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Hou C, Cheng X, Zhang X, Zhu X, Xu J, Luo X, Wu D, Liang H. Effect of ferrous-activated calcium peroxide oxidation on forward osmosis treatment of algae-laden water: Membrane fouling mitigation and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160100. [PMID: 36370779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption way for algae-laden water treatment, whereas membrane fouling is still an unavoidable problem in its practical application. In this work, a strategy of ferrous-activated calcium peroxide (Fe(II)/CaO2) was proposed to control FO membrane fouling in the purification of algae-laden water. With the treatment of Fe(II)/CaO2, the aggregation of algal contaminants was promoted, the cell viability and integrity were well preserved, and the fluorescent organics were efficiently removed. With respect to the fouling of FO membrane, the flux decline was generally alleviated, and the flux recovery was promoted to varying degrees under different process conditions. It could be revealed through the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory that the adhesion of contaminants and membrane surfaces was reduced by Fe(II)/CaO2 treatment. The interface morphologies and functional groups of membrane verified that Fe(II)/CaO2 could mitigate the fouling by reducing the amount of algal contaminants adhering to the FO membrane. The co-coagulation of in-situ Fe(III) together with Ca(OH)2, as well as the oxidation of •OH were the main mechanisms for fouling mitigation. In sum, the Fe(II)/CaO2 process could effectively improve the efficiency of FO for algae-laden water treatment, and has broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsi Hou
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Cheng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China; Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Xuewu Zhu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Jingtao Xu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Luo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China.
| | - Daoji Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China; Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Larronde-Larretche M, Jin X. The Influence of Forward Osmosis Module Configuration on Nutrients Removal and Microalgae Harvesting in Osmotic Photobioreactor. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:892. [PMID: 36135910 PMCID: PMC9503523 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have attracted great interest recently due to their potential for nutrients removal from wastewater, renewable biodiesel production and bioactive compounds extraction. However, one major challenge in microalgal bioremediation and the algal biofuel process is the high energy cost of separating microalgae from water. Our previous studies demonstrated that forward osmosis (FO) is a promising technology for microalgae harvesting and dewatering due to its low energy consumption and easy fouling control. In the present study, two FO module configurations (side-stream and submerged) were integrated with microalgae (C. vulgaris) photobioreactor (PBR) in order to evaluate the system performance, including nutrients removal, algae harvesting efficiency and membrane fouling. After 7 days of operation, both systems showed effective nutrients removal. A total of 92.9%, 100% and 98.7% of PO4-P, NH3-N and TN were removed in the PBR integrated with the submerged FO module, and 82%, 96% and 94.8% of PO4-P, NH3-N and TN were removed in the PBR integrated with the side-stream FO module. The better nutrients removal efficiency is attributed to the greater algae biomass in the submerged FO-PBR where in situ biomass dewatering was conducted. The side-stream FO module showed more severe permeate flux loss and biomass loss (less dewatering efficiency) due to algae deposition onto the membrane. This is likely caused by the higher initial water flux associated with the side-stream FO configuration, resulting in more foulants being transported to the membrane surface. However, the side-stream FO module showed better fouling mitigation by simple hydraulic flushing than the submerged FO module, which is not convenient for conducting cleaning without interrupting the PBR operation. Taken together, our results suggest that side-stream FO configuration may provide a viable way to integrate with PBR for a microalgae-based treatment. The present work provides novel insights into the efficient operation of a FO-PBR for more sustainable wastewater treatment and effective microalgae harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Biological Engineering & Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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3
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Energy-efficient Membranes for Microalgae Dewatering: Fouling Challenges and Mitigation Strategies. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kumar N, Banerjee C, Negi S, Shukla P. Microalgae harvesting techniques: updates and recent technological interventions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:342-368. [PMID: 35168457 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass has garnered attention as a renewable and sustainable resource for producing biodiesel. The harvesting of microalgal biomass is a significant bottleneck being faced by the industries as it is the crucial cost driver in the downstream processing of biomass. Bioharvesting of microalgal biomass mediated by: microbial, animal, and plant-based polymeric flocculants has gained a higher probability of utility in accumulation due to: its higher dewatering potential, less toxicity, and ecofriendly properties. The present review summarizes the key challenges and the technological advancements associated with various such harvesting techniques. The economic and technical aspects of different microalgal harvesting techniques, particularly the cationic polymeric flocculant-based harvesting of microalgal biomass, are also discussed. Furthermore, interactions of flocculants with microalgal biomass and the effects of these interactions on metabolite and lipid extractions are discussed to offer a promising solution for suitability in selecting the most efficient and economical method of microalgal biomass harvesting for cost-effective biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwas Kumar
- Algal Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India
| | - Chiranjib Banerjee
- Algal Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Sangeeta Negi
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Molitor HR, Schaeffer AK, Schnoor JL. Sustainably Cultivating and Harvesting Microalgae through Sedimentation and Forward Osmosis Using Wastes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17362-17371. [PMID: 34278122 PMCID: PMC8280685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective nutrient sources and dewatering are major obstacles to sustainable, scaled-up cultivation of microalgae. Employing waste resources as sources of nutrients offsets costs for nutrient supplies while adding value through simultaneous waste treatment. Forward osmosis (FO), using simulated reverse osmosis brine, is a low-energy membrane technology that can be employed to efficiently harvest microalgae from a dilute solution. In this study, Scenedesmus obliquus, a green microalga, was cultivated with a fertilizer plant wastewater formula and simulated coal-fired power plant flue gas and then separated through either FO, with reverse osmosis reject model water as the draw solution, or sedimentation. Microalgal batches grown with simulated wastewater removed NH4 + within 2 days and reached nitrogen and phosphorus limitation simultaneously on Day 5. Sparging with the flue gas caused S. obliquus to produce significantly greater quantities of extracellular polymeric substances (30.7 ± 1.8 μg mL-1), which caused flocculation and enhanced settling to an advantageous extent. Five-hour FO trials showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.65) between water fluxes for cultures grown with simulated flue gas and CO2-supplemented air (3.0 ± 0.1 and 3.0 ± 0.3 LMH, respectively). Reverse salt fluxes were low for all conditions and, remarkably, the rate of reverse salt flux was -1.9 ± 0.6 gMH when the FO feed was culture grown with simulated flue gas. In this work, S. obliquus was cultivated and harvested with potential waste resources.
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Xu X, Zhang H, Gao T, Teng J. Impacts of applied voltage on forward osmosis process harvesting microalgae: Filtration behaviors and lipid extraction efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145678. [PMID: 33940758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising source of biofuels, while harvesting process is the obstacle for the further development. Herein, a treatment system that combined electrochemical process with forward osmosis (FO) membrane filtration process was developed to achieve microalgae harvesting. The conductive FO membranes were used as both electrode materials and basic separation system. With -5 V electric field being applied, 57.6% of reduction in water flux loss was observed, while microalgae recovery efficiency increased by 17.3%. The lipid content also increased to nearly 38%. Meanwhile, the inevitable reverse diffusion of solutes in the FO process and the concentration process of the microalgae solution increased the salinity of the microalgae solution, which is generally regarded as an obstacle for the application of FO. However, in the electrically-assisted FO system, it not only improved the efficiency of the electrochemical process, but also can increase the lipid content. The lipid extraction efficiency of the -5 V electric field increased from 17.7% and 28.5% to 20.4% and 31.1%, respectively, with one and two times extractions. The synergistic effect of the reverse diffusion of Cl- and electrochemical process was conducive for the improvement of the lipid extraction efficiency, and is expected to reduce the energy consumption of the lipid extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
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9
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Zhou H, Ji CC, Li JQ, Hu YX, Xu XH, An Y, Cheng LH. Understanding the interaction mechanism of algal cells and soluble algal products foulants in forward osmosis dewatering. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Purnima M, Arul Manikandan N, Pakshirajan K, Pugazhenthi G. Recovery of microalgae from its broth solution using kaolin based tubular ceramic membranes prepared with different binders. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Nutrient-driven forward osmosis coupled with microalgae cultivation for energy efficient dewatering of microalgae. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Ma C, Huang J, Wang L, Zhao B, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Microalgae dewatering using a hybrid dead-end/cross-flow forward osmosis system: Influence of microalgae properties, draw solution properties, and hydraulic conditions. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Soydemir G, Gurol MD, Hocaoğlu SM, Karagündüz A. Fouling mechanisms of membrane filtration of mixed microalgal biomass grown in wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:2127-2139. [PMID: 32701491 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling mechanisms of the filtration of a mixed-culture microalgal biomass grown in real wastewater were investigated using crossflow filtration experiments. The results of flux measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses for three membranes, two microfiltration (PES01 and PES003) and one ultrafiltration (UC030), showed that the UC030 membrane may be more appropriate for microalgae harvesting due to its higher steady flux rate and lower flux reduction during filtration compared to the initial flux (44% for UC030, compared to 86% for PES01 and 79% for PES003). It was also observed that the membrane resistance due to concentration polarization was the dominant membrane resistance in this study for all three membranes, constituting about 67%, 61% and 51% for PES01, PES003, and UC030, respectively. The next largest membrane resistance was provided by pore blocking, while the resistance provided by cake formation was found to be very small for all membranes (3%, 15% and 18% for PES01, PES003 and UC030, respectively), which were also supported by SEM and AFM analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülfem Soydemir
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Mirat D Gurol
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, TR-41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Selda Murat Hocaoğlu
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Ahmet Karagündüz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, TR-41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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14
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Chlorella vulgaris broth harvesting via standalone forward osmosis using seawater draw solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Jiang W, Lin L, Gedara SMH, Schaub TM, Jarvis JM, Wang X, Xu X, Nirmalakhandan N, Xu P. Potable-quality water recovery from primary effluent through a coupled algal-osmosis membrane system. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124883. [PMID: 31726606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A coupled algal-osmosis membrane treatment system was studied for recovering potable-quality water from municipal primary effluent. The core components of the system included a mixotrophic algal process for removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nutrients, followed by a hybrid forward osmosis (FO)-reverse osmosis (RO) system for separation of biomass from the algal effluent and production of potable-quality water. Field experiments demonstrated consistent performance of the algal system to meet surface discharge standards for BOD and nutrients within a fed-batch processing time of 2-3 days. The hybrid FO-RO system reached water productivity of 1.57 L/m2-h in FO using seawater as draw solution; and permeate flux of 3.50 L/m2-h in brackish water RO (BWRO) and 2.07 L/m2-h in seawater RO (SWRO) at 2068 KPa. The coupled algal-membrane system achieved complete removal of ammonia, fluoride, and phosphate; over 90% removal of calcium, sulfate, and organic carbon; and 86-89% removal of potassium and magnesium. Broadband characterization using high resolution mass spectrometry revealed extensive removal of organic compounds, particularly wastewater surfactants upon algal treatment. This study demonstrated long-term performance of the FO system at water recovery of 90% and with membrane cleaning by NaOH solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Jiang
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - S M Henkanatte Gedara
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Tanner M Schaub
- Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation Laboratory, New Mexico State University, 945 College Avenue, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Jarvis
- Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation Laboratory, New Mexico State University, 945 College Avenue, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuesong Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Nagamany Nirmalakhandan
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, 3035 S Espina Street, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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Kumar R, Ghosh AK, Pal P. Synergy of biofuel production with waste remediation along with value-added co-products recovery through microalgae cultivation: A review of membrane-integrated green approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134169. [PMID: 31505365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of advanced biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel from renewable resources is critical for the earth's sustainable management and to slow down the global climate change by partial replacement of gasoline and diesel in the transport sector. Being a diverse group of aquatic micro-organisms, algae are the most prominent resources on the planet, distributed in an aquatic system, a potential source of bioenergy, biomass and secondary metabolites. Microalgae-based biofuel production is widely accepted as non-food fuel sources and better choice for achieving goals of incorporation of a clean fuel source into the transportation sector. The present review article provides a comprehensive literature survey as well as a novel approach on the application of microalgae for their simultaneous cultivation and bioremediation of high nutrient containing wastewater. In addition to that, merits and demerits of different existing conventional techniques for microalgae culture reactors, harvesting of algal biomass, oil recovery, use of different catalysts for transesterification reactions and other by-products recovery have been discussed and compared with the membrane-based system to find out the best optimal conditions for higher biomass as well as lipid yield. This article also deals with the use of a tailor-made membrane in an appropriate module that can be used in upstream and downstream processes during algal-based biofuels production. Such membrane-integrated system has the potential of low-cost and eco-friendly separation, purification and concentration enrichment of biodiesel as well as other valuable algal by-products which can bring the high degree of process intensification for scale-up at the industrial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, India.
| | - Alak Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, India
| | - Parimal Pal
- Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur 713209, India
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Onyshchenko E, Blandin G, Comas J, Dvoretsky A. Influence of microalgae wastewater treatment culturing conditions on forward osmosis concentration process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1234-1245. [PMID: 30414024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis is envisioned as a technology for microalgae concentration but fouling propensity during dewatering is currently a limiting factor that requires better understanding. The purpose of this study is to define the impact of microalgae culturing conditions on the downstream forward osmosis (FO) separation process-water recovery and microalgae harvesting. Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in an outdoor lab-scale reactor fed with synthetic wastewater mimicking primary settled municipal influent under changing environmental conditions (temperature, solar radiation, nutrient balance) with varying hydraulic retention time. High efficiency of nutrient removal was achieved under all tested conditions but microalgae autoflocculation and lower rate of pollutant removal were observed with batches where culturing temperature (6.5-21 °C), solar irradiation rate (181 W/m2), and nitrogen/phosphorous ratio (2.9) were below the optimal range. Regarding FO concentration, high initial water fluxes (in the range of 18.2 to 19.5 L·m2·h-1) and water extraction rate (60.1-83.9%) were observed in all subsequent FO concentration tests. Significant membrane fouling (microalgae deposition on surface) associated with poor biomass recovery from the FO cell was found to be dependent on exopolymeric substance accumulation, which was a response to non-optimal environmental culturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Onyshchenko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture and Water Bioresources, Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Gaetan Blandin
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Comas
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Anatoly Dvoretsky
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture and Water Bioresources, Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine
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Wibisono Y, Agung Nugroho W, Akbar Devianto L, Adi Sulianto A, Roil Bilad M. Microalgae in Food-Energy-Water Nexus: A Review on Progress of Forward Osmosis Applications. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9120166. [PMID: 31817329 PMCID: PMC6950520 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9120166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays the world is facing vulnerability problems related to food, energy and water demands. The challenges in those subsystems are intertwined and thus require inter-discipline approaches to address them. Bioresources offer promising solutions of the dilemma. Microalgae biomass is expected to become a superfood and a favorable energy feedstock and assist in supplying clean water and treat wastewater. Efficient mass production of microalgae, both during upstream and downstream processes, is thus a key process for providing high quality and affordable microalgae biomass. This paper covers recent progress in microalgae harvesting and dewatering by using osmotic driven membrane process, i.e., forward osmosis. Critical factors during forward osmosis process for microalgae harvesting and dewatering are discussed. Finally, perspective on further research directions and implementation scenarios of the forward osmosis are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Wibisono
- Bioprocess Enginering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Luhur Akbar Devianto
- Environmental Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia; (L.A.D.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Akhmad Adi Sulianto
- Environmental Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia; (L.A.D.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia;
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Zhang M, Yao L, Maleki E, Liao BQ, Lin H. Membrane technologies for microalgal cultivation and dewatering: Recent progress and challenges. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Volpin F, Yu H, Cho J, Lee C, Phuntsho S, Ghaffour N, Vrouwenvelder JS, Shon HK. Human urine as a forward osmosis draw solution for the application of microalgae dewatering. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120724. [PMID: 31326765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human urine is a unique solution that has the right composition to constitute both a severe environmental threat and a rich source of nitrogen and phosphorous. In fact, between 4-9% of urine mass consists of ions, such as K+, Cl-, Na+ or NH4+. Because of its high ionic strength, urine osmotic pressure can reach values of up to 2000 kPa. With this in mind, this work aimed to study the effectiveness of real urine as a novel draw solution for forward osmosis. Water flux, reverse nitrogen flux and membrane fouling were investigated using fresh or hydrolysed urine. Water flux as high as 16.7 ± 1.1 L m-2 h-1 was recorded using real hydrolysed urine. Additionally, no support layer membrane fouling was noticed in over 20 h of experimentation. Urine was also employed to dewater a Chlorella vulgaris culture. A fourfold increase in algal concentration was achieved while having an average flux of 14.1 L m-2 h-1. During the algae dewatering, a flux decrease of about 19% was noticed; this was mainly due to a thin layer of algal deposition on the active side of the membrane. Overall, human urine was found to be an effective draw solution for forward osmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Volpin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hyeonjung Yu
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeweon Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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21
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Liu Q, Demirel E, Chen Y, Gong T, Zhang X, Chen Y. Improving antifouling performance for the harvesting of
Scenedesmus acuminatus
using Fe
2
O
3
nanoparticles incorporated PVC nanocomposite membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Liu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and BiofuelsInstitute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Elif Demirel
- Department of Chemical EngineeringEskisehir Technical University Eskisehir 26555 Turkey
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and BiofuelsInstitute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ting Gong
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and BiofuelsInstitute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and BiofuelsInstitute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and BiofuelsInstitute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA
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22
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Artifon V, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Fillmann G. Aquatic organic matter: Classification and interaction with organic microcontaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1620-1635. [PMID: 30308930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) in aquatic system is originated from autochthonous and allochthonous natural sources as well as anthropogenic inputs, and can be found in dissolved, particulate or colloidal form. According to the type/composition, OM can be divided in non-humic substances (NHS) or humic substances (HS). The present review focuses on the main groups that constitute the NHS (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and lignin) and their role as chemical biomarkers, as well as the main characteristics of HS are presented. HS functions, properties and mechanisms are discussed, in addition to their association to the fate, bioavailability, and toxicity of organic microcontaminants in the aquatic systems. Despite the growing diversity and potential impacts of organic microcontaminants to the aquatic environment, limited information is available about their association with OM. A protective effect is, however, normally seen since the presence of OM (HS mainly) may reduce bioavailability and, consequently, the concentration of organic microcontaminants within the organism. It may also affect the toxicity by either absorbing ultraviolet radiation incidence and, then, reducing the formation of phototoxic compounds, or by increasing the oxygen reactive species and, thus, affecting the decomposition of natural and anthropogenic organic compounds. In addition, the outcome data is hard to compare since each study follows unique experimental protocols. The often use of commercial humic acid (Aldrich) as a generic source of OM in studies can also hinder comparisons since differences in composition makes this type of OM not representative of any aquatic environment. Thus, the current challenge is find out how this clear fragmentation can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Artifon
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-550, PE, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Blandin G, Rodriguez-Roda I, Comas J. Submerged Osmotic Processes: Design and Operation to Mitigate Mass Transfer Limitations. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:membranes8030072. [PMID: 30200413 PMCID: PMC6161285 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Submerged forward osmosis (FO) is of high interest for bioreactors, such as osmotic membrane bioreactor, microalgae photobioreactor, food or bioproduct concentration where pumping through pressurized modules is a limitation due to viscosity or breakage of fragile components. However, so far, most FO efforts have been put towards cross flow configurations. This study provides, for the first time, insights on mass transfer limitations in the operation of submerged osmotic systems and offer recommendations for optimized design and operation. It is demonstrated that operation of the submerged plate and frame FO module requires draw circulation in the vacuum mode (vacuum assisted osmosis) that is in favor of the permeation flux. However, high pressure drops and dead zones occurring in classical U-shape FO draw channel strongly disadvantage this design; straight channel design proves to be more effective. External concentration polarization (ECP) is also a crucial element in the submerged FO process since mixing of the feed solution is not as optimized as in the cross flow module unless applying intense stirring. Among the mitigation techniques tested, air scouring proves to be more efficient than feed solution circulation. However, ECP mitigation methodology has to be adapted to application specificities with regards to combined/synergetic effects with fouling mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Blandin
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUIA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUIA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Comas
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUIA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain.
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24
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Liao Y, Bokhary A, Maleki E, Liao B. A review of membrane fouling and its control in algal-related membrane processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:343-358. [PMID: 29983228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have received much attention in microalgae biorefinery for nutrients removal from wastewater, carbon dioxide abatement from the air as well as the production of value-added products and biofuel in recent years. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review on membrane fouling issues and its control in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) and other algal-related membrane processes (harvesting, dewatering, and biofuel production). The mechanisms of membrane fouling and factors affecting membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are systematically reviewed. Also, strategies to control membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are summarized and discussed. Finally, the gaps, challenges, and opportunities in membrane fouling control in algal-related membrane technologies are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Alnour Bokhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Esmat Maleki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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25
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García-Cubero R, Wang W, Martín J, Bermejo E, Sijtsma L, Togtema A, Barbosa MJ, Kleinegris DM. Milking exopolysaccharides from Botryococcus braunii CCALA778 by membrane filtration. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:membranes8030047. [PMID: 30041478 PMCID: PMC6160976 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane technology that uses the osmotic pressure difference to treat two fluids at a time giving the opportunity for an energy-efficient water and wastewater treatment. Various applications are possible; one of them is the application in industrial water management. In this review paper, the basic principle of FO is explained and the state-of-the-art regarding FO application in manufacturing industries is described. Examples of FO application were found for food and beverage industry, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, coal processing, micro algae cultivation, textile industry, pulp and paper industry, electronic industry, and car manufacturing. FO publications were also found about heavy metal elimination and cooling water treatment. However, so far FO was applied in lab-scale experiments only. The up-scaling on pilot- or full-scale will be the essential next step. Long-term fouling behavior, membrane cleaning methods, and operation procedures are essential points that need to be further investigated. Moreover, energetic and economic evaluations need to be performed before full-scale FO can be implemented in industries.
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27
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Hapońska M, Clavero E, Salvadó J, Farriol X, Torras C. Pilot scale dewatering of Chlorella sorokiniana and Dunaliella tertiolecta by sedimentation followed by dynamic filtration. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Membrane fouling of forward osmosis in dewatering of soluble algal products: Comparison of TFC and CTA membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Ye J, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Hu Q. Microalgal dewatering using a polyamide thin film composite forward osmosis membrane and fouling mitigation. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Rashid N, Park WK, Selvaratnam T. Binary culture of microalgae as an integrated approach for enhanced biomass and metabolites productivity, wastewater treatment, and bioflocculation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:67-75. [PMID: 29197817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecological studies of microalgae have revealed their potential to co-exist in the natural environment. It provides an evidence of the symbiotic relationship of microalgae with other microorganisms. The symbiosis potential of microalgae is inherited with distinct advantages, providing a venue for their scale-up applications. The deployment of large-scale microalgae applications is limited due to the technical challenges such as slow growth rate, low metabolites yield, and high risk of biomass contamination by unwanted bacteria. However, these challenges can be overcome by exploring symbiotic potential of microalgae. In a symbiotic system, photosynthetic microalgae co-exist with bacteria, fungi, as well as heterotrophic microalgae. In this consortium, they can exchange nutrients and metabolites, transfer gene, and interact with each other through complex metabolic mechanism. Microalgae in this system, termed as a binary culture, are reported to exhibit high growth rate, enhanced bio-flocculation, and biochemical productivity without experiencing contamination. Binary culture also offers interesting applications in other biotechnological processes including bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and production of high-value metabolites. The focus of the study is to provide a perspective to enhance the understanding about microalgae binary culture. In this review, the mechanism of binary culture, its potential, and limitations are briefly discussed. A number of queries are evolved through this study, which needs to be answered by executing future research to assess the real potential of binary culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Rashid
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, 291- Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Kun Park
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Thinesh Selvaratnam
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
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31
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Son J, Sung M, Ryu H, Oh YK, Han JI. Microalgae dewatering based on forward osmosis employing proton exchange membrane. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:57-62. [PMID: 28777991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, electrically-facilitated forward osmosis (FO) employing proton exchange membrane (PEM) was established for the purpose of microalgae dewatering. An increase in water flux was observed when an external voltage was applied to the FO equipped with the PEM; as expected, the trend became more dramatic with both concentration of draw solution and applied voltage raised. With this FO used for microalgae dewatering, 247% of increase in flux and 86% in final biomass concentration were observed. In addition to the effect on flux improvement, the electrically-facilitated FO exhibited the ability to remove chlorophyll from the dewatered biomass, down to 0.021±0015mg/g cell. All these suggest that the newly suggested electrically-facilitated FO, one particularly employed PEM, can indeed offer a workable way of dewatering of microalgae; it appeared to be so because it can also remove the ever-problematic chlorophyll from extracted lipids in a simultaneous fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Son
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Sung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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