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Chen H, Sosa A, Chen F. Growth and Cell Size of Microalga Auxenochlorella protothecoides AS-1 under Different Trophic Modes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:835. [PMID: 38674779 PMCID: PMC11052296 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Certain microalgal species can grow with different trophic strategies depending on the availability of nutrient resources. They can use the energy from light or an organic substrate, or both, and can therefore be called autotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs. We recently isolated a microalgal strain from the microplastic biofilm, which was identified as Auxenochlorella protothecoides, AS-1. Strain AS-1 grew rapidly in bacterial culture media and exhibited different growth rates and cell sizes under different trophic conditions. We compared the growth performance of AS-1 under the three different trophic modes. AS-1 reached a high biomass (>4 g/L) in 6 days under mixotrophic growth conditions with a few organic carbons as a substrate. In contrast, poor autotrophic growth was observed for AS-1. Different cell sizes, including daughter and mother cells, were observed under the different growth modes. We applied a Coulter Counter to measure the size distribution patterns of AS-1 under different trophic modes. We showed that the cell size distribution of AS-1 was affected by different growth modes. Compared to the auto-, hetero- and mixotrophic modes, AS-1 achieved higher biomass productivity by increasing cell number and cell size in the presence of organic substrate. The mechanisms and advantages of having more mother cells with organic substrates are still unclear and warrant further investigations. The work here provides the growth information of a newly isolated A. protothecoides AS-1 which will be beneficial to future downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Chen
- Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21613, USA; (H.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana Sosa
- Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21613, USA; (H.C.); (A.S.)
- Maryland Sea Grant College, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21613, USA; (H.C.); (A.S.)
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Wang SJ, Liu BR, Zhang F, Su XR, Li YP, Yang CT, Zhang ZH, Cong B. The amino acid metabolomics signature of differentiating myocardial infarction from strangulation death in mice models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14999. [PMID: 37696922 PMCID: PMC10495377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study differentiates myocardial infarction (MI) and strangulation death (STR) from the perspective of amino acid metabolism. In this study, MI mice model via subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol and STR mice model by neck strangulation were constructed, and were randomly divided into control (CON), STR, mild MI (MMI), and severe MI (SMI) groups. The metabolomics profiles were obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics. Principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, volcano plots, and heatmap were used for discrepancy metabolomics analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed and the expression of proteins related to metabolomics was detected using immunohistochemical and western blot methods. Differential metabolites and metabolite pathways were screened. In addition, we found the expression of PPM1K was significantly reduced in the MI group, but the expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K1 were significantly increased (all P < 0.05), especially in the SMI group (P < 0.01). The expression of Cyt-C was significantly increased in each group compared with the CON group, especially in the STR group (all P < 0.01), and the expression of AMPKα1 was significantly increased in the STR group (all P < 0.01). Our study for the first time revealed significant differences in amino acid metabolism between STR and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Jun Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Bing-Rui Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Forensic Pathology Lab, Guangdong Public Security Department, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Su
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Chen-Teng Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Hebei Chest Hospital, No. 372 Shengli North Street, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050041, Hebei, China.
| | - Bin Cong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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The Upcoming 6Li Isotope Requirements Might Be Supplied by a Microalgal Enrichment Process. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081753. [PMID: 34442832 PMCID: PMC8401424 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium isotopes are essential for nuclear energy, but new enrichment methods are required. In this study, we considered biotechnology as a possibility. We assessed the Li fractionation capabilities of three Chlorophyte strains: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Tetraselmis mediterranea, and a freshwater Chlorophyte, Desmodesmus sp. These species were cultured in Li containing media and were analysed just after inoculation and after 3, 12, and 27 days. Li mass was determined using a Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer, and the isotope compositions were measured on a Thermo Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. The maximum Li capture was observed at day 27 with C. reinhardtii (31.66 µg/g). Desmodesmus sp. reached the greatest Li fractionation, (δ6 = 85.4‰). All strains fractionated preferentially towards 6Li. More studies are required to find fitter species and to establish the optimal conditions for Li capture and fractionation. Nevertheless, this is the first step for a microalgal nuclear biotechnology.
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Wangpraseurt D, You S, Azam F, Jacucci G, Gaidarenko O, Hildebrand M, Kühl M, Smith AG, Davey MP, Smith A, Deheyn DD, Chen S, Vignolini S. Bionic 3D printed corals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1748. [PMID: 32273516 PMCID: PMC7145811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Corals have evolved as optimized photon augmentation systems, leading to space-efficient microalgal growth and outstanding photosynthetic quantum efficiencies. Light attenuation due to algal self-shading is a key limiting factor for the upscaling of microalgal cultivation. Coral-inspired light management systems could overcome this limitation and facilitate scalable bioenergy and bioproduct generation. Here, we develop 3D printed bionic corals capable of growing microalgae with high spatial cell densities of up to 109 cells mL−1. The hybrid photosynthetic biomaterials are produced with a 3D bioprinting platform which mimics morphological features of living coral tissue and the underlying skeleton with micron resolution, including their optical and mechanical properties. The programmable synthetic microenvironment thus allows for replicating both structural and functional traits of the coral-algal symbiosis. Our work defines a class of bionic materials that is capable of interacting with living organisms and can be exploited for applied coral reef research and photobioreactor design. Corals have evolved as finely tuned light collectors. Here, the authors report on the 3D printing of coral-inspired biomaterials, that mimic the coral-algal symbiosis; these bionic corals lead to dense microalgal growth and can find applications in algal biotechnology and applied coral science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wangpraseurt
- Bioinspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA. .,Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Shangting You
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Farooq Azam
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Gianni Jacucci
- Bioinspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olga Gaidarenko
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Mark Hildebrand
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Alison G Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew P Davey
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alyssa Smith
- Bioinspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dimitri D Deheyn
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Bioinspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Wild KJ, Trautmann A, Katzenmeyer M, Steingaß H, Posten C, Rodehutscord M. Chemical composition and nutritional characteristics for ruminants of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris obtained using different cultivation conditions. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Elucidating the unique physiological responses of halotolerant Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in sea water for biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Zhang L, Pei H, Chen S, Jiang L, Hou Q, Yang Z, Yu Z. Salinity-induced cellular cross-talk in carbon partitioning reveals starch-to-lipid biosynthesis switching in low-starch freshwater algae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:449-456. [PMID: 29197271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress has been verified to be a successful approach to enhance lipid production in high-starch marine algae, and salinity-induced carbon flow switching has been proposed as an algal response specific to brackish water. With the aim of testing this assumption, Chlorella sorokiniana SDEC-18, a low-starch freshwater alga, was grown in BG11 medium with NaCl addition at various concentrations (0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 g/L). The results showed that salinity stress promoted carbon redistribution and starch conversion to lipid. The most desirable lipid productivity of 19.66 mg/L·d occurred in the medium with 20 g/L NaCl, about 2.16 times as high as that in the BG11 medium control. Moreover, microalgae with salinity stress were able to produce biodiesel with a more suitable cloud point, due to a decrease in the saturated fatty acid content. This therefore confirms that low-starch freshwater microalgae can also carry out salinity-induced carbon flow switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Shuaiqi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingjie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ze Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
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