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Dhaouafi J, Nedjar N, Jridi M, Romdhani M, Balti R. Extraction of Protein and Bioactive Compounds from Mediterranean Red Algae ( Sphaerococcus coronopifolius and Gelidium spinosum) Using Various Innovative Pretreatment Strategies. Foods 2024; 13:1362. [PMID: 38731733 PMCID: PMC11083387 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the release of proteins and other biomolecules into an aqueous media from two red macroalgae (Sphaerococcus coronopifolius and Gelidium spinosum) was studied using eight different cell disruption techniques. The contents of carbohydrates, pigments, and phenolic compounds coextracted with proteins were quantified. In addition, morphological changes at the cellular level in response to the different pretreatment methods were observed by an optical microscope. Finally, the antioxidant capacity of obtained protein extracts was evaluated using three in vitro tests. For both S. coronopifolius and G. spinosum, ultrasonication for 60 min proved to be the most effective technique for protein extraction, yielding values of 3.46 ± 0.06 mg/g DW and 9.73 ± 0.41 mg/g DW, respectively. Furthermore, the highest total contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and carbohydrates were also recorded with the same method. However, the highest pigment contents were found with ultrasonication for 15 min. Interestingly, relatively high antioxidant activities like radical scavenging activity (31.57-65.16%), reducing power (0.51-1.70, OD at 700 nm), and ferrous iron-chelating activity (28.76-61.37%) were exerted by the different protein extracts whatever the pretreatment method applied. This antioxidant potency could be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compounds, pigments, and/or other bioactive substances in these extracts. Among all the used techniques, ultrasonication pretreatment for 60 min appears to be the most efficient method in terms of destroying the macroalgae cell wall and extracting the molecules of interest, especially proteins. The protein fractions derived from the two red macroalgae under these conditions were precipitated with ammonium sulfate, lyophilized, and their molecular weight distribution was determined using SDS-PAGE. Our results showed that the major protein bands were observed between 25 kDa and 60 kDa for S. coronopifolius and ranged from 20 kDa to 150 kDa for G. spinosum. These findings indicated that ultrasonication for 60 min could be sufficient to disrupt the algae cells for obtaining protein-rich extracts with promising biological properties, especially antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Dhaouafi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, BP, 382, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (J.D.); (M.J.); (M.R.)
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N°1158, Université Lille, INRAE, Université Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, ICV—Institut Charles Viollette, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Naima Nedjar
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N°1158, Université Lille, INRAE, Université Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, ICV—Institut Charles Viollette, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Mourad Jridi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, BP, 382, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (J.D.); (M.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Montassar Romdhani
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, BP, 382, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (J.D.); (M.J.); (M.R.)
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N°1158, Université Lille, INRAE, Université Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, ICV—Institut Charles Viollette, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Rafik Balti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
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Samarathunga J, Wijesekara I, Jayasinghe M. Seaweed proteins as a novel protein alternative: Types, extractions, and functional food applications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2023564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayani Samarathunga
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Isuru Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Madhura Jayasinghe
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Sulastri E, Zubair MS, Lesmana R, Mohammed AFA, Wathoni N. Development and Characterization of Ulvan Polysaccharides-Based Hydrogel Films for Potential Wound Dressing Applications. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4213-4226. [PMID: 34675484 PMCID: PMC8502111 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s331120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulvan is a natural polymer and type of sulfated polysaccharides from green seaweed that could have potential as a candidate for wound dressing material based on the support of its biopolymer characteristics such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Objective In this study, we developed and prepared three different hydrogel films to explore the potency of ulvan for wound dressing application. Methods Ulvan hydrogel films were prepared by the facile method through ionic crosslinking with boric acid and added glycerol as a plasticizer. The films were evaluated in regard to swelling degree, water vapor transmission (WVTR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder x-ray diffractometry (P-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. Results The hydrogel films showed that the different concentration of ulvan in the formula affects the characteristics of the hydrogel film. The higher the concentration of ulvan in UHF, the higher the value of viscosity (201±13.45 to 689±62.23 cps for UHF5 to UHF10), swelling degree (82% to 130% for UHF5 to UHF10 at 1 h), moisture content (24%±1.94% to 18.4%±0.51 for UHF5 to UHF10), and the WVTR were obtained in the range 1856–2590g/m2/24h. Meanwhile, the SEM showed porous hydrogel film. Besides, all hydrogel films can reduce hydroxyl radicals and inhibit gram-positive and negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus epidermidis). Conclusion The swelling behavior and WVTR of these films are great and could have potential as a wound dressing biomaterial, supported by their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Sulastri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, 94119, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, 94119, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
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Sulastri E, Lesmana R, Zubair MS, Elamin KM, Wathoni N. A Comprehensive Review on Ulvan Based Hydrogel and Its Biomedical Applications. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:432-443. [PMID: 33952853 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulvan is a natural sulfated polysaccharide obtained from marine green algae composed of 3-sulfated rhamnoglucuronan as the main component. It has a unique chemical structure that rich of L-rhamnosa, D-glucuronic acid, and L-iduronic acid. Ulvan has a similar structure to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mammals including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate that has broad range applications for many years. Here, we provide an overview of ulvan based hydrogels for biomedical applications. Hydrogels are one of ulvan advances in polymer science for application in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This review presented an overview about functional information of ulvan based hydrogels and the promising potential in biomedicals collected from published papers in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Other important aspects concerning properties, hydrogel-forming mechanisms, and ulvan based hydrogel developments were reported as well. As conclusion, ulvan showed interesting properties in forming hydrogels and promising advances in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Sulastri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tadulako
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biology Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran
| | | | - Khaled M Elamin
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Yang F, Yang M, Zhou J, Hu Z, Xu X, Mao G, Chen G, Xiang W, Sun X, Xu N. Antiaging compounds from marine organisms. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Extraction of proteins from two marine macroalgae, Ulva sp. and Gracilaria sp., for food application, and evaluating digestibility, amino acid composition and antioxidant properties of the protein concentrates. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kováčik J, Micalizzi G, Dresler S, Babula P, Hladký J, Chemodanov A, Mondello L. Metabolic responses of Ulva compressa to single and combined heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:384-394. [PMID: 30241083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of metals and metabolic responses were studied for two Cd and Cu concentrations (1 and 10 μM) either alone or as a combination in marine macroalga after 7 days of exposure. Cd accumulated more at a low dose (115 μg of Cd/g DW) but Cu at a high dose (378 μg of Cu/g DW); Cu suppressed Cd accumulation (by 57%). Na and Zn levels were unaffected, but higher metal doses depleted K and Ca levels. Higher metal concentrations strongly stimulated reactive oxygen species and depleted nitric oxide (NO) formation, but differences between the action of Cd and Cu were not extensive. Higher metal doses increased cell wall thickness with a potential relation to NO signal that is visible mainly in the apoplast in those treatments. A higher Cu dose depleted proline, ascorbic acid, and phenol levels more than Cd, whereas Cd elevated nonprotein thiols and ascorbic acid in combined treatments. An eventual role of malic or citric acid in metal chelation was not evident: malic acid level decreased in all treatments. The total content of fatty acids reached 16.7 mg/g DW in control with the quantitative order of PUFAs > SFAs > MUFAs; palmitic, vaccenic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids were the major compounds. Cu was more toxic for fatty acids than Cd (even at 1 μM); mainly, PUFA levels strongly decreased (from 43% of total acids in control to 28.9% and 5.4% at 1 and 10 μM Cu treatment, respectively). Results are precisely and critically discussed in relation to limited literature focused on macroalgae, and a comparison with microalgae is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Department of Biology, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Hladký
- Faculty of Education, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Luigi Mondello
- "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o "Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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