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Ali A, Khalid Z, Ahmed A A, Ajarem JS. Wastewater treatment by using microalgae: Insights into fate, transport, and associated challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139501. [PMID: 37453525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of wastewater with microalgae is a new topic that concentrates on devising a cost-effective and environmentally beneficial method. Multiple microalgae and bacterial consortiums have recently been evaluated to determine if they can purify effluent from various sources. Critical to a system's efficacy is its ability to remove nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and heavy metals such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu). This study compared traditional wastewater treatment systems to microalgae-based systems for treating different types of wastewater. The research investigates the potential for microalgae to cleanse wastewater. The research also evaluates wastewater parameters, methods, and scientific techniques for extracting nutrients and heavy metals from polluted water. According to the literature, Microalgae can remove between 98.7% and 100% of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and heavy metals from various effluents. The paper concludes by discussing the difficulties of using microalgae to remediate wastewater. The elimination of nutrients from the effluent is influenced by biomass production, osmotic capacity, temperature, pH, and O2 concentration. Therefore, a "pilot" study is recommended to investigate contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zunera Khalid
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Allam Ahmed A
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Jamaan S Ajarem
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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LeClerc HO, Tompsett GA, Paulsen AD, McKenna AM, Niles SF, Reddy CM, Nelson RK, Cheng F, Teixeira AR, Timko MT. Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel. iScience 2022; 25:104916. [PMID: 36148430 PMCID: PMC9486744 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Food waste is an abundant and inexpensive resource for the production of renewable fuels. Biocrude yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste can be boosted using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inexpensive and abundant catalyst. Combining HAP with an inexpensive homogeneous base increased biocrude yield from 14 ± 1 to 37 ± 3%, resulting in the recovery of 49 ± 2% of the energy contained in the food waste feed. Detailed product analysis revealed the importance of fatty-acid oligomerization during biocrude formation, highlighting the role of acid-base catalysts in promoting condensation reactions. Economic and environmental analysis found that the new technology has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6% while producing renewable diesel with a minimum fuel selling price of $1.06/GGE. HAP can play a role in transforming food waste from a liability to a renewable fuel. Catalysts boost yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste HAP-catalyzed HTL has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6 Catalytic food waste HTL can produce fuel with an MFSP of $1.06/GGE
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather O. LeClerc
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Tompsett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Alex D. Paulsen
- Mainstream Engineering Corporation, 200 Yellow Place, Rockledge, FL 32955, USA
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sydney F. Niles
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | | | - Robert K. Nelson
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 86 Water St., Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Andrew R. Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Michael T. Timko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Corresponding author
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Ahmed SF, Mofijur M, Parisa TA, Islam N, Kusumo F, Inayat A, Le VG, Badruddin IA, Khan TMY, Ong HC. Progress and challenges of contaminate removal from wastewater using microalgae biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131656. [PMID: 34325255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of microalgae in treating wastewater has been an emerging topic focussed on finding an economically sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to treating wastewater. Over the last several years, different types of con microalgae and bacteria consortia have been experimented with to explore their potential in effectively treating wastewater from different sources. The basic features considered while determining efficiency is their capacity to remove nutrients including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and heavy metals like arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu). This paper reviews the efficiency of microalgae as an approach to treating wastewater from different sources and compares conventional and microalgae-based treatment systems. The paper also discusses the characteristics of wastewater, conventional methods of wastewater treatment that have been used so far, and the technological mechanisms for removing nutrients and heavy metals from contaminated water. Microalgae can successfully eliminate the suspended nutrients and have been reported to successfully remove N, P, and heavy metals by up to 99.6 %, 100 %, and 13%-100 % from different types of wastewater. However, although a microalgae-based wastewater treatment system offers some benefits, it also presents some challenges as outlined in the last section of this paper. Performance in eliminating nutrients from wastewater is affected by different parameters such as temperature, biomass productivity, osmotic ability, pH, O2 concentration. Therefore, the conducting of pilot-scale studies and exploration of the complexities of contaminants under complex environmental conditions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Forruque Ahmed
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh.
| | - M Mofijur
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tahlil Ahmed Parisa
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Islam
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - F Kusumo
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Abrar Inayat
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Van Giang Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Irfan Anjum Badruddin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - T M Yunus Khan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Sills DL, Van Doren LG, Beal C, Raynor E. The effect of functional unit and co-product handling methods on life cycle assessment of an algal biorefinery. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) Analysis of Algal Fuels. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1980:121-151. [PMID: 30838603 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most attractive tools employed nowadays by environmental policy-makers as well as business decision-makers to ensure environmentally sustainable production/consumption of various goods/services. LCA is a systematic, rigorous, and standardized approach aimed at quantifying resources consumed/depleted, pollutants released, and the related environmental and health impacts through the course of consumption and production of goods/service. Algal fuels are no exception and their environmental sustainability could be well scrutinized using the LCA methodology. In line with that, this chapter is devoted to present guidelines on the technical aspects of LCA application in algal fuels while elaborating on major standards used, i.e., ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. Overall, LCA practitioners as well as technical experts dealing with algal fuels in both the public and private sectors could be the main target audience for these guidelines.
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Li Y, Tarpeh WA, Nelson KL, Strathmann TJ. Quantitative Evaluation of an Integrated System for Valorization of Wastewater Algae as Bio-oil, Fuel Gas, and Fertilizer Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12717-12727. [PMID: 30256626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Algal systems have emerged as a promising strategy for simultaneous treatment and valorization of wastewater. However, further advancement and real-world implementation are hindered by the limited knowledge on the full energetic and nutrient product potentials of such systems and the corresponding value of these products. In this work, an aqueous-based system for the conversion of wastewater-derived algae and upgrading of crude products was designed and demonstrated. Bio-oil, fuel gas, and fertilizer products were generated from algal biomass harvested from a municipal wastewater treatment facility. Experiments showed that 68% of chemical energy contained in the algal biomass could be recovered with 44% in upgraded bio-oil and 23% in fuel gas (calculated as higher heating values), and 44% and 91% of nitrogen and phosphorus element contents in the original feedstock could be recovered as fertilizer products (ammonium sulfate and struvite), respectively. For 1,000 kg of such dry algal biomass, these products had an estimated total value of $427 (in 2014 U.S. dollars). For the first time, experiment-based energy and nutrient recovery potentials of wastewater-derived algae were presented in an integrated manner. Findings also revealed critical research needs and suggested strategies to further improve resource recovery and waste valorization in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines and Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California and Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kara L Nelson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California and Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines and Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt) , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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