Predictive model of algal biofuel production based on experimental data

Machine learning in microalgae biotechnology for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, applications, and prospects

This review explores the critical role of machine learning (ML) in enhancing microalgae bioprocesses for sustainable biofuel production. It addresses both technical and economic challenges in commercializing microalgal biofuels and examines how ML can optimize various stages, including identification, classification, cultivation, harvesting, drying, and conversion to biofuels. This review also highlights the integration of ML with technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time monitoring and management of bioprocesses. It discusses the adaptability and flexibility of ML in the context of microalgae biotechnology, focusing on diverse algorithms such as Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, and Random Forests, while emphasizing the importance of data collection and preparation. Additionally, current ML applications in microalgae biofuel production are reviewed, including strain selection, growth optimization, system monitoring, and lipid extraction.

Recent advances in CO2 fixation by microalgae and its potential contribution to carbon neutrality

Many countries and regions have set their schedules to achieve the carbon neutrality between 2030 and 2070. Microalgae are capable of efficiently fixing CO₂ and simultaneously producing biomass for multiple applications, which is considered one of the most promising pathways for carbon capture and utilization. This work reviews the current research on microalgae CO₂ fixation technologies and the challenges faced by the related industries and government agencies. The technoeconomic analysis indicates that cultivation is the major cost factor. Use of waste resources such as wastewater and flue gas can significantly reduce the costs and carbon footprints. The life cycle assessment has identified fossil-based electricity use as the major contributor to the global warming potential of microalgae-based CO₂ fixation approach. Substantial efforts and investments are needed to identify and bridge the gaps among the microalgae strain development, cultivation conditions and systems, and use of renewable resources and energy.