show that nylon 6,6 NFM is superhydrophilic, has higher size of pore opening (0.22 vs 0.18 μm) and higher surface pore density (23 vs 18 pores/μm2) leading to higher permeance (1018 vs 493 L/m2hbar) and better fouling resistant. Such advantages help to outperform the filterability of PVDF PIM by showing much higher steady-state permeance (286 vs 120 L/m2hbar), with comparable biomass retention. In addition, unlike for PVDF PIM, imposing longer relaxation cycles further enhances the performance of the NFM (i.e., 178 L/m2hbar for 0.5 min and 236 L/m2hbar for 5 min). Overall findings confirm the advantages of nylon 6,6 NFM over the PVDF PIM. Such advantages can help to reduce required membrane area and specific aeration demand by enabling higher flux and lowering aeration rate. Nevertheless, developments of nylon 6,6 NFM material with respect to its intrinsic properties, mechanical strength and operational conditions of the panel can still be explored to enhance its competitiveness as a promising fouling resistant membrane material for microalgae filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - A S Azizo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M D H Wirzal
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - L Jia Jia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Z A Putra
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - N A H M Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M O Mavukkandy
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWater), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M J F Jasni
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A R M Yusoff
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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18
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Liao Y, Bokhary A, Maleki E, Liao B. A review of membrane fouling and its control in algal-related membrane processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:343-358. [PMID: 29983228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have received much attention in microalgae biorefinery for nutrients removal from wastewater, carbon dioxide abatement from the air as well as the production of value-added products and biofuel in recent years. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review on membrane fouling issues and its control in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) and other algal-related membrane processes (harvesting, dewatering, and biofuel production). The mechanisms of membrane fouling and factors affecting membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are systematically reviewed. Also, strategies to control membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are summarized and discussed. Finally, the gaps, challenges, and opportunities in membrane fouling control in algal-related membrane technologies are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Alnour Bokhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Esmat Maleki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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19
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Zhang Y, Fu Q. Algal fouling of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes and control strategies: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Eliseus A, Bilad MR, Nordin NAHM, Putra ZA, Wirzal MDH. Tilted membrane panel: A new module concept to maximize the impact of air bubbles for membrane fouling control in microalgae harvesting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:661-668. [PMID: 28609754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae harvesting using membrane technology is challenging because of its high fouling propensity. As an established fouling mitigation technique, efficacy of air bubbles can be improved by maximizing the impact of shear-rates in scouring foulant. In this study, it is achieved by tilting the membrane panel. We investigate the effect of tilting angle, switching period as well as aeration rate during microalgal broth filtration. Results show that higher tilting angles (up to 20°) improve permeability of up to 2.7 times of the vertical panel. In addition, operating a one-sided panel is better than a two-sided panel, in which the later involved switching mode. One-sided membrane panel only require a half of area, yet its performance is comparable with of a large-scale module. This tilted panel can lead to significant membrane cost reductions and eventually improves the competitiveness of membrane technology for microalgae harvesting application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eliseus
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - M R Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia; Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia, Institut Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan, Jalan Pemuda No 59A, Mataram, Indonesia.
| | - N A H M Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Z A Putra
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - M D H Wirzal
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
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21
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Using axial vibration membrane process to mitigate membrane fouling and reject extracellular organic matter in microalgae harvesting. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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A novel monoamine modification strategy toward high-performance organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membrane for sustainable molecular separations. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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