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Huang K, Su Z, He M, Wu Y, Wang M. Simultaneous accumulation of astaxanthin and β-carotene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by the introduction of foreign β-carotene hydroxylase gene in response to high light stress. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:321-331. [PMID: 35119571 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important photosynthetic pigments with many physiological functions, nutritional properties and high commercial value. β-carotene hydroxylase is one of the key enzymes in the carotenoid synthesis pathway of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the conversion of β-carotene to astaxanthin. The vector p64DZ containing the β-carotene hydroxylase gene crtZ from Haematococcus pluvialis was transformed into C. reinhardtii CC-503. The transformants were selected by alternate culture in solid-liquid medium containing spectinomycin (100 µg mL-1). PCR results indicated that the gene crtZ and aadA were integrated into the genome of C. reinhardtii. RT-PCR analysis showed that the gene crtZ was transcribed in Chlamydomonas transformants. HPLC analysis showed that the content of astaxanthin and β-carotene in cells of C. reinhardtii were simultaneously increased. Under medium light intensity cultivation (60 µmol m-2 s-1), transgenic C. reinhardtii had an 85.8% increase in β-carotene content compared with the wild type. The content of astaxanthin and β-carotene reached 1.97 ± 0.13 mg g-1 fresh cell weight (FCW) and 105.94 ± 5.84 µg g-1 FCW, which were increased 18% and 42.4% than the wild type after 6 h of high light treatment (200 µmol m-2 s-1), respectively. Our results indicate the regulatory effect on pigments in C. reinhardtii by β-carotene hydroxylase gene of H. pluvialis, and demonstrate the positive effect of high light stress on pigment accumulation in transgenic C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhongliang Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Mingyan He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
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Velmurugan A, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. Genetic manipulation for carotenoid production in microalgae an overview. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Wang C, Wang K, Ning J, Luo Q, Yang Y, Huang D, Li H. Transcription Factors From Haematococcus pluvialis Involved in the Regulation of Astaxanthin Biosynthesis Under High Light-Sodium Acetate Stress. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:650178. [PMID: 34760875 PMCID: PMC8573195 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.650178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis attracts attention for its ability to accumulate astaxanthin up to its 4% dry weight under stress conditions, such as high light, salt stress, and nitrogen starvation. Previous researches indicated that the regulation of astaxanthin synthesis might happen at the transcriptional level. However, the transcription regulatory mechanism of astaxanthin synthesis is still unknown in H. pluvialis. Lacking studies on transcription factors (TFs) further hindered from discovering this mechanism. Hence, the transcriptome analysis of H. pluvialis under the high light-sodium acetate stress for 1.5 h was performed in this study, aiming to discover TFs and the regulation on astaxanthin synthesis. In total, 83,869 unigenes were obtained and annotated based on seven databases, including NR, NT, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Orthology, SwissProt, Pfam, Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups, and Gene Ontology. Moreover, 476 TFs belonging to 52 families were annotated by blasting against the PlantTFDB database. By comparing with the control group, 4,367 differentially expressed genes composing of 2,050 upregulated unigenes and 2,317 downregulated unigenes were identified. Most of them were involved in metabolic process, catalytic activity, single-organism process, single-organism cellular process, and single-organism metabolic process. Among them, 28 upregulated TFs and 41 downregulated TFs belonging to 27 TF families were found. The transcription analysis showed that TFs had different transcription modules responding to the high light and sodium acetate stress. Interestingly, six TFs belonging to MYB, MYB_related, NF-YC, Nin-like, and C3H families were found to be involved in the transcription regulation of 27 astaxanthin synthesis-related genes according to the regulatory network. Moreover, these TFs might affect astaxanthin synthesis by directly regulating CrtO, showing that CrtO was the hub gene in astaxanthin synthesis. The present study provided new insight into a global view of TFs and their correlations to astaxanthin synthesis in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Ning
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiulan Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Déniel M, Errien N, Lagarde F, Zanella M, Caruso A. Interactions between polystyrene nanoparticles and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii monitored by infrared spectroscopy combined with molecular biology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115227. [PMID: 32721774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, use of nanoparticles (NP) on a global scale has been generating new potential sources of organism disruption. Recent studies have shown that NP can cause modifications on the biochemical macromolecular composition of microalgae and raised questions on the toxicity of plastic particles, which are widespread in the aquatic environment. Polystyrene (PS) particles are among the most widely used plastics in the world. In our experimentation, a combined approach of infrared spectroscopy and molecular biology (real-time PCR) has been applied in order to better apprehend the consequences of interactions between Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, freshwater microalgae and PS NP. Two references have been used, nitrogen deprivation -a well-documented stressor-, and gold nanoparticles (Au-NP). As regards biochemical composition, our experiments show a differing microalga response, according to the NP to which they have been exposed. Results with infrared spectroscopy and gene expression methods are consistent and illustrate variation among several carbohydrates (galactose…). Furthermore, PS-NP seem to react in the same direction as nitrogen limitation, thereby supporting the hypothesis that PS-NP can induce response mechanisms to environmental changes in microalgae. This study highlighted the interest of combining infrared spectroscopy and gene expression as means of monitoring microalgae response to nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Déniel
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
| | - Nicolas Errien
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
| | - Marie Zanella
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé, EA 2160, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
| | - Aurore Caruso
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé, EA 2160, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
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A novel salt-inducible CrGPDH3 promoter of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for transgene overexpression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3487-3499. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Identification and expression profile of an alpha-COPI homologous gene (COPA1) involved in high irradiance and salinity stress in Haematococcus pluvialis. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lao YM, Jin H, Zhou J, Zhang HJ, Cai ZH. Functional Characterization of a Missing Branch Component in Haematococcus pluvialis for Control of Algal Carotenoid Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1341. [PMID: 28824677 PMCID: PMC5539077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyclization of acyclic lycopene by cyclases marks an important regulatory point in carotenoid biosynthesis. Though some algal lycopene epsilon cyclases (LCYEs) have been predicted computationally, very few have been functionally identified. Little is known about the regulation mechanisms of algal LCYEs. Recent comparative genomic analysis suggested that Haematococcus pluvialis contained only the β type cyclase (HpLCYB). However, in this study, carotenoid profiling found trace α-carotene in the salt-treated cells, indicating the in vivo activity of HpLCYE, a missing component for α-branch carotenoids. Thus, genes coding for HpLCYB and HpLCYE were isolated and functionally complemented in Escherichia coli. Substrate specificity assays revealed an exclusive cyclization order of HpLCYE to HpLCYB for the biosynthesis of heterocyclic carotenoids. Expression pattern studies and bioinformatic analysis of promoter regions showed that both cyclases were differentially regulated by the regulatory cis-acting elements in promoters to correlate with primary and secondary carotenoid biosynthesis under environmental stresses. Characterization of the branch components in algal carotenoid biosynthesis revealed a mechanism for control of metabolic flux into α- and β-branch by the competition and cooperation between HpLCYE and HpLCYB; and supplied a promising route for molecular breeding of cyclic carotenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong M. Lao
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening and Application of Marine Microbial ResourcesGuangdong, China
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening and Application of Marine Microbial ResourcesGuangdong, China
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening and Application of Marine Microbial ResourcesGuangdong, China
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Huai J. Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhong H. Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Screening and Application of Marine Microbial ResourcesGuangdong, China
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen, China
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Wang C, Chen X, Li H, Wang J, Hu Z. Artificial miRNA inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase increases fatty acid production in a green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:91. [PMID: 28413446 PMCID: PMC5390379 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrient limitation, such as nitrogen depletion, is the most widely used method for improving microalgae fatty acid production; however, these harsh conditions also inhibit algal growth significantly and even kill cells at all. To avoid these problems, we used artificial microRNA (amiRNA) technology as a useful tool to manipulate metabolic pathways to increase fatty acid contents effectively in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We down-regulated the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate and regulates carbon flux. RESULTS amiRNAs against two CrPEPC genes were designed and transformed into Chlamydomonas cells and amiRNAs were induced by heat shock treatment. The transcription levels of amiRNAs increased 16-28 times, resulting in the remarkable decreases of the expression of CrPEPCs. In the end, inhibiting the expression of the CrPEPC genes dramatically increased the total fatty acid content in the transgenic algae by 28.7-48.6%, which mostly increased the content of C16-C22 fatty acids. Furthermore, the highest content was that of C18:3n3 with an average increase of 35.75%, while C20-C22 fatty acid content significantly increased by 85-160%. CONCLUSIONS Overall our results suggest that heat shock treatment induced the expression of amiRNAs, which can effectively down-regulate the expression of CrPEPCs in C. reinhardtii, resulting in an increase of fatty acid synthesis with the most significant increase occurring for C16 to C22 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogang Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People’s Republic of China
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