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Lavrinovičs A, Mežule L, Cacivkins P, Juhna T. Optimizing phosphorus removal for municipal wastewater post-treatment with Chlorella vulgaris. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116313. [PMID: 36191504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The microalgal species Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in batch conditions to identify the optimum set of initial conditions for the best biomass growth rate, phosphate removal, polyphosphate accumulation, and protein productivity. To study the effect of phosphorus deficiency caused stress, the microalgal biomass was exposed to phosphorus deficiency conditions for periods varying between 1 and 10 days and inoculated at different initial biomass and phosphate concentrations. A 10-day period of phosphate deficiency, supported by low initial biomass concentration (∼0.25 mg DW L-1), increased the phosphate removal by 62-175% when compared to the reference conditions. A 10-day period of biomass P-deficiency also boosted the polyphosphate accumulation and protein productivity, increasing them up to 40 and 46.8 times, respectively, if compared to reference conditions. At the same time, optimization algorithm model results suggested one-day biomass P-starvation with low initial biomass concentration as the optimum combination to achieve the highest performance while the initial phosphate concentration had less impact. The initial conditions suggested by the optimization model were validated in a sequencing batch photobioreactor, giving 101.7 and 138.0% more phosphate removal and polyphosphate accumulation, compared to the reference conditions. The obtained results present microalgae exposure to phosphorus stress as a supplementary tool for wastewater post-treatment targeted on rapid phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigars Lavrinovičs
- Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Riga Technical University, Ķīpsalas 6a, Rīga, LV-1048, Latvia.
| | - Linda Mežule
- Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Riga Technical University, Ķīpsalas 6a, Rīga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Pāvels Cacivkins
- Exponential Technologies Ltd, Dzērbenes 14, Rīga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Tālis Juhna
- Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Riga Technical University, Ķīpsalas 6a, Rīga, LV-1048, Latvia
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Lab-scale photobioreactor systems: principles, applications, and scalability. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:791-813. [PMID: 35303143 PMCID: PMC9033726 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms that convert carbon dioxide are being explored for their capacity to solve different environmental issues and produce bioactive compounds for human therapeutics and as food additives. Full-scale phototrophic cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria can be done in open ponds or closed photobioreactor systems, which have a broad range of volumes. This review focuses on laboratory-scale photobioreactors and their different designs. Illuminated microtiter plates and microfluidic devices offer an option for automated high-throughput studies with microalgae. Illuminated shake flasks are used for simple uncontrolled batch studies. The application of illuminated bubble column reactors strongly emphasizes homogenous gas distribution, while illuminated flat plate bioreactors offer high and uniform light input. Illuminated stirred-tank bioreactors facilitate the application of very well-defined reaction conditions. Closed tubular photobioreactors as well as open photobioreactors like small-scale raceway ponds and thin-layer cascades are applied as scale-down models of the respective large-scale bioreactors. A few other less common designs such as illuminated plastic bags or aquarium tanks are also used mainly because of their relatively low cost, but up-scaling of these designs is challenging with additional light-driven issues. Finally, this review covers recommendations on the criteria for photobioreactor selection and operation while up-scaling of phototrophic bioprocesses with microalgae or cyanobacteria.
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Ye Q, Cai Q, Wu X. Enhancing the flow field in parallel spiral-flow column photobioreactor to improve CO 2 fixation with Spirulina sp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149314. [PMID: 34358739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A parallel spiral-flow column photobioreactor (PSCP) composed of eight spiral-flow columns, and two pipe headers was designed for scale-up cultivation of microalgae to capture CO2. To solve the disturbance of spiral flow fields among parallel columns, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to optimize the main structural parameters, such as the number and the height of microalgae solution outlet (MSO), to improve flow field structure and enhance the cells' light/dark cycle. The horizontal velocity in the direction of optical path and the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) reached the peak values of 0.214 m/s and 5.28 m2/s2 when MSO number was four and MSO height was 1.05 m. Meanwhile, the disturbance of the spiral flow field among parallel columns are minimum, and microalgae light/dark cycle frequency was 33.3% higher than that of conventional bubble column photobioreactor. Therefore, the biomass yield and CO2 fixation rate of microalgae increased by 81.5% and 100.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yingshi Zhang
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qing Ye
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Qilin Cai
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China
| | - Xi Wu
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Yaqoubnejad P, Rad HA, Taghavijeloudar M. Development a novel hexagonal airlift flat plate photobioreactor for the improvement of microalgae growth that simultaneously enhance CO 2 bio-fixation and wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113482. [PMID: 34385116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel hexagonal airlift flat plate (HAFP) photobioreactor was designed to improve microalgae growth rate and compared with traditional flat plate (TFP) photobioreactor. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to determine hydrodynamic parameters and optimal aeration rate in the photobioreactors. Additionally, the capability of the HAFP photobioreactor to enhance microalgae based CO2 bio-fixation and wastewater treatment were investigated. The results of CFD simulation indicated that the HAFP photobioreactor could improve hydrodynamic parameters of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), average fluid velocity, dead zone (DZ), and water shear stress (WSS) up to 78 %, 41 %, 44 % and 40 %, respectively, under optimal aeration rate of 0.6 vvm. The proposed HAFP photobioreactor showed a drastic improvement in microalgae growth (up to 61 %). The maximum CO2 removal of 53.8 % and bio-fixation of 0.85 g L-1 d-1 were achieved in the HAFP photobioreactor which were approximately 70 % more than that in the TFP photobioreactor. The results suggested that the HAFP photobioreactor could accelerate nutrients removal and achieve remarkably higher efficiencies of 91 %, 99 %, 97 % and 93 % of ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) within seven days of cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poone Yaqoubnejad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini Rad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-7313, Babol, Iran; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744, Seoul, South Korea.
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Huang J, Chu R, Chang T, Cheng P, Jiang J, Yao T, Zhou C, Liu T, Ruan R. Modeling and improving arrayed microalgal biofilm attached culture system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:124931. [PMID: 33812139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A microalgal biofilm-attached-system is an alternative cultivation method, that offers potential advantages of improved biomass productivity, efficient harvesting, and water saving. These biofilm systems have been widely tested and utilized for microalgal biomass production and wastewater treatment. This research a microalgal growth model for the biofilm attached culture system has been developed and experimentally validated, both, in single and arrayed biofilm systems. It has been shown that the model has the capability to accurately describe microalgae growth. Moreover, via the model simulation, it was observed that system structural parameters, light dilution rate, and light intensity significantly affected the culture performance. The limitations, and improvement aspects of the model, are also discussed in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a mathematical model for an arrayed-biofilm-attached-system has been developed and validated. This model will certainly be helpful in the design, improvement, optimization, and evaluation of the biofilm-attached-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Bioresource Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Ruirui Chu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ting Chang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Jingshun Jiang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Bioresource Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Bioresource Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Yan C, Wang Z, Wu X, Wen S, Yu J, Cong W. Outdoor cultivation of Chlorella sp. in an improved thin-film flat-plate photobioreactor in desertification areas. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:619-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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