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Lopes VFD, Alves JLF, da Silva ER, Marques JDAO, Melo DMDA, Melo MADF, Braga RM. Catalytic flash pyrolysis for recovery of gasoline-range hydrocarbons from electric cable residue using a low-cost natural catalyst: An analytical Py-GC/MS study. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 186:188-197. [PMID: 38909442 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This investigation's novelty and objective reside in exploring catalytic flash pyrolysis of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) plastic residue in the presence of kaolin, with the perspective of achieving sustainable production of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Through proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and heating value determination, this study also assessed the energy-related characteristics of cross-linked polyethylene plastic residue, revealing its potential as an energy source (44.58 MJ kg-1) and suitable raw material for pyrolysis due to its low ash content and high volatile matter content. To understand the performance as a low-cost catalyst in the flash pyrolysis of cross-linked polyethylene plastic residue, natural kaolin was subjected to characterization through thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Cross-linked polyethylene plastic residue was subjected to thermal and catalytic pyrolysis in an analytical microreactor coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS system), operating at 500 °C, to characterize the distribution and composition of volatile reaction products. The application of kaolin as a catalyst resulted in a decline of the relative concentration of hydrocarbons in the diesel range (C8-C24) from approximately 87 % to 28 %, and a reduction in lubricating oils (C14-C50) from about 70 % to 13 %, while concomitantly increasing the relative concentration of lighter hydrocarbons in the gasoline range (C8-C12) from around 28 % to 87 %. Therefore, catalytic flash pyrolysis offers the potential for converting this plastic waste into a new and abundant chemical source of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. This process can be deemed viable and sustainable for managing and valorizing cross-linked polyethylene plastic residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Fernandes Dias Lopes
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59075-000 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Francisco Alves
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59075-000 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Renewable Energy Engineering (DEER), Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Edyjancleide Rodrigues da Silva
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59075-000 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Júlio de Andrade Oliveira Marques
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59075-000 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Agricultural School of Jundiaí (EAJ), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59280-000 Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59075-000 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59075-000 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Renata Martins Braga
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59075-000 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Agricultural School of Jundiaí (EAJ), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59280-000 Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Marques JDAO, Alves JLF, de Oliveira GP, Melo DMDA, de Melo Viana GAC, Braga RM. Catalytic flash pyrolysis of Scenedesmus sp. post-extraction residue using low-cost HZSM-5 catalyst with the perspective to produce renewable aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18785-18796. [PMID: 38349495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recovering renewable chemicals from de-fatted microalgal residue derived from lipid extraction within the algal-derived biofuel sector is crucial, given the rising significance of microalgal-derived biodiesel as a potential substitute for petroleum-based liquid fuels. As a circular economy strategy, effective valorization of de-fatted biomass significantly improves the energetic and economic facets of establishing a sustainable algal-derived biofuel industry. In this scenario, this study investigates flash catalytic pyrolysis as a sustainable pathway for valorizing Scenedesmus sp. post-extraction residue (SPR), potentially yielding a bio-oil enriched with upgraded characteristics, especially renewable aromatic hydrocarbons. In the scope of this study, volatile products from catalytic and non-catalytic flash pyrolysis were characterized using a micro-furnace type temperature programmable pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection (Py-GC/MS). Flash pyrolysis of SPR resulted in volatile products with elevated oxygen and nitrogen compounds with concentrations of 46.4% and 26.4%, respectively. In contrast, flash pyrolysis of lyophilized microalgal biomass resulted in lower concentrations of these compounds, with 40.9% oxygen and 17.3% nitrogen. Upgrading volatile pyrolysis products from SPR led to volatile products comprised of only hydrocarbons, while completely removing oxygen and nitrogen-containing compounds. This was achieved by utilizing a low-cost HZSM-5 catalyst within a catalytic bed at 500 °C. Catalytic experiments also indicate the potential conversion of SPR into a bio-oil rich in monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, primarily BETX, with toluene comprising over one-third of its composition, thus presenting a sustainable pathway for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil derived from SPR. Another significant finding was that 97.8% of the hydrocarbon fraction fell within the gasoline range (C5-C12), and 35.5% fell within the jet fuel range (C8-C16). Thus, flash catalytic pyrolysis of SPR exhibits significant promise for application in drop-in biofuel production, including green gasoline and bio-jet fuel, aligning with the principles of the circular economy, green chemistry, and bio-refinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luiz Francisco Alves
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-900, Brazil.
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59075-000, Brazil.
| | - Gislane Pinho de Oliveira
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59075-000, Brazil
| | - Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59075-000, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Martins Braga
- Agricultural School of Jundiaí (EAJ), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Macaíba, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59280-000, Brazil
- Environmental Technology Laboratory (LabTam), Primary Processing and Reuse of Produced Water and Residues Center (NUPPRAR), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59075-000, Brazil
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Abstract
The continuing increase in population means an increasing demand for products and services, resulting in huge amounts of waste being discharged into the environment. Therefore, waste management requires the application of new and innovative solutions. One new approach involves converting waste into value-added chemicals and products for use directly or after further processing into higher value-added products. These processes include biological, thermochemical, and physiochemical methods. Furthermore, biosolids, including treated sewage sludge (SS), represent one of the major by-products of human activities, constituting a major environmental hazard and requiring the treatment of contaminated wastewater with associated health hazards. Sustainable solutions to manage and dispose of this type of waste are required. In this review, pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion technology, is explored to convert biosolids to biochars. The review addresses previous studies, by providing a critical discussion on the present status of biosolids processing, the potential for energy recovery from the pyrolysis bio-oil and biogas, and finally some benefits of the production of biochars from biosolids.
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