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Kidgell JT, Glasson CRK, Magnusson M, Sims IM, Hinkley SFR, de Nys R, Carnachan SM. Ulvans are not equal - Linkage and substitution patterns in ulvan polysaccharides differ with Ulva morphology. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121962. [PMID: 38494219 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Ulva are hardy green seaweeds that contain the sulfated polysaccharide ulvan and grow in two distinct morphologies: foliose and tubular. The authors hypothesise that ulvan from tubular species are more structurally complex than ulvans from foliose species. Herein, using standardised methods, the glycosyl linkage positions and sulfate ester substitutions of constituent monosaccharides of ulvan isolated from foliose (U. lacinulata and U. stenophylloides) and tubular (U. prolifera and U. ralfsii) species of Ulva were investigated. Comparison of native ulvans with 80 and 100 °C desulfated counterparts indicated that 4-linked rhamnose is predominantly 3-O-sulfated in all four ulvans. Ulvans from the foliose species predominantly contained →3,4)-Rhap-(1→, →4)-GlcAp-(1→ and →4)-IdoAp-(1→, collectively accounting for 67 to 81 mol% of the total linkages. In contrast, these same linkages in ulvans from the tubular species only collectively accounted for 29 to 36 mol%. Instead, ulvan from tubular species contained a combination of →2,3,4)-Rhap-(1→, terminal Rhap-(1→, →4)-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-Xylp-(1→, and/or →4)-Galp-(1→ in high proportions; some of the latter three residues were also likely O-2 sulfated. The results presented here suggest that ulvan from foliose species are predominantly unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeat disaccharides while ulvans from tubular species contain a greater diversity of branch and sulfate substitution locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Kidgell
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | | | - Marie Magnusson
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Rocky de Nys
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
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Fort A, Monteiro JP, Simon C, Rosário Domingues M, Sulpice R. Short term decreases in salinity, combined with the right choice of species, can allow for a more nutritious sea lettuce lipid profile. Food Chem 2024; 437:137865. [PMID: 37918163 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The sea lettuce Ulva spp is becoming an increasingly important macroalgae for aquaculture. Sea lettuce can be grown on- and off-shore, displays high growth rates, and its biomass possesses attractive nutritional benefits. Among those are their fatty acids (FA) and lipid profiles, rich in omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) as well as bioactive lipids. In order to tailor those properties for food applications, we explored the use of a short-term (seven days) low salinity treatment to modulate the lipid profile of two species of Ulva. We found large quantitative differences between species, and while a low-salinity treatment negatively affected growth, Ulva australis' lipid profile was positively impacted. Total FA particularly ɷ-3 PUFAs, increased three-fold, as well as most polar lipid species including known bioactive compounds. This study highlights profound differences between species and describes a simple method to increase the nutritional properties of Ulva biomass for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fort
- Dept. of Bioveterinary and Microbial Sciences, Technological University of The Shannon: Midlands, Athlone, Co. Roscommon, Ireland; Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute & MaREI Centre for Marine, Climate and Energy, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - João P Monteiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Clara Simon
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute & MaREI Centre for Marine, Climate and Energy, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute & MaREI Centre for Marine, Climate and Energy, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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De Saeger J, Coulembier Vandelannoote E, Lee H, Park J, Blomme J. Genome editing in macroalgae: advances and challenges. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1380682. [PMID: 38516199 PMCID: PMC10955705 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1380682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This minireview examines the current state and challenges of genome editing in macroalgae. Despite the ecological and economic significance of this group of organisms, genome editing has seen limited applications. While CRISPR functionality has been established in two brown (Ectocarpus species 7 and Saccharina japonica) and one green seaweed (Ulva prolifera), these studies are limited to proof-of-concept demonstrations. All studies also (co)-targeted ADENINE PHOSPHORIBOSYL TRANSFERASE to enrich for mutants, due to the relatively low editing efficiencies. To advance the field, there should be a focus on advancing auxiliary technologies, particularly stable transformation, so that novel editing reagents can be screened for their efficiency. More work is also needed on understanding DNA repair in these organisms, as this is tightly linked with the editing outcomes. Developing efficient genome editing tools for macroalgae will unlock the ability to characterize their genes, which is largely uncharted terrain. Moreover, given their economic importance, genome editing will also impact breeding campaigns to develop strains that have better yields, produce more commercially valuable compounds, and show improved resilience to the impacts of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas De Saeger
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Emma Coulembier Vandelannoote
- Department of Biology, Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hojun Lee
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Park
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Department of Biology, Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Present and Future of Seaweed Cultivation and Its Applications in Colombia. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Colombia has a diverse range of marine ecosystems in the coastal and insular areas of the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Seaweed research has focused mainly on the identification and taxonomic distribution of 628 species identified so far, mainly in the Caribbean Sea. Among the most widely cultivated genera of seaweeds in open-sea pilot systems in Colombia are Hydropuntia, Gracilaria, Hypnea, Kappaphycus, and Eucheuma. These genera have shown low yields as a consequence of high tissue fragility, epiphytism, sedimentation, and nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the evaluation of the biological activity of selected seaweed compounds has advanced considerably, focusing on their composition and their use for direct consumption by humans and animals. Despite the diversity of seaweeds, as well as certain technical and scientific advances, Colombia is still lagging behind other countries in seaweed exploitation, both in Latin America and worldwide. This current status raises the need to increase research, technological (agro-tech) appropriation, and the adoption of effective public policies that will boost algal businesses. In addition, seaweed cultivation could support the current blue economy transition in Colombia, which could eventually allow the country to enter the global seaweed market.
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Hiraoka M. Massive Ulva Green Tides Caused by Inhibition of Biomass Allocation to Sporulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112482. [PMID: 34834845 PMCID: PMC8622161 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The green seaweed Ulva spp. constitute major primary producers in marine coastal ecosystems. Some Ulva populations have declined in response to ocean warming, whereas others cause massive blooms as a floating form of large thalli mostly composed of uniform somatic cells even under high temperature conditions-a phenomenon called "green tide". Such differences in population responses can be attributed to the fate of cells between alternative courses, somatic cell division (vegetative growth), and sporic cell division (spore production). In the present review, I attempt to link natural population dynamics to the findings of physiological in vitro research. Consequently, it is elucidated that the inhibition of biomass allocation to sporulation is an important key property for Ulva to cause a huge green tide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hiraoka
- Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, Inoshiri, Usa, Tosa, Kochi 781-1164, Japan
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Sato Y, Kinoshita Y, Mogamiya M, Inomata E, Hoshino M, Hiraoka M. Different Growth and Sporulation Responses to Temperature Gradient among Obligate Apomictic Strains of Ulva prolifera. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112256. [PMID: 34834619 PMCID: PMC8617885 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The green macroalga Ulva prolifera has a number of variants, some of which are asexual (independent from sexual variants). Although it has been harvested for food, the yield is decreasing. To meet market demand, developing elite cultivars is required. The present study investigated the genetic stability of asexual variants, genotype (hsp90 gene sequences) and phenotype variations across a temperature gradient (10–30 °C) in an apomictic population. Asexual variants were collected from six localities in Japan and were isolated as an unialgal strain. The hsp90 gene sequences of six strains were different and each strain included multiple distinct alleles, suggesting that the strains were diploid and heterozygous. The responses of growth and sporulation versus temperature differed among strains. Differences in thermosensitivity among strains could be interpreted as the result of evolution and processes of adaptation to site-specific environmental conditions. Although carbon content did not differ among strains and cultivation temperatures, nitrogen content tended to increase at higher temperatures and there were differences among strains. A wide variety of asexual variants stably reproducing clonally would be advantageous in selecting elite cultivars for long-term cultivation. Using asexual variants as available resources for elite cultivars provides potential support for increasing the productivity of U. prolifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sato
- Bio-Resources Business Development Division, Riken Food Co., Ltd., Miyagi 985-0844, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.M.); (E.I.)
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (M.H.); Tel.: +81-22-395-4226 (Y.S.); +81-88-856-0426 (M.H.)
| | - Yutaro Kinoshita
- Bio-Resources Business Development Division, Riken Food Co., Ltd., Miyagi 985-0844, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.M.); (E.I.)
- Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, Kochi 781-1164, Japan
| | - Miho Mogamiya
- Bio-Resources Business Development Division, Riken Food Co., Ltd., Miyagi 985-0844, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.M.); (E.I.)
| | - Eri Inomata
- Bio-Resources Business Development Division, Riken Food Co., Ltd., Miyagi 985-0844, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.M.); (E.I.)
| | - Masakazu Hoshino
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Masanori Hiraoka
- Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, Kochi 781-1164, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (M.H.); Tel.: +81-22-395-4226 (Y.S.); +81-88-856-0426 (M.H.)
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Kidgell JT, Carnachan SM, Magnusson M, Lawton RJ, Sims IM, Hinkley SFR, de Nys R, Glasson CRK. Are all ulvans equal? A comparative assessment of the chemical and gelling properties of ulvan from blade and filamentous Ulva. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118010. [PMID: 33910714 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Green seaweeds of the genus Ulva are rich in the bioactive sulfated polysaccharide ulvan. Herein we characterise ulvan from Ulva species collected from the Bay of Plenty, Aotearoa New Zealand. Using standardised procedures, we quantified, characterised, and compared ulvans from blade (U. australis, U. rigida, U. sp. B, and Ulva sp.) and filamentous (U. flexuosa, U. compressa, U. prolifera, and U. ralfsii) Ulva species. There were distinct differences in composition and structure of ulvans between morphologies. Ulvan isolated from blade species had higher yields (14.0-19.3 %) and iduronic acid content (IdoA = 7-18 mol%), and lower molecular weight (Mw = 190-254 kDa) and storage moduli (G' = 0.1-6.6 Pa) than filamentous species (yield = 7.2-14.6 %; IdoA = 4-7 mol%; Mw = 260-406 kDa; G' = 22.7-74.2 Pa). These results highlight the variability of the physicochemical properties of ulvan from different Ulva sources, and identifies a morphology-based division within the genus Ulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Kidgell
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia.
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Marie Magnusson
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca J Lawton
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia.
| | - Christopher R K Glasson
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, 3110, New Zealand.
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