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Bora A, Thondi Rajan AS, Ponnuchamy K, Muthusamy G, Alagarsamy A. Microalgae to bioenergy production: Recent advances, influencing parameters, utilization of wastewater - A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174230. [PMID: 38942321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Fossil fuel limitations and their influence on climate change through atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions have made the excessive use of fossil fuels widely recognized as unsustainable. The high lipid content, carbon-neutral nature and potential as a biofuel source have made microalgae a subject of global study. Microalgae are a promising supply of biomass for third-generation biofuels production since they are renewable. They have the potential to produce significant amounts of biofuel and are considered a sustainable alternative to non-renewable energy sources. Microalgae are currently incapable to synthesize algal biofuel on an extensive basis in a sustainable manner, despite their significance in the global production of biofuels. Wastewater contains nutrients (both organic and inorganic) which is essential for the development of microalgae. Microalgae and wastewater can be combined to remediate waste effectively. Wastewater of various kinds such as industrial, agricultural, domestic, and municipal can be used as a substrate for microalgal growth. This process helps reduce carbon dioxide emissions and makes the production of biofuels more cost-effective. This critical review provides a detailed analysis of the utilization of wastewater as a growth medium for microalgal - biofuel production. The review also highlights potential future strategies to improve the commercial production of biofuels from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhispa Bora
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angelin Swetha Thondi Rajan
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govarthanan Muthusamy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Arun Alagarsamy
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Scarponi P, Caminiti V, Bravi M, Izzo FC, Cavinato C. Coupling anaerobic co-digestion of winery waste and waste activated sludge with a microalgae process: Optimization of a semi-continuous system. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:300-309. [PMID: 38086294 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Wine production represents one of the most important agro-industrial sectors in Italy. Wine lees are the most significant waste in the winery industry and have high disposal and storage costs and few applications within the circular economy. In this study, anaerobic digestion and a microalgae coupled process was studied in order to treat wine lees and waste activated sludge produced within the same facility, with the aim of producing energy and valuable microalgae biomass that could be processed to recover biofuel or biostimulant. Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated on liquid digestate in a semi-continuous system without biomass recirculation. The best growth and phytoremediation performance were achieved applying a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 days with a stable dry weight, lipid and protein storage of 1.85 ± 0.02 g l-1, 33.48 ± 7.54 % and 57.85 ± 10.14 % respectively. Lipid characterization highlighted the potential use in high quality biodiesel production, according to EN14214 (<12 % v/v linolenic acid). The microalgae reactor's liquid output showed high removal of ammonia (95.72 ± 2.10 %), but low organic soluble matter reduction. Further semi-continuous process optimization was carried out by increasing the time between digestate feeding and biomass recovery at HRT 10. These operative changes avoided biomass wash-out and provided a stable phytoremediation of the digestate with 84.58 ± 4.02 % ammonia removal, 33.01 ± 1.44 % sCOD removal, 38.06 ± 2.65 % of polyphenols removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Scarponi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - V Caminiti
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment, University of Padova, viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Bravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - F C Izzo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - C Cavinato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
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Agro-Industrial Wastewaters for Algal Biomass Production, Bio-Based Products, and Biofuels in a Circular Bioeconomy. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling bioresources is the only way to sustainably meet a growing world population’s food and energy needs. One of the ways to do so is by using agro-industry wastewater to cultivate microalgae. While the industrial production of microalgae requires large volumes of water, existing agro-industry processes generate large volumes of wastewater with eutrophicating nutrients and organic carbon that must be removed before recycling the water back into the environment. Coupling these two processes can benefit the flourishing microalgal industry, which requires water, and the agro-industry, which could gain extra revenue by converting a waste stream into a bioproduct. Microalgal biomass can be used to produce energy, nutritional biomass, and specialty products. However, there are challenges to establishing stable and circular processes, from microalgae selection and adaptation to pretreating and reclaiming energy from residues. This review discusses the potential of agro-industry residues for microalgal production, with a particular interest in the composition and the use of important primary (raw) and secondary (digestate) effluents generated in large volumes: sugarcane vinasse, palm oil mill effluent, cassava processing waster, abattoir wastewater, dairy processing wastewater, and aquaculture wastewater. It also overviews recent examples of microalgae production in residues and aspects of process integration and possible products, avoiding xenobiotics and heavy metal recycling. As virtually all agro-industries have boilers emitting CO2 that microalgae can use, and many industries could benefit from anaerobic digestion to reclaim energy from the effluents before microalgal cultivation, the use of gaseous effluents is also discussed in the text.
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Leong YK, Chang JS. Integrated role of algae in the closed-loop circular economy of anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127618. [PMID: 35840031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Following the surging demand for sustainable biofuels, biogas production via anaerobic digestion (AD) presented itself as a solution for energy security, waste management, and greenhouse gas mitigation. Algal-based biorefinery platform serves an important role in the AD-based closed-loop circular economy. Other than using whole biomass of micro- and macroalgae as feedstock for biogas production, the integration of AD with other bio- or thermochemical conversion techniques can achieve complete valorization of biomass residue after processing or valuable compounds extraction. On the other hand, anaerobic digestate, the byproduct of AD processes can be used for microalgal cultivation for lipid and pigments accumulation, closing the loop of resource flow. Furthermore, algae and its consortium with bacteria or fungi can be employed for combined biogas upgrading and wastewater treatment. Innovative strategies have been developed to enhance biogas upgrading and pollutant removal performance as well as minimize O2 and N2 content in the upgraded biomethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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Chong CC, Cheng YW, Ishak S, Lam MK, Lim JW, Tan IS, Show PL, Lee KT. Anaerobic digestate as a low-cost nutrient source for sustainable microalgae cultivation: A way forward through waste valorization approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150070. [PMID: 34525689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To suffice the escalating global energy demand, microalgae are deemed as high potential surrogate feedstocks for liquid fuels. The major encumbrance for the commercialization of microalgae cultivation is due to the high costs of nutrients such as carbon, phosphorous, and nitrogen. Meanwhile, the organic-rich anaerobic digestate which is difficult to be purified by conventional techniques is appropriate to be used as a low-cost nutrient source for the economic viability and sustainability of microalgae production. This option is also beneficial in terms of reutilize the organic fraction of solid waste instead of discarded as zero-value waste. Anaerobic digestate is the side product of biogas production during anaerobic digestion process, where optimum nutrients are needed to satisfy the physiological needs to grow microalgae. Besides, the turbidity, competing biological contaminants, ammonia and metal toxicity of the digestate are also potentially contributing to the inhibition of microalgae growth. Thus, this review is aimed to explicate the feasibility of utilizing the anaerobic digestate to cultivate microalgae by evaluating their potential challenges and solutions. The proposed potential solutions (digestate dilution and pre-treatment, microalgae strain selection, extra organics addition, nitrification and desulfurization) corresponding to the state-of-the-art challenges are applicable as future directions of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cheng Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Computing, Manipal International University, 71800 Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Wang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Computing, Manipal International University, 71800 Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Syukriyah Ishak
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute for Self-sustainable Building, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute for Self-sustainable Building, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute for Self-sustainable Building, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Sarawak Campus CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Pahunang RR, Buonerba A, Senatore V, Oliva G, Ouda M, Zarra T, Muñoz R, Puig S, Ballesteros FC, Li CW, Hasan SW, Belgiorno V, Naddeo V. Advances in technological control of greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater in the context of circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148479. [PMID: 34465066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review paper aims to identify the main sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and highlights the technologies developed for CO2 capture in this milieu. CO2 is emitted in all the operational units of conventional WWTPs and even after the disposal of treated effluents and sludges. CO2 emissions from wastewater can be captured or mitigated by several technologies such as the production of biochar from sludge, the application of constructed wetlands (CWs), the treatment of wastewater in microbial electrochemical processes (microbial electrosynthesis, MES; microbial electrolytic carbon capture, MECC; in microbial carbon capture, MCC), and via microalgal cultivation. Sludge-to-biochar and CW systems showed a high cost-effectiveness in the capture of CO2, while MES, MECC, MCC technologies, and microalgal cultivation offered efficient capture of CO2 with associate production of value-added by-products. At the state-of-the-art, these technologies, utilized for carbon capture and utilization from wastewater, require more research for further configuration, development and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the integration of these technologies has a potential internal rate of return (IRR) that could equate the operation or provide additional revenue to wastewater management. In the context of circular economy, these carbon capture technologies will pave the way for new sustainable concepts of WWTPs, as an essential element for the mitigation of climate change fostering the transition to a decarbonised economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekich R Pahunang
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Relevant Hazards (Centro Universitario per la Previsione e Prevenzione Grandi Rischi, C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Senatore
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Oliva
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Mariam Ouda
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tiziano Zarra
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Raul Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Sebastià Puig
- LEQUiA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Florencio C Ballesteros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Chi-Wang Li
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Leong YK, Huang CY, Chang JS. Pollution prevention and waste phycoremediation by algal-based wastewater treatment technologies: The applications of high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) and algal turf scrubber (ATS). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113193. [PMID: 34237671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the escalating human population growth and rapid urbanization, the tremendous amount of urban and industrial waste released leads to a series of critical issues such as health issues, climate change, water crisis, and pollution problems. With the advantages of a favorable carbon life cycle, high photosynthetic efficiencies, and being adaptive to harsh environments, algae have attracted attention as an excellent agent for pollution prevention and waste phycoremediation. Following the concept of circular economy and biorefinery for sustainable production and waste minimization, this review discusses the role of four different algal-based wastewater treatment technologies, including high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs), HRAP-absorption column (HRAP-AC), hybrid algal biofilm-enhanced raceway pond (HABERP) and algal turf scrubber (ATS) in waste management and resource recovery. In addition to the nutrient removal mechanisms and operation parameters, recent advances and developments have been discussed for each technology, including (1) Innovative operation strategies and treatment of emerging contaminants (ECs) employing HRAPs, (2) Biogas upgrading utilizing HRAP-AC system and approaches of O2 minimization in biomethane, (3) Operation of different HABERP systems, (4) Life-cycle and cost analysis of HRAPs-based wastewater treatment system, and (5) Value-upgrading for harvested algal biomass and life-cycle cost analysis of ATS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Influence of Leachate and Nitrifying Bacteria on Photosynthetic Biogas Upgrading in a Two-Stage System. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic biogas upgrading using two-stage systems allows the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) in an absorption unit and its subsequent assimilation by microalgae. The production of microalgae requires large amounts of nutrients, thus making scale-up difficult and reducing economic feasibility. The photosynthetic process produces oxygen (O2) (1 mol per mol of CO2 consumed), which can be desorbed into purified biogas. Two-stage systems reduce its impact but do not eliminate it. In this study, we test the use of landfill leachate as a nutrient source and propose a viable and economical strategy for reducing the O2 concentration. First, the liquid/gas (L/G) ratio and flow mode of the absorber were optimized for 20% and 40% CO2 with COMBO medium, then landfill leachate was used as a nutrient source. Finally, the system was inoculated with nitrifying bacteria. Leachate was found to be suitable as a nutrient source and to result in a significant improvement in CO2 absorption, with outlet concentrations of 0.01% and 0.6% for 20% and 40% CO2, respectively, being obtained. The use of nitrifying bacteria allowed a reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, although it also resulted in a lower pH, thus making CO2 uptake slightly more difficult.
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Ángeles R, Vega-Quiel MJ, Batista A, Fernández-Ramos O, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Influence of biogas supply regime on photosynthetic biogas upgrading performance in an enclosed algal-bacterial photobioreactor. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Senatore V, Buonerba A, Zarra T, Oliva G, Belgiorno V, Boguniewicz-Zablocka J, Naddeo V. Innovative membrane photobioreactor for sustainable CO 2 capture and utilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129682. [PMID: 33515958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rising of greenhouse-gas emissions (GHG), during the last 200 years, is associated to the well known global warming phenomena. One of the main sources of CO2-equivalent GHGs emissions are the environmental protection plants accounting for 1.57% of the global emissions and thus sustainable and effective technologies for their mitigation are strongly needed. The current paper presents and discusses the assessment of an innovative membrane photo-bioreactor (MPBR) whose aim was the promotion of CO2 capture from conveyed flows, such as those from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfill and composting plants, for production and energy valorisation of algal biomass. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae strain was selected as photosynthetic platform for the abovementioned purposes. The influence of various operating parameters has been explored, including the photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) (60 and 120 μmol m-2 s-1), liquid/gas ratio (L/G = 5, 10 or 15) and CO2 concentration (5, 10 and 15%) in order to investigated their effects on carbon capture effectiveness and biomass production. The results demonstrated that the increasing of PPFD significantly enhanced the biomass production in terms of biomass productivity (P) and total dry weight (DW). The highest biomass concentration of 1.01 g L-1 was achieved at PPFD of 120 μmol m-2 s-1 with a L/G of 15. Under the aforementioned conditions, carbon dioxide removal efficiency (RE) reached values up to 80%. In addition, the novel MPBR equipped with an innovative self-forming dynamic membrane (SFDM) showed a simultaneous biomass harvesting rate of 41 g m-2 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Senatore
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Relevant Hazards (Centro Universitario per La Previsione e Prevenzione Grandi Rischi, C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Zarra
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Relevant Hazards (Centro Universitario per La Previsione e Prevenzione Grandi Rischi, C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Oliva
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka
- Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14082282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large energy demand. Additionally, fossil fuel’s combustion for energy production causes the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants. Therefore, there is a strong need to find alternative green approaches for wastewater treatment and energy production. Microalgae biorefineries could represent an effective strategy to mitigate the above problems. Microalgae biorefineries are a sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment processes, as they potentially allow wastewater to be treated at lower costs and with lower energy consumption. Furthermore, they provide an effective means to recover valuable compounds for biofuel production or other applications. This review focuses on the current scenario and future prospects of microalgae biorefineries aimed at combining wastewater treatment with biofuel production. First, the different microalgal cultivation systems are examined, and their main characteristics and limitations are discussed. Then, the technologies available for converting the biomass produced during wastewater treatment into biofuel are critically analyzed. Finally, current challenges and research directions for biofuel production and wastewater treatment through this approach are outlined.
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12
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Marín D, Carmona-Martínez AA, Blanco S, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Innovative operational strategies in photosynthetic biogas upgrading in an outdoors pilot scale algal-bacterial photobioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128470. [PMID: 33022506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three innovative operational strategies were successfully evaluated to improve the quality of biomethane in an outdoors pilot scale photobioreactor interconnected to an external absorption unit: i) the use of a greenhouse during winter conditions, ii) a direct CO2 stripping in the photobioreactor via air stripping during winter conditions and iii) the use of digestate as make-up water during summer conditions. CO2 concentrations in the biomethane ranged from 0.4% to 6.1% using the greenhouse, from 0.3% to 2.6% when air was injected in the photobioreactor and from 0.4% to 0.9% using digestate as make up water. H2S was completely removed under all strategies tested. On the other hand, CH4 concentrations in biomethane ranged from 89.5% to 98.2%, from 93.0% to 98.2% and from 96.3% to 97.9%, when implementing strategies i), ii) and iii), respectively. The greenhouse was capable of maintaining microalgae productivities of 7.5 g m-2 d-1 during continental weather conditions, while mechanical CO2 stripping increased the pH in order to support an effective CO2 and H2S removal. Finally, the high evaporation rates during summer conditions allowed maintaining high inorganic carbon concentrations in the cultivation broth using centrate, which provided a cost-effective biogas upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marín
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, Boulevard Centroamérica, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Alessandro A Carmona-Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saúl Blanco
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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13
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Scarponi P, Volpi Ghirardini AM, Bravi M, Cavinato C. Evaluation of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus growth on pretreated organic solid waste digestate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 119:235-241. [PMID: 33075620 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this research Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris growth was tested on digestate sludge obtained from the anaerobic co-digestion treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) together with waste activated sludge (WAS). Digestate was diluted 1:10 and tested in three batch experimental conditions: with no pre-treatments (noPT), after centrifugation (AC) and after filtration (AUF), in order to evaluate microalgae limiting growth factors. The best growth was obtained by C. vulgaris on digestate AC compared to S. obliquus, reaching 479 ± 31 cell million ml-1 and 131 ± 12 cell million ml-1 respectively. Ammonia removal evaluated in C. vulgaris and S. obliquus cultures was 99.2% ± 0.3 and 98.146% ± 0.008 in AC condition, respectively. Considering that AUF showed similar microalgae growth values, the digestate pretreatment for microalgae growth, could be limited to centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Scarponi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - A M Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - M Bravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - C Cavinato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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14
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Xu M, Xue Z, Sun S, Zhao C, Liu J, Liu J, Zhao Y. Co-culturing microalgae with endophytic bacteria increases nutrient removal efficiency for biogas purification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123766. [PMID: 32645575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria were isolated from Chlorella vulgaris and co-cultured with its host microalgae to determine whether this symbiotic system is suitable for purifying biogas and biogas slurry. Results showed that endophytic bacteria S395-1 and S395-2 belonged to different genera. Both strains promoted microalgae growth while improving photosynthetic performance, carbonic anhydrase activity, nutrient removal efficiency, and CO2 fixation. The optimal bacteria (S395-2)-to-microalgae ratio and co-culture duration were 10:1 and 7 days. Under this condition, the growth rate and carbonic anhydrase activity were 0.196 ± 0.06 d-1 and 31.24 ± 0.28 EU/cell, respectively. The symbiotic system had removal efficiencies of 88.29 ± 5.03%, 88.31 ± 4.29%, 88.21 ± 4.51%, and 68.13 ± 1.69% for chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, phosphorus, and CO2, respectively. These results will provide a framework for constructing a microalgal-bacterial consortium that can improve wastewater treatment and enhance biogas quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Xue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- Nanhu College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Chunzhi Zhao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200235, PR China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
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15
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The Effect of Chemical Sulfide Oxidation on the Oxygenic Activity of an Alkaliphilic Microalgae Consortium Deployed for Biogas Upgrading. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The oxygenic photosynthetic activity (OPA) of an alkaliphilic microalgae consortium was evaluated at different concentrations of dissolved sulfide under room temperature and well-defined conditions of irradiance and pH in a tubular closed photobioreactor. The kinetic assays showed that it was optimal at a sulfide concentration of 3.2 mg/L under an external photosynthetically active radiation of 50 and 120 μE/m2 s together with a pH of 8.5 and 9.2. In contrast, the oxygenic photosynthetic activity was insignificant at 15 μE/m2 s with a pH of 7.3, both in the absence and presence of sulfide. Consecutive pulse additions of dissolved sulfide evidenced that the accumulation rate of dissolved oxygen was decreased by the spontaneous chemical oxidation of sulfide with dissolved oxygen in alkaline culture media, mainly at high sulfide levels. At 3.2 mg/L of sulfide, the oxygenic photosynthetic activity was improved by around 60% compared to the treatment without sulfide at external irradiances of 120 μE/m2 s, 30 °C, and pH of 8.5 and 9.2. Additionally, an even higher OPA enhancement (around 85%) was observed in the same previous conditions but using 16 mg/L of sulfide. Thiosulfate was the major end-product of sulfide by oxic chemical reaction, both in biotic and abiotic assays with yields of 0.80 and 0.68, respectively.
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16
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Estrada-Graf A, Hernández S, Morales M. Biomitigation of CO 2 from flue gas by Scenedesmus obtusiusculus AT-UAM using a hybrid photobioreactor coupled to a biomass recovery stage by electro-coagulation-flotation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28561-28574. [PMID: 32130637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Scenedesmus obtusiusculus AT-UAM efficiently captured CO2 from two flue gas streams in a hybrid photobioreactor located in a greenhouse. Uptake rates of CO2, NO, and SO2 from a formulated gas stream were 160.7 mg L-1 day-1, 0.73 mg L-1 day-1, and 1.56 mg L-1 day-1, respectively, with removal efficiencies of 100% for all gases. Exhaust gases of a motor generator were also removed with uptake rates of 111.4 mg L-1 day-1, 0.42 mg L-1 day-1, and 0.98 mg L-1 day-1, obtaining removal efficiencies of 77%, 71%, and 53% for CO2, NOx, and SO2, respectively. On average, 61% of the CO2 from both flue gas streams was assimilated as microalgal biomass. The maximum CO2 uptake rate of 182 mg L-1 day-1 was achieved for formulated flue gas flow rate above 100 mL min-1. The biomass recovery of 88% was achieved using a 20-L electro-coagulation-flotation chamber coupled to a settler with a low specific power consumption of 0.27 kWh kg-1. The photobioreactor was operated for almost 7 months without contamination of invasive species or a decrease in the activity. It is a very encouraging result for long-term operation in flue gas treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Estrada-Graf
- Maestría en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Morales
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico.
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17
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Rodero MDR, Carvajal A, Arbib Z, Lara E, de Prada C, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Performance evaluation of a control strategy for photosynthetic biogas upgrading in a semi-industrial scale photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123207. [PMID: 32229410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The validation of a control strategy for biogas upgrading via light-driven CO2 consumption by microalgae and H2S oxidation by oxidizing bacteria using the oxygen photosynthetically generated was performed in a semi-industrial scale (9.6 m3) photobioreactor. The control system was able to support CO2 concentrations lower than 2% with O2 contents ≤ 1% regardless of the pH in the cultivation broth (ranging from 9.05 to 9.50). Moreover, the control system was efficient to cope with variations in biogas flowrate from 143 to 420 L h-1, resulting in a biomethane composition of CO2 < 2.4%, CH4 > 95.5%, O2 < 1% and no H2S. Despite the poor robustness of this technology against failures in biogas and liquid supply (CH4 concentration of 67.5 and 70.9% after 2 h of biogas or liquid stoppage, respectively), the control system was capable of restoring biomethane quality in less than 2 h when biogas or liquid supply was resumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rosario Rodero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andrea Carvajal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España, 1680 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Zouhayr Arbib
- FCC Servicios Ciudadanos, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 40, edificio 3, 4ª planta, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lara
- FCC Servicios Ciudadanos, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 40, edificio 3, 4ª planta, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - César de Prada
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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18
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Bose A, Lin R, Rajendran K, O'Shea R, Xia A, Murphy JD. How to optimise photosynthetic biogas upgrading: a perspective on system design and microalgae selection. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Dhaouefi Z, Toledo-Cervantes A, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L, Muñoz R. Decolorization and phytotoxicity reduction in an innovative anaerobic/aerobic photobioreactor treating textile wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:356-364. [PMID: 31228837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential of a novel anaerobic/aerobic algal-bacterial photobioreactor for the treatment of synthetic textile wastewater (STWW) was here assessed. Algal-bacterial symbiosis supported total organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal efficiencies of 78 ± 2%, 47 ± 2% and 26 ± 2%, respectively, at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 days. A decrease in the HRT from 8 to 4 and 2 days resulted in a slight decrease in organic carbon and phosphate removal, but a sharp decrease in nitrogen removal. Moreover, an efficient decolorization of 99 ± 1% and 96 ± 3% for disperse orange-3 and of disperse blue-1, respectively, was recorded. The effective STWW treatment supported by the anaerobic/aerobic algal-bacterial photobioreactor was confirmed by the reduction in wastewater toxicity towards Raphanus sativus seed germination and growth. These results highlighted the potential of this innovative algal-bacterial photobioreactor configuration for the treatment of textile wastewater and water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineb Dhaouefi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina S/n., Valladolid, 47011, Spain; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia; Université de Monastir, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Unité de Recherche des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Alma Toledo-Cervantes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán 1451, C.P., 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Université de Monastir, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Unité de Recherche des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Université de Monastir, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Unité de Recherche des Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie UR17ES49, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina S/n., Valladolid, 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina S/n., Universidad de Valladolid, Spain.
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20
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Omar B, El-Gammal M, Abou-Shanab R, Fotidis IA, Angelidaki I, Zhang Y. Biogas upgrading and biochemical production from gas fermentation: Impact of microbial community and gas composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121413. [PMID: 31078978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study proposes a novel alternative method of the current biogas upgrading techniques by converting CO2 (in the biogas) into valuable chemicals (e.g., volatile fatty acids) using H2 as energy source and acetogenic mixed culture as biocatalyst. The influence of thermal treatment (90 °C) on the inhibition of the methanogenic archaea and enriching the acetogenic bacteria in different inocula (mesophilic and thermophilic) was initially tested. The most efficient inoculum that achieved the highest performance through the fermentation process was further used to define the optimum H2/CO2 gas ratio that secures maximum production yield of chemicals and maximum biogas upgrading efficiency. In addition, 16S rRNA analysis of the microbial community was conducted at the end of the experimental period to target functional microbes. The maximum biogas content (77% (v/v)) and acetate yield (72%) were achieved for 2H2:1CO2 ratio (v/v), with Moorella sp. 4 as the most dominant thermophilic acetogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Omar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34517 Damietta, Egypt
| | - Maie El-Gammal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34517 Damietta, Egypt
| | - Reda Abou-Shanab
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ioannis A Fotidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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21
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Hossain N, Mahlia TMI. Progress in physicochemical parameters of microalgae cultivation for biofuel production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:835-859. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1624945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hossain
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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22
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Marín D, Ortíz A, Díez-Montero R, Uggetti E, García J, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Influence of liquid-to-biogas ratio and alkalinity on the biogas upgrading performance in a demo scale algal-bacterial photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:112-117. [PMID: 30763863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the liquid-to-biogas ratio (L/G) and alkalinity on methane quality was evaluated in a 11.7 m3 outdoors horizontal semi-closed tubular photobioreactor interconnected to a 45-L absorption column (AC). CO2 concentrations in the upgraded methane ranged from <0.1 to 9.6% at L/G of 2.0 and 0.5, respectively, with maximum CH4 concentrations of 89.7% at a L/G of 1.0. Moreover, an enhanced CO2 removal (mediating a decrease in CO2 concentration from 9.6 to 1.2%) and therefore higher CH4 contents (increasing from 88.0 to 93.2%) were observed when increasing the alkalinity of the AC cultivation broth from 42 ± 1 mg L-1 to 996 ± 42 mg L-1. H2S was completely removed regardless of the L/G or the alkalinity in AC. The continuous operation of the photobioreactor with optimized operating parameters resulted in contents of CO2 (<0.1%-1.4%), H2S (<0.7 mg m-3) and CH4 (94.1%-98.8%) complying with international regulations for methane injection into natural gas grids.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marín
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, Boulevard Centroamérica, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Antonio Ortíz
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona E-08034, Spain
| | - Rubén Díez-Montero
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona E-08034, Spain
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona E-08034, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona E-08034, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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23
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Rodero MDR, Lebrero R, Serrano E, Lara E, Arbib Z, García-Encina PA, Muñoz R. Technology validation of photosynthetic biogas upgrading in a semi-industrial scale algal-bacterial photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:43-49. [PMID: 30710819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The performance of photosynthetic biogas upgrading coupled to wastewater treatment was evaluated in an outdoors high rate algal pond (HRAP) interconnected to an absorption column at semi-industrial scale. The influence of biogas flowrate (274, 370 and 459 L h-1), liquid to biogas ratio (L/G = 1.2, 2.1 and 3.5), type of wastewater (domestic versus centrate) and hydraulic retention time in the HRAP (HRT) on the quality of the biomethane produced was assessed. The highest CO2 and H2S removal efficiencies (REs) were recorded at the largest L/G due to the higher biogas-liquid mass transfer at increasing liquid flowrates. No significant influence of the biogas flowrate on process performance was observed, while the type of wastewater was identified as a key operational parameter. CO2 and H2S-REs of 99% and 100% at a L/Gmax = 3.5 were recorded using centrate. The maximum CH4 content in the biomethane (90%) was limited by N2 and O2 desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rosario Rodero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Esteban Serrano
- FCC Servicios Ciudadanos, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 40, edificio 3, 4ª planta, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lara
- FCC Servicios Ciudadanos, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 40, edificio 3, 4ª planta, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zouhayr Arbib
- FCC Servicios Ciudadanos, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 40, edificio 3, 4ª planta, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A García-Encina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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24
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Toledo-Cervantes A, Morales T, González Á, Muñoz R, Lebrero R. Long-term photosynthetic CO 2 removal from biogas and flue-gas: Exploring the potential of closed photobioreactors for high-value biomass production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1272-1278. [PMID: 30021292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-term performance of a tubular photobioreactor interconnected to a gas absorption column for the abatement of CO2 from biogas and flue-gas was investigated. Additionally, a novel nitrogen feast-famine regime was implemented during the flue-gas feeding stage in order to promote the continuous storage of highly-energetic compounds. Results showed effective CO2 (~98%) and H2S (~99%) removals from synthetic biogas, supported by the high photosynthetic activity of microalgae which resulted in an alkaline pH (~10). In addition, CO2 removals of 99 and 91% were observed during the flue-gas operation depending on the nutrients source: mineral salt medium and digestate, respectively. A biomass productivity of ~8 g m-2 d-1 was obtained during both stages, with a complete nitrogen and carbon recovery from the cultivation broth. Moreover, the strategy of feeding nutrients during the dark period promoted the continuous accumulation of carbohydrates, their concentration increasing from 22% under normal nutrition up to 37% during the feast-famine cycle. This represents a productivity of ~3 g-carbohydrates m-2 d-1, which can be further valorized to contribute to the economic sustainability of the photosynthetic CO2 removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Toledo-Cervantes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán 1451, C.P. 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Tamara Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain.
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25
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Cea‐Barcia G, López‐Caamal F, Torres‐Zúñiga I, Hernández‐Escoto H. Biogas purification via optimal microalgae growth: A literature review. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1513-1532. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Cea‐Barcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales., División de Ciencias de la Vida del campus Irapuato‐SalamancaUniversidad de Guanajuato Irapuato Mexico
| | - Fernando López‐Caamal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas del campus Guanajuato.Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Ixbalank Torres‐Zúñiga
- C. A. Telemática, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica., División de Ingenierías del campus Irapuato‐SalamancaUniversidad de Guanajuato Salamanca Mexico
| | - Héctor Hernández‐Escoto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas del campus Guanajuato.Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato Mexico
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26
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Marín D, Posadas E, Cano P, Pérez V, Blanco S, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Seasonal variation of biogas upgrading coupled with digestate treatment in an outdoors pilot scale algal-bacterial photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:58-66. [PMID: 29730519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The yearly variations of the quality of the upgraded biogas and the efficiency of digestate treatment were evaluated in an outdoors pilot scale high rate algal pond (HRAP) interconnected to an external absorption column (AC) via a conical settler. CO2 concentrations in the upgraded biogas ranged from 0.7% in August to 11.9% in December, while a complete H2S removal was achieved regardless of the operational month. CH4 concentrations ranged from 85.2% in December to 97.9% in June, with a limited O2 and N2 stripping in the upgraded biogas mediated by the low recycling liquid/biogas ratio in the AC. Biomass productivity ranged from 0.0 g m-2 d-1 in winter to 22.5 g m-2 d-1 in summer. Finally, microalgae diversity was severely reduced throughout the year likely due to the increasing salinity in the cultivation broth of the HRAP induced by process operation in the absence of effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marín
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, Boulevard Centroamérica, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Esther Posadas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Patricia Cano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Victor Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saúl Blanco
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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Rodero MDR, Posadas E, Toledo-Cervantes A, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Influence of alkalinity and temperature on photosynthetic biogas upgrading efficiency in high rate algal ponds. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Marín D, Posadas E, Cano P, Pérez V, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Influence of the seasonal variation of environmental conditions on biogas upgrading in an outdoors pilot scale high rate algal pond. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 255:354-358. [PMID: 29429641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the daily and seasonal variations of environmental conditions on the quality of the upgraded biogas was evaluated in an outdoors pilot scale high rate algal pond (HRAP) interconnected to an external absorption column (AC) via a conical settler. The high alkalinity in the cultivation broth resulted in a constant biomethane composition during the day regardless of the monitored month, while the high algal-bacterial activity during spring and summer boosted a superior biomethane quality. CO2 concentrations in the upgraded biogas ranged from 0.1% in May to 11.6% in December, while a complete H2S removal was always achieved regardless of the month. A limited N2 and O2 stripping from the scrubbing cultivation broth was recorded in the upgraded biogas at a recycling liquid/biogas ratio in the AC of 1. Finally, CH4 concentration in the upgraded biogas ranged from 85.6% in December to 99.6% in August.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marín
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, Boulevard Centroamérica, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Esther Posadas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Patricia Cano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineerings, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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29
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Biogas upgrading and utilization: Current status and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:452-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effect of long-term fertilization strategies on bacterial community composition in a 35-year field experiment of Chinese Mollisols. AMB Express 2018; 8:20. [PMID: 29442257 PMCID: PMC5811423 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria play vital roles in soil biological fertility; however, it remains poorly understood about their response to long-term fertilization in Chinese Mollisols, especially when organic manure is substituted for inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer. To broaden our knowledge, high-throughput pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR were used to explore the impacts of inorganic fertilizer and manure on bacterial community composition in a 35-year field experiment of Chinese Mollisols. Soils were collected from four treatments: no fertilizer (CK), inorganic phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer (PK), inorganic P, K, and N fertilizer (NPK), and inorganic P and K fertilizer plus manure (MPK). All fertilization differently changed soil properties. Compared with CK, the PK and NPK treatments acidified soil by significantly decreasing soil pH from 6.48 to 5.53 and 6.16, respectively, while MPK application showed no significant differences of soil pH, indicating alleviation of soil acidification. Moreover, all fertilization significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and soybean yields, with the highest observed under MPK regime. In addition, the community composition at each taxonomic level varied considerably among the fertilization strategies. Bacterial taxa, associated with plant growth promotion, OM accumulation, disease suppression, and increased soil enzyme activity, were overrepresented in the MPK regime, while they were present at low abundant levels under NPK treatment, i.e. phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, class Alphaproteobacteria, and genera Variovorax, Chthoniobacter, Massilia, Lysobacter, Catelliglobosispora and Steroidobacter. The application of MPK shifted soil bacterial community composition towards a better status, and such shifts were primarily derived from changes in soil pH and OM.
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31
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Dhaouefi Z, Toledo-Cervantes A, García D, Bedoui A, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L, Muñoz R. Assessing textile wastewater treatment in an anoxic-aerobic photobioreactor and the potential of the treated water for irrigation. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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32
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Anbalagan A, Toledo-Cervantes A, Posadas E, Rojo EM, Lebrero R, González-Sánchez A, Nehrenheim E, Muñoz R. Continuous photosynthetic abatement of CO2 and volatile organic compounds from exhaust gas coupled to wastewater treatment: Evaluation of tubular algal-bacterial photobioreactor. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Franco-Morgado M, Alcántara C, Noyola A, Muñoz R, González-Sánchez A. A study of photosynthetic biogas upgrading based on a high rate algal pond under alkaline conditions: Influence of the illumination regime. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:419-425. [PMID: 28340452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal-bacterial processes have emerged as environmental friendly systems for the cost-effective treatment of anaerobic effluents such as biogas and nutrients-laden digestates. Environmental parameters such as temperature, irradiation, nutrient concentration and pH effect the performance of the systems. In this paper, the potential of a microalgal-bacterial photobioreactor operated under high pH (≈9.5) and high alkalinity to convert biogas into biomethane was evaluated. The influence of the illumination regime (continuous light supply vs 12h/12h light/dark cycles) on the synthetic biogas upgrading efficiency, biomass productivity and nutrient removal efficiency was assessed in a High-Rate Algal Pond interconnected to a biogas absorption bubble column. No significant differences in the removal efficiency of CO2 and H2S (91.5±2% and 99.5%±0.5, respectively) were recorded regardless of the illumination regime. The high fluctuations of the dissolved oxygen concentration during operation under light/dark cycles allowed to evaluate the specific growth rate and the specific partial degradation rate of the microalgae biomass by photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. The respiration reduced the net microalgae biomass productivity under light/dark cycles compared with process operation under the continuous light supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Franco-Morgado
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Alcántara
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, C/Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Adalberto Noyola
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, C/Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Armando González-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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34
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Toledo-Cervantes A, Estrada JM, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. A comparative analysis of biogas upgrading technologies: Photosynthetic vs physical/chemical processes. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Posadas E, Marín D, Blanco S, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Simultaneous biogas upgrading and centrate treatment in an outdoors pilot scale high rate algal pond. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:133-141. [PMID: 28222383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The bioconversion of biogas to biomethane coupled to centrate treatment was evaluated in an outdoors pilot scale high rate algal pond interconnected to an external CO2-H2S absorption column (AC) via settled broth recirculation. CO2-removal efficiencies ranged from 50 to 95% depending on the alkalinity of the cultivation broth and environmental conditions, while a complete H2S removal was achieved regardless of the operational conditions. A maximum CH4 concentration of 94% with a limited O2 and N2 stripping was recorded in the upgraded biogas at recycling liquid/biogas ratios in the AC of 1 and 2. Process operation at a constant biomass productivity of 15gm-2d-1 and the minimization of effluent generation supported high carbon and nutrient recoveries in the harvested biomass (C=66±8%, N=54±18%, P≈100% and S=16±3%). Finally, a low diversity in the structure of the microalgae population was promoted by the environmental and operational conditions imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Posadas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Marín
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, Boulevard Centroamérica, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Saúl Blanco
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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36
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Toledo-Cervantes A, Madrid-Chirinos C, Cantera S, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Influence of the gas-liquid flow configuration in the absorption column on photosynthetic biogas upgrading in algal-bacterial photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:336-342. [PMID: 27912182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential of an algal-bacterial system consisting of a high rate algal pond (HRAP) interconnected to an absorption column (AC) via recirculation of the cultivation broth for the upgrading of biogas and digestate was investigated. The influence of the gas-liquid flow configuration in the AC on the photosynthetic biogas upgrading process was assessed. AC operation in a co-current configuration enabled to maintain a biomass productivity of 15gm-2d-1, while during counter-current operation biomass productivity decreased to 8.7±0.5gm-2d-1 as a result of trace metal limitation. A bio-methane composition complying with most international regulatory limits for injection into natural gas grids was obtained regardless of the gas-liquid flow configuration. Furthermore, the influence of the recycling liquid to biogas flowrate (L/G) ratio on bio-methane quality was assessed under both operational configurations obtaining the best composition at an L/G ratio of 0.5 and co-current flow operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Toledo-Cervantes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Cindy Madrid-Chirinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Sara Cantera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain.
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