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Zhang S, Cao J, Zheng Y, Hou M, Song L, Na J, Jiang Y, Huang Y, Liu T, Wei H. Insight into coagulation/flocculation mechanisms on microalgae harvesting by ferric chloride and polyacrylamide in different growth phases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130082. [PMID: 38006984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
FeCl3 and polyacrylamide (PAM) had been used to investigate the effect of coagulation, flocculation, and their combination on algae cells and extracellular organic matter (EOM) at different phases. PAM tended to aggregate particle-like substances, while FeCl3 could interact with EOM. The content of EOM kept rising during the algae growth cycle, while OD680 peaked at about 3.0. At stationary phase Ⅰ, the removal efficiencies of UV254, turbidity and OD680 of the suspension conditioned with FeCl3 + PAM reached (88.08 ± 0.89)%, (89.72 ± 0.36)% and (93.99 ± 0.05)%, respectively. Nevertheless, PAM + FeCl3 exhibited the worst efficiency because of the release of EOM caused by the turbulence. The results suggested that algal cells served as a coagulation aid to facilitate floc formation, while excessive EOM deteriorated harvesting performance. The process of FeCl3 + PAM at stationary phase Ⅰ appears to be a promising technology for microalgae harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Jingyi Cao
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yajiao Zheng
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Meifang Hou
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Lili Song
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Jiandie Na
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Jiang
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yichen Huang
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Hua Wei
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China.
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2
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Oliveira CYB, Jacob A, Nader C, Oliveira CDL, Matos ÂP, Araújo ES, Shabnam N, Ashok B, Gálvez AO. An overview on microalgae as renewable resources for meeting sustainable development goals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115897. [PMID: 35947909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increased demands and dependence on depleted oil reserves, accompanied by global warming and climate change have driven the world to explore and develop new strategies for global sustainable development. Among sustainable biomass sources, microalgae represent a promising alternative to fossil fuel and can contribute to the achievement of important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article has reviewed the various applications of microalgal biomass that includes (i) the use in aquaculture and its sustainability; (ii) commercial value and emerging extraction strategies of carotenoids; (iii) biofuels from microalgae and their application in internal combustion engines; (iv) the use and reuse of water in microalgae cultivation; and (v) microalgae biotechnology as a key factor to assist SDGs. The future prospects and challenges on the microalgae circular bio economy, issues with regard to the scale-up and water demand in microalgae cultivation are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Yure B Oliveira
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Ashwin Jacob
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Camila Nader
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cicero Diogo L Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ângelo P Matos
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Evando S Araújo
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Aplicações de Eletrofiação e Nanotecnologia (GPEA-Nano), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Juazeiro, Brazil
| | - Nisha Shabnam
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Czech Republic
| | - Bragadeshwaran Ashok
- Division of Thermal and Automotive, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Alfredo O Gálvez
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Andrade BB, Cardoso LG, de Souza CO, Druzian JI, Cunha Lima STD. Technological Prospecting: Electroflocculation Harvesting Procedure to Obtain Microalgae Biomass. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Guimarães Cardoso
- Laboratory of Algae Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Bromatological Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Suzana Telles da Cunha Lima
- Bioprospecting and Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Shaikh SM, Hassan MK, Nasser M, Sayadi S, Ayesh AI, Vasagar V. A comprehensive review on harvesting of microalgae using Polyacrylamide-Based Flocculants: Potentials and challenges. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Ananthi V, Balaji P, Sindhu R, Kim SH, Pugazhendhi A, Arun A. A critical review on different harvesting techniques for algal based biodiesel production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146467. [PMID: 33774295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fuels retrieved from renewable sources which are usually employed as both carbon and energy sources are termed as neutral based biofuels. The most promising feedstock from renewable sources with great potentiality in contributing to the inclining energy demand is microalgae. These microalgae can be harnessed readily in terms of obtaining qualitative biodiesel with greater energy consumption under limited operational cost. The process of harvesting or dewatering microalgae could be carried under single or sequential combinations of operations. The major drawback of harvesting such as huge operational cost could be lowered by increasing the level of automation than cost of investments. The present review concentrates and explores on the techno-economic analysis of the microalgal harvesting and dewatering processes on a large scale. Along with these advanced techniques enclosing the utilization of nanoparticles for harvesting has also been explored. And it also adds with the impacts of concerning facts on energy consumption, processing cost and recovery of resources during harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ananthi
- Department of Microbiology, PRIST University, Madurai Campus, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - A Arun
- Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang Q, Oshita K, Takaoka M. Evaluation of flocculation performance of amphoteric flocculant when harvesting microalgae Coccomyxa sp. KJ by response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111449. [PMID: 33035942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A response surface methodology was used to investigate the flocculation performance of an amphoteric flocculant (acrylamide-methacrylic acid ester-acrylic acid copolymer [ACPAM]) for harvesting microalgae. After three potential influencing factors (pH, dosage, and the stirring speed of an intensive mixing step ω1) passed screening in experiments using a Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent experiments were conducted to identify the parameters for Box-Behnken assessments. In those assessments, ω1, dosage, ω12, dosage2, and ω1 ∙ dosage were identified as significant factors. This model was optimized by removing nonsignificant factors and applying Box-Cox transformation, both of which significantly improved the adequacy of the model. An optimized set of conditions (pH = 9.0, ω1 = 339.3 rpm, and dosage = 28.54 mg/L) was obtained under which flocculation efficiency (FE) was predicted to be 95.85% and 98.00% for the nonsignificant factors removed and Box-Cox transformed models, respectively, compared to an experimentally determined value of 98.06%. Thermal stability analyses showed that the ACPAM was generally stable below 100 °C with some weight loss caused by moisture evaporation. However, crosslinking of its molecules by imidization and condensation started to occur at 120 °C, resulting in a lower flocculation performance. Finally, the applicability of the ACPAM was studied by comparing its FE to those of two other flocculants (AlCl3 and chitosan) when harvesting three microalgal species. The results showed flocculation performance of ACPAM varied with microalgae species, for one species the ACPAM dosage needed was highest while for another species, the dosage was lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oshita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IF. Synergy between membrane filtration and flocculation for harvesting microalgae. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Rodero MDR, Muñoz R, Lebrero R, Verfaillie A, Blockx J, Thielemans W, Muylaert K, Praveenkumar R. Harvesting microalgal-bacterial biomass from biogas upgrading process and evaluating the impact of flocculants on their growth during repeated recycling of the spent medium. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Sha J, Lu Z, Ye J, Wang G, Hu Q, Chen Y, Zhang X. The inhibition effect of recycled Scenedesmus acuminatus culture media: Influence of growth phase, inhibitor identification and removal. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Goswami G, Kumar R, Sinha A, Maiti SK, Chandra Dutta B, Singh H, Das D. A low-cost and scalable process for harvesting microalgae using commercial-grade flocculant. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39011-39024. [PMID: 35540680 PMCID: PMC9076021 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A low-cost and scalable harvesting process was demonstrated for Chlorella sp. FC2 IITG, which offered an improved process economy for the production of a microalgal biomass feedstock via (i) the utilization of a cheaper commercial grade chemical flocculant; (ii) the recycling of post-harvested nutrient-rich spent water for the successive growth of the FC2 cells and (iii) the modulation of the flocculant dose, resulting in the non-requirement of a pH adjustment of the spent water and separate inoculum development step. Ferrous sulphate and ferric chloride were screened from a pool of four commercial grade flocculants, resulting in high harvesting efficiencies of 99.83% and 99.93% at the lower flocculant doses (g of flocculant g of dry biomass−1) of 2.5 and 3, respectively. The effect of the recycled nutrient-rich spent water and treated non-flocculated microalgal cells after harvesting was evaluated for the growth performance of the FC2 cells in six successive batches. It was found that ferrous sulphate was superior over ferric chloride in terms of the recyclability of the spent water for more number of batches, offering similar growth kinetics and nutrient recovery efficiency as compared with that of the control sample. The scale-up feasibility of the harvesting process was evaluated with a 5 L photobioreactor under indoor conditions and a 350 L open raceway pond under outdoor conditions with a modulated flocculant dose of 1.5 g ferrous sulphate. g dry biomass−1. The harvesting cost of 1 kg biomass using commercial grade ferrous sulphate was estimated to be in the range of 0.17–0.3 USD and was significantly lower as compared to that of analytical grade ferrous sulphate. A low-cost and scalable microalgal harvesting process with high harvesting efficiency has been demonstrated using a commercial flocculant and spent-water recycling.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Goswami
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Guwahati
- India
| | - Ratan Kumar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Guwahati
- India
| | - Ankan Sinha
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Guwahati
- India
| | - Soumen Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Guwahati
- India
| | | | - Harendra Singh
- Institute of Biotechnology & Geotectonic Studies
- ONGC Ltd
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Debasish Das
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Guwahati
- India
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11
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Pereira JL, Vidal T, Gonçalves FJM, Gabriel RG, Costa R, Rasteiro MG. Is the aquatic toxicity of cationic polyelectrolytes predictable from selected physical properties? CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:145-153. [PMID: 29567612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cationic acrylamide-based polyelectrolytes (cPAM) are widely used in industry. They can be designed for optimal performance in a specific application, but this opportunity means the environmental safety of all different alternatives needs to be addressed. Both the inclusion of environmental toxicity as a design variable and the establishment of relationships between structure and ecotoxicity are thus current challenges. The aim of this study was to assess whether structural variables such as molecular weight, charge density and the integrative intrinsic viscosity parameter can be used to predict the environmental safety of cPAMs, as well as if these relationships are stable when the biological models change. Five cPAMs comprising molecular weight and charge density gradients were tested against bacteria, microalgae, macrophytes and daphnids. While correlations were found between physical properties of cPAMs as expected, no clear ecotoxicity patterns could be identified. All cPAMs can be classified as harmful to aquatic life on the basis of the responses elicited in the most sensitive organisms, microalgae and daphnids. Unicellular bacteria were the least sensitive eco-receptors possibly due to cell wall structure or the protective effect of the ionic strength of the test medium. The macrophytes were also tolerant to cPAMs exposure, which may be related to exposure avoidance mechanisms. The order of toxicity of cPAMs depended on the test organism, preventing the establishment of stable structure-ecotoxicity relationships. Therefore, the study leads to the overall generalist recommendation of relying on the most sensitively responding test organisms when developing new (eco)safe-by-design cPAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Luísa Pereira
- Department of Biology, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Vidal
- Department of Biology, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Garrido Gabriel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Research Centre for Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, 3030-7909 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Research Centre for Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, 3030-7909 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Rasteiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Research Centre for Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, 3030-7909 Coimbra, Portugal
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Gonzalez-Torres A, Rich A, Marjo C, Henderson R. Evaluation of biochemical algal floc properties using Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Imaging. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Cross-study analysis of factors affecting algae cultivation in recycled medium for biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Sun Y, Zhu C, Sun W, Xu Y, Xiao X, Zheng H, Wu H, Liu C. Plasma-initiated polymerization of chitosan-based CS-g-P(AM-DMDAAC) flocculant for the enhanced flocculation of low-algal-turbidity water. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:222-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Lama S, Muylaert K, Karki TB, Foubert I, Henderson RK, Vandamme D. Flocculation properties of several microalgae and a cyanobacterium species during ferric chloride, chitosan and alkaline flocculation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:464-470. [PMID: 27611030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation holds great potential as a low-cost harvesting method for microalgae biomass production. Three flocculation methods (ferric chloride, chitosan, and alkaline flocculation) were compared in this study for the harvesting of 9 different freshwater and marine microalgae and one cyanobacterium species. Ferric chloride resulted in a separation efficiency greater than 90% with a concentration factor (CF) higher than 10 for all species. Chitosan flocculation worked generally very well for freshwater microalgae, but not for marine species. Alkaline flocculation was most efficient for harvesting of Nannochloropsis, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella sp. The concentration factor was highly variable between microalgae species. Generally, minimum flocculant dosages were highly variable across species, which shows that flocculation may be a good harvesting method for some species but not for others. This study shows that microalgae and cyanobacteria species should not be selected solely based on their productivity but also on their potential for low-cost separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya Lama
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Tika Bahadur Karki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Imogen Foubert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Research Unit Food & Lipids, Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rita K Henderson
- bioMASS lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Dries Vandamme
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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