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Adarshan S, Sree VSS, Muthuramalingam P, Nambiar KS, Sevanan M, Satish L, Venkidasamy B, Jeelani PG, Shin H. Understanding Macroalgae: A Comprehensive Exploration of Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, and Omics Dimensions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:113. [PMID: 38202421 PMCID: PMC10780804 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Driven by a surge in global interest in natural products, macroalgae or seaweed, has emerged as a prime source for nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical applications. Characterized by remarkable genetic diversity and a crucial role in marine ecosystems, these organisms offer not only substantial nutritional value in proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, but also a diverse array of bioactive molecules with promising pharmaceutical properties. Furthermore, macroalgae produce approximately 80% of the oxygen in the atmosphere, highlighting their ecological significance. The unique combination of nutritional and bioactive attributes positions macroalgae as an ideal resource for food and medicine in various regions worldwide. This comprehensive review consolidates the latest advancements in the field, elucidating the potential applications of macroalgae in developing nutraceuticals and therapeutics. The review emphasizes the pivotal role of omics approaches in deepening our understanding of macroalgae's physiological and molecular characteristics. By highlighting the importance of omics, this review also advocates for continued exploration and utilization of these extraordinary marine organisms in diverse domains, including drug discovery, functional foods, and other industrial applications. The multifaceted potential of macroalgae warrants further research and development to unlock their full benefits and contribute to advancing global health and sustainable industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Vairavel Sivaranjani Sivani Sree
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Krishnanjana S Nambiar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, Marine Algal Research Station, CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Mandapam 623519, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Peerzada Gh Jeelani
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College Trichy, Tiruchirapalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
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Vasconcelos MMM, Marson GV, Rioux LE, Tamigneaux E, Turgeon SL, Beaulieu L. In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Proteins and Bioactive Compounds of Wild and Cultivated Seaweeds from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:102. [PMID: 36827143 PMCID: PMC9964403 DOI: 10.3390/md21020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased interest in macroalgae protein and fibers, little information is available on their bioaccessibility. The application of an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to study the degree of disintegration and release of proteins with expressed bioactivities from wild and cultivated Palmaria palmata and Saccharina latissima was proposed in this study. Macroalgae from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada, were submitted to digestive transit times of 2 (oral), 60 (gastric) and 120 (duodenal) minutes. Among wild samples, P. palmata had a higher percentage of disintegration, protein release and degree of hydrolysis than S. latissima. While the least digested sample, wild S. latissima, was the sample with the highest antioxidant activity (210 μmol TE g-1), the most digested sample, cultivated P. palmata, presented the highest ability to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), reaching 32.6 ± 1.2% at 3 mg mL-1. ACE inhibitory activity increased from 1 to 3 mg mL-1, but not at 5 mg mL-1. Wild samples from both species showed an ACE inhibition around 27.5%. Data suggested that the disintegration of the samples was influenced by their soluble and insoluble fiber contents. Further information on the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of these macroalgae should consider the characterization of digestion products other than protein, as well as the effects of previous product processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M. M. Vasconcelos
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Fishing Engineering, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Universitário da Ininga, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Gabriela V. Marson
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurie-Eve Rioux
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eric Tamigneaux
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Merinov, École des pêches et de l’aquaculture du Québec (ÉPAQ), Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Iles, 6 rue du Parc, Grande-Rivière, QC G0C 1V0, Canada
| | - Sylvie L. Turgeon
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Applications of Ulva Biomass and Strategies to Improve Its Yield and Composition: A Perspective for Ulva Aquaculture. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111593. [DOI: 10.3390/biology11111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sea lettuce (Ulva spp.), with its worldwide distribution and remarkable ability to grow rapidly under various conditions, represents an important natural resource that is still under-exploited. Its biomass can be used for a wide range of applications in the food/feed, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, biofuel, and bioremediation industries. However, knowledge of the factors affecting Ulva biomass yield and composition is far from complete. Indeed, the respective contributions of the microbiome, natural genetic variation in Ulva species, environmental conditions and importantly, the interactions between these three factors on the Ulva biomass, have been only partially elucidated. Further investigation is important for the implementation of large-scale Ulva aquaculture, which requires stable and controlled biomass composition and yields. In this review, we document Ulva biomass composition, describe the uses of Ulva biomass and we propose different strategies for developing a sustainable and profitable Ulva aquaculture industry.
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Vega-Gálvez A, Uribe E, Gómez-Pérez LS, García V, Mejias N, Pastén A. Drying Kinetic Modeling and Assessment of Mineral Content, Antimicrobial Activity, and Potential α-Glucosidase Activity Inhibition of a Green Seaweed ( Ulva spp.) Subjected to Different Drying Methods. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34230-34238. [PMID: 36188277 PMCID: PMC9520681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The green algal genus Ulva grows widely on all continents and is used for several applications such as functional foods, cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals due to its nutritional characteristics. However, to increase its shelf-life and retain its bioactive components, it is necessary to apply some conservation technology, such as drying. The aim of this work is to describe the drying kinetic behavior of the green seaweed Ulva spp. by applying three dehydration methods: convective drying (CD), vacuum drying (VD), and solar drying (SD) by mathematical modeling and determining the retention of mineral content by atomic absorption spectroscopy and the antimicrobial potential against four strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Penicillium sp. by measurement of inhibition zones and α-glucosidase activity inhibition, as reported by IC50 determination. A freeze-dried sample was used as the control. The equilibrium moisture values calculated using the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model were 0.0108, 0.0108, and 0.0290 g water/g d.m., for CD, VD and SD, respectively. The Midilli and Kucuk model showed robustness to fit all the experimental data of drying kinetic modeling. Ulva spp. is an important source of potassium with a ratio of Na/K < 0.29. Inhibition halos were observed in all samples against S. cerevisiae and Penicillium sp. with higher values than fluconazole action. An inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity was observed in all samples, mainly in the freeze-dried sample. Finally, dried Ulva spp. is a rich source of macro- and microminerals with antimicrobial activity and is a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor. Thus, it can be considered as a potential functional ingredient for food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vega-Gálvez
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Elsa Uribe
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
- Instituto
de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Luis S. Gómez-Pérez
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Vivian García
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Nicol Mejias
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Alexis Pastén
- Department
of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán
1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
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Areco MM, Salomone VN, Afonso MDS. Ulva lactuca: A bioindicator for anthropogenic contamination and its environmental remediation capacity. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 171:105468. [PMID: 34507027 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coastal regions are subjected to degradation due to anthropogenic pollution. Effluents loaded with variable concentrations of heavy metal, persistent organic pollutant, as well as nutrients are discharged in coastal areas leading to environmental degradation. In the past years, many scientists have studied, not only the effect of different contaminants on coastal ecosystems but also, they have searched for organisms tolerant to pollutants that can be used as bioindicators or for biomonitoring purposes. Furthermore, many researchers have demonstrated the capacity of different marine organisms to remove heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, as well as to reduce nutrient concentration, which may lead to eutrophication. In this sense, Ulva lactuca, a green macroalgae commonly found in coastal areas, has been extensively studied for its capacity to accumulate pollutants; as a bioindicator; as well as for its remediation capacity. This paper aims to review the information published regarding the use of Ulva lactuca in environmental applications. The review was focused on those studies that analyse the role of this macroalga as a biomonitor or in bioremediation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Areco
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental -IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650-San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Vanesa N Salomone
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental -IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650-San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. CONICET, Argentina
| | - María Dos Santos Afonso
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II 3er Piso, Int. Guiraldes, 2160, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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López-Pérez O, del Olmo A, Picon A, Nuñez M. Volatile compounds and odour characteristics of five edible seaweeds preserved by high pressure processing: Changes during refrigerated storage. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Preservation of five edible seaweeds by high pressure processing: effect on microbiota, shelf life, colour, texture and antioxidant capacity. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Magdugo RP, Terme N, Lang M, Pliego-Cortés H, Marty C, Hurtado AQ, Bedoux G, Bourgougnon N. An Analysis of the Nutritional and Health Values of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) and Ulva fasciata (Delile)-Two Chlorophyta Collected from the Philippines. Molecules 2020; 25:E2901. [PMID: 32599734 PMCID: PMC7356146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, lipids and amino acid profiles were investigated to understand the nutritional value of Caulerpa racemosa and Ulva fasciata from the Philippines. The results revealed that both species contain high amounts of proteins (8.8-19.9% for C. racemosa and 8.0-11.1% for U. fasciata). The portions of the total amino acids that were essential amino acids (EAAs) (45.28 ± 0.12% for C. racemosa and 42.17 ± 0.12% for U. fasciata) out were comparable to FAO/WHO requirements. Leucine, valine, isoleucine, and lysine are the dominant EAAs in C. racemosa, while leucine, valine, lysine, and phenylalanine are those in U. fasciata. The fatty acid profiles are dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in C. racemosa (56.2%), while saturated fatty acids (72.1%) are dominant in U. fasciata. High C18/C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios were recorded in both species. Mineral contents for both seaweeds were within levels considered safe for functional foods. Total pigment content of C. racemosa (140.84 mg/g dw) was almost 20 times higher than that of U. fasciata (7.54 mg/g dw). Hot water extract (HWE) from C. racemosa showed in vitro antiherpetic activity without cytotoxicity. Nutritional characteristics confirmed that C. racemosa could be potentially used as a nutritious and functional food items for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexie P. Magdugo
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EA3884, UBS, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; (R.P.M.); (N.T.); (M.L.); (H.P.-C.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Nolwenn Terme
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EA3884, UBS, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; (R.P.M.); (N.T.); (M.L.); (H.P.-C.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Marie Lang
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EA3884, UBS, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; (R.P.M.); (N.T.); (M.L.); (H.P.-C.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Hugo Pliego-Cortés
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EA3884, UBS, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; (R.P.M.); (N.T.); (M.L.); (H.P.-C.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Christel Marty
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EA3884, UBS, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; (R.P.M.); (N.T.); (M.L.); (H.P.-C.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Anicia Q. Hurtado
- Integrated Services for the Development of Aquaculture and Fisheries (ISDA) Inc., MacArthur Highway, Tabuc Suba, Jaro, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
| | - Gilles Bedoux
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EA3884, UBS, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; (R.P.M.); (N.T.); (M.L.); (H.P.-C.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Nathalie Bourgougnon
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EA3884, UBS, IUEM, F-56000 Vannes, France; (R.P.M.); (N.T.); (M.L.); (H.P.-C.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
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Ganesan AR, Tiwari U, Rajauria G. Seaweed nutraceuticals and their therapeutic role in disease prevention. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ulva lactuca, A Source of Troubles and Potential Riches. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060357. [PMID: 31207947 PMCID: PMC6627311 DOI: 10.3390/md17060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulva lactuca is a green macro alga involved in devastating green tides observed worldwide. These green tides or blooms are a consequence of human activities. Ulva blooms occur mainly in shallow waters and the decomposition of this alga can produce dangerous vapors. Ulva lactuca is a species usually resembling lettuce, but genetic analyses demonstrated that other green algae with tubular phenotypes were U. lactuca clades although previously described as different species or even genera. The capacity for U. lactuca to adopt different phenotypes can be due to environment parameters, such as the degree of water salinity or symbiosis with bacteria. No efficient ways have been discovered to control these green tides, but the Mediterranean seas appear to be protected from blooms, which disappear rapidly in springtime. Ulva contains commercially valuable components, such as bioactive compounds, food or biofuel. The biomass due to this alga collected on beaches every year is beginning to be valorized to produce valuable compounds. This review describes different processes and strategies developed to extract these different valuable components.
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