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Velásquez-Orta SB, Yáñez-Noguez I, Ramírez IM, Ledesma MTO. Pilot-scale microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment using high-rate ponds: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34000-7. [PMID: 38985422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation in wastewater has been widely researched under laboratory conditions as per its potential to couple treatment with biomass production. Currently, only a limited number of published articles consider outdoor and long-term microalgae-bacteria cultivations in real wastewater environmental systems. The scope of this work is to describe microalgal cultivation steps towards high-rate algal pond (HRAP) scalability and identify key parameters that play a major role for biomass productivity under outdoor conditions and long-term cultivations. Reviewed pilot-scale HRAP literature is analysed using multivariate analysis to highlight key productivity parameters within environmental and operational factors. Wastewater treatment analysis indicated that HRAP can effectively remove 90% of NH4+, 70% of COD, and 50% of PO43-. Mean reference values of 210 W m-2 for irradiation, 18 °C for temperature, pH of 8.2, and HRT of 7.7 are derived from pilot-scale cultivations. Microalgae biomass productivity at a large scale is governed by solar radiation and NH4+ concentration, which are more important than retention time variations within investigated studies. Hence, selecting the correct type of location and a minimum of 70 mg L-1 of NH4+ in wastewater will have the greatest effect in microalgae productivity. A high nutrient wastewater content increases final biomass concentrations but not necessarily biomass productivity. Pilot-scale growth rates (~ 0.54 day-1) are half those observed in lab experiments, indicating a scaling-up bottleneck. Microalgae cultivation in wastewater enables a circular bioeconomy framework by unlocking microalgal biomass for the delivery of an array of products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaura Yáñez-Noguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Alcaldía Coyoacán, México
| | - Ignacio Monje Ramírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Alcaldía Coyoacán, México
| | - María Teresa Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Alcaldía Coyoacán, México
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Shokoohi R, Rahmani A, Asgari G, Ashrafi M, Ghahramani E. The effect of the combined system of hydrodynamic cavitation, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide on chlorophyll a and organic substances removal in the raw water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10102. [PMID: 37344539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of nutrients and algae can cause drinking water problems in communities. Harmful algal blooms affect humans, fish, marine mammals, birds, and other animals. In the present study, we investigated the use of a combined system [Hydrodynamic Cavitation, Ozone (O3), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)] on the removal of Chlorophyll a and Organic substances in the raw water was investigated. The Effect of different operating conditions such as pH, cavitation time, pressure, distance, flow rate, ozone dose, and hydrogen peroxide concentration was studied. Utilizing the Taguchi design method, experiments were planned and optimized. The combined system treatment yielded a maximum reduction in Chlorophyll a and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) at an optimum condition of pH 5, cavitation pressure 5 bar, flow rate of 1 m3/h, a distance of 25 cm from the orifice plate, O3 3 g/h and 2 g/l of H2O2 concentrations. The most efficient factor in the degradation of TOC and Chlorophyll a, was cavitation pressure based on the percentage contributions of each parameter (38.64 percent and 35.05 percent, respectively). H2O2 was found to have the most negligible impact on degradation efficiency (4.24 percent and 4.11 percent, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shokoohi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghorban Asgari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maysam Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ghahramani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Research Institute for Health Department, Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Pulgarin A, Decker J, Chen J, Giannakis S, Ludwig C, Refardt D, Pick H. Effective removal of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus from a Chlorella vulgaris microalgal culture by homogeneous solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119301. [PMID: 36369688 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a citrate-modified photo-Fenton process was successfully applied to decontaminate a Chlorella vulgaris microalgae culture spiked with the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus (5 individuals mL-1). The applied treatment (1 mg L-1 Fe2+, 20 mg L-1 H2O2, 17.5 mg L-1 citric acid) had only moderate effects on viability and regrowth of the microalgae since, after a short post-treatment delay of a few days, they reached final cell densities similar to that obtained for microalgae cultures that were not spiked. The decontamination was effective as no regrowth of rotifers was observed in the microalgae cultures after treatment. The efficacy of the citrate-modified photo-Fenton treatment was also studied with a higher starting concentration of 20 rotifers mL-1 and was compared with a solar light/H2O2 treatment. Results show that both treatments had similar efficacies on the rotifer elimination, but that the citrate-modified photo-Fenton treatment had a lower negative impact on the regrowth of microalgae than the solar light/H2O2 treatment. However, when microalgae cultures were spiked with 20 rotifers mL-1, rotifers were only partially inactivated and post-treatment regrowth occurred, which highlights the importance to apply the photo-Fenton process at an early stage of a contamination to achieve full rotifer elimination. In any case, a contamination with 5 rotifers mL-1 is already a significant threat as numbers above 1000 rotifers mL-1 were reached after 14 days and caused the microalgae culture to fail. Overall, our treatment suggests that the citrate-modified solar photo-Fenton process is an environmentally friendly solution to support the maintenance of contaminant-free microalgal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Pulgarin
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Campus Grüental, CH-8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Environmental Engineering Institute (IIE), GR-LUD, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Decker
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Environmental Engineering Institute (IIE), GR-LUD, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiahua Chen
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Environmental Engineering Institute (IIE), GR-LUD, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Unidad docente Ingeniería Sanitaria, c/ Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Christian Ludwig
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Environmental Engineering Institute (IIE), GR-LUD, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Energy and Environment Research Division (ENE), Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory (LBK), Chemical Processes and Materials Group (CPM), CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Refardt
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Campus Grüental, CH-8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Horst Pick
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Environmental Engineering Institute (IIE), GR-LUD, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Xu S, Wang J, Chen W, Ji B, Yan H, Zhang Z, Long X. Removal of field-collected Microcystis aeruginosa in pilot-scale by a jet pump cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105924. [PMID: 35091235 PMCID: PMC8800136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation has been investigated extensively in the field of water treatment in the last decade and a well-designed hydrodynamic cavitation reactor is critical to the efficient removal of algal and large-scale application. In this paper, a jet pump cavitation reactor (JPCR) is developed for the removal of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginos in a pilot scale. The results demonstrate that the photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa is greatly inhibited immediately after treatment in the JPCR, and the growth is also hindered after 3 days culture. Moreover, a high cell disruptions of M. aeruginosa is detected after treated by JPCR. The release of chlorophyll-a indicates that the JPCR caused serious rupture to M. aeruginosa cells. The plausible cell disruption mechanisms are proposed in accordance with a fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope. Then, the optimization of cell disruption efficiency is also investigated for various operating conditions. The results showed that the algal cell disruption efficiency is improved at higher inlet pressure and the cavitation stage between the unstable limited operation cavitation stage and stable limited operation cavitation stage. The effect and optimization of JPCR on algal reduction are highlighted. The results of the study promote the application of hydrodynamic cavitation on algal removal and provide strong support for JPCR application in algal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Hubei 430072, China; School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Hubei 430072, China; School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Hubei 430072, China; State Key Lab of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Hengfei Yan
- Jiujiang Branch of Tianjin Navigation Instrument Research Institute, Jiangxi 32007, China
| | - Zuti Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Hubei 430072, China; School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xinping Long
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Hubei 430072, China; School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China; State Key Lab of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China.
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Zhang A, Wen X, Wang K, Huo Y, Geng Y, Ding Y, Li Y. Using surfactants for controlling rotifer contamination in mass cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhao L, Peng C, Zhang J, Tang Z. Synergistic effect of microbubble flow and light fields on a bionic tree-like photobioreactor. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Han J, Thomsen L, Pan K, Wang P, Wawilow T, Osundeko O, Wang S, Theilen U, Thomsen C. Treating wastewater by indigenous microalgae strain in pilot platform located inside a municipal wastewater treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3261-3271. [PMID: 30961473 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1604816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various resources from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) are available for microalgae cultivation plants, suggesting that a combination of these technologies can be used to produce microalgae biomass and remove contaminants at a low cost. In this study, the growth performance and nutrient removal efficiency of an indigenous Scenedesmus sp. in various wastewater media with different exchange patterns were investigated firstly, then transferred to a pilot-scale photobioreactor (located inside a MWTP) for bioremediation use. The temperature and pH of the platform were maintained at 15-30°C and 7.6, respectively. The N H 4 + - N , N O 3 - - N , and P O 4 3 - - P of the wastewater could be reduced to below 0.05, 0.40, and 0.175 mg L-1, respectively. Our results indicate that microalgae cultivation using the resources of a MWTP can achieve high algal biomass productivity and nutrient removal rate. Our study also suggests that efficient technology for controlling zooplankton needs to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Han
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Laurenz Thomsen
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kehou Pan
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Laboratory of protozoology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tatjana Wawilow
- Competence Centre for Energy and Environmental Engineering, THM Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Olumayowa Osundeko
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulf Theilen
- Competence Centre for Energy and Environmental Engineering, THM Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
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Controlled Hydrodynamic Cavitation: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives for Greener Processing. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 20th century has witnessed a remarkable enhancement in the demand for varieties of consumer products, ranging from food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, to other industries. To enhance the quality of the product and to reduce the production cost, industries are gradually inclined towards greener processing technologies. Cavitation-based technologies are gaining interest among processing technologies due to their cost effectiveness in operation, minimization of toxic solvent usage, and ability to obtain superior processed products compared to conventional methods. Also, following the recent advancements, cavitation technology with large-scale processing applicability is only denoted to the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC)-based method. This review includes a general overview of hydrodynamic cavitation-based processing technologies and a detailed discussion regarding the process effectiveness. HC has demonstrated its usefulness in food processing, extraction of valuable products, biofuel synthesis, emulsification, and waste remediation, including broad-spectrum contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, bacteria, dyes, and organic pollutants of concern. Following the requirement of a specific process, HC has been implemented either alone or in combination with other process-intensifying steps, for example, catalyst, surfactant, ultraviolet (UV), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ozone (O3), for better performance. The reactor set-up of HC includes orifice, slit venturi, rotor-stator, and sonolator type constrictions that initiate and control the formation of bubbles. Moreover, the future directions have also been pointed out with careful consideration of specific drawbacks.
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Zupanc M, Pandur Ž, Stepišnik Perdih T, Stopar D, Petkovšek M, Dular M. Effects of cavitation on different microorganisms: The current understanding of the mechanisms taking place behind the phenomenon. A review and proposals for further research. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 57:147-165. [PMID: 31208610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A sudden decrease in pressure triggers the formation of vapour and gas bubbles inside a liquid medium (also called cavitation). This leads to many (key) engineering problems: material loss, noise, and vibration of hydraulic machinery. On the other hand, cavitation is a potentially useful phenomenon: the extreme conditions are increasingly used for a wide variety of applications such as surface cleaning, enhanced chemistry, and wastewater treatment (bacteria eradication and virus inactivation). Despite this significant progress, a large gap persists between the understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the effects of cavitation and its application. Although engineers are already commercializing devices that employ cavitation, we are still not able to answer the fundamental question: What precisely are the mechanisms how bubbles can clean, disinfect, kill bacteria and enhance chemical activity? The present paper is a thorough review of the recent (from 2005 onward) work done in the fields of cavitation-assisted microorganism's destruction and aims to serve as a foundation to build on in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Zupanc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Pandur
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Stepišnik Perdih
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Petkovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kim D, Kwak M, Kim K, Chang YK. Turbulent jet-assisted microfiltration for energy efficient harvesting of microalgae. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Isolation and evaluation of a novel strain of Chlorella sorokiniana that resists grazing by the predator Poterioochromonas malhamensis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Modeling the impact of rotifer contamination on microalgal production in open pond, photobioreactor and thin layer cultivation systems. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Statistical optimization of light intensity and CO 2 concentration for lipid production derived from attached cultivation of green microalga Ettlia sp. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15390. [PMID: 30337595 PMCID: PMC6193934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Attached cultivation systems have been receiving extensive attention as a breakthrough in microalgae cultivation technology. However, there is a lack of studies that emphasize precise optimization of important parameters in attached cultivation of microalgae. In this study, the effects of two major environmental parameters in photoautotrophic cultivation, light intensity and CO2 concentration, on the biomass and lipid surface productivity of Ettlia sp. YC001 were optimized by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and validated experimentally. The optimum initial conditions for attached cultivation were use of seed from the late exponential phase (LE) and an inoculum surface density of 2.5 g/m2. By optimization, maximum biomass surface productivity of 28.0 ± 1.5 g/m2/day was achieved at 730 μE/m2/s with 8% CO2. The maximum lipid surface productivity was 4.2 ± 0.3 g/m2/day at 500 μE/m2/s with 7% CO2. Change of the fatty acid composition with respect to changes in environment parameters led to improvement of biodiesel quality at higher light intensity and higher CO2 concentration. Attached cultivation of Ettlia sp. YC001 has successfully produced biomass and lipids at a high production rate with relatively low light energy demand and high CO2 utilization.
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