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Arias DM, Olvera Vargas P, Vidal Sánchez AN, Olvera-Vargas H. Integrating electro-Fenton and microalgae for the sustainable management of real food processing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142372. [PMID: 38768783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of a two-step process consisting of Electro-Fenton (EF) followed by microalgae to treat highly loaded real food processing wastewater along with resource recovery. In the first step, EF with a carbon felt cathode and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anode was applied at different current densities (3.16 mA cm-2, 4.74 mA cm-2 and 6.32 mA cm-2) to decrease the amount of organic matter and turbidity and enhance biodegradability. In the second step, the EF effluents were submitted to microalgal treatment for 15 days using a mixed culture dominated by Scenedesmus sp., Chlorosarcinopsis sp., and Coelastrum sp. Results showed that current density impacted the amount of COD removed by EF, achieving the highest COD removal of 77.5% at 6.32 mA cm-2 with >95% and 74.3% of TSS and PO43- removal, respectively. With respect to microalgae, the highest COD removal of 85% was obtained by the culture in the EF effluent treated at 6.32 mA cm-2. Remarkably, not only 85% of the remaining organic matter was removed by microalgae, but also the totality of inorganic N and P compounds, as well as 65% of the Fe catalyst that was left after EF. The removal of inorganic species also demonstrates the high complementarity of both processes, since EF does not have the capacity to remove such compounds, while microalgae do not grow in the raw wastewater. Furthermore, a maximum of 0.8 g L-1 of biomass was produced after cultivation, with an accumulation of 32.2% of carbohydrates and 25.9% of lipids. The implementation of the two processes represents a promising sustainable approach for the management of industrial effluents, incorporating EF in a water and nutrient recycling system to produce biomass that could be valorized into clean fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce María Arias
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - Patricia Olvera Vargas
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - Andrea Noemí Vidal Sánchez
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico.
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Fekete G, Sebők A, Klátyik S, Varga ZI, Grósz J, Czinkota I, Székács A, Aleksza L. Comparative Analysis of Laboratory-Based and Spectroscopic Methods Used to Estimate the Algal Density of Chlorella vulgaris. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1050. [PMID: 38930433 PMCID: PMC11205756 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris is of great importance in numerous exploratory or industrial applications (e.g., medicals, food, and feed additives). Rapid quantification of algal biomass is crucial in photobioreactors for the optimization of nutrient management and the estimation of production. The main goal of this study is to provide a simple, rapid, and not-resource-intensive estimation method for determining the algal density of C. vulgaris according to the measured parameters using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Comparative assessment measurements were conducted with seven different methods (e.g., filtration, evaporation, chlorophyll a extraction, and detection of optical density and fluorescence) to determine algal biomass. By analyzing the entire spectra of diluted algae samples, optimal wavelengths were determined through a stepwise series of linear regression analyses by a novel correlation scanning method, facilitating accurate parameter estimation. Nonlinear formulas for spectrometry-based estimation processes were derived for each parameter. As a result, a general formula for biomass concentration estimation was developed, with recommendations for suitable measuring devices based on algae concentration levels. New values for magnesium content and the average single-cell weight of C. vulgaris were established, in addition to the development of a rapid, semiautomated cell counting method, improving efficiency and accuracy in algae quantification for cultivation and biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Fekete
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - András Sebők
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Szandra Klátyik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Zsolt István Varga
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - János Grósz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Imre Czinkota
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - András Székács
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
| | - László Aleksza
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.F.); (A.S.); (S.K.); (Z.I.V.); (J.G.); (I.C.); (L.A.)
- Profikomp Environmental Technologies Inc., Kühne Ede u. 7, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Ravindiran G, Rajamanickam S, Ramalingam M, Hayder G, Sathaiah BK, Gaddam MKR, Muniasamy SK, Arunkumar P. Conversion of seaweed waste to biochar for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution: A sustainable method to address eutrophication problem in water bodies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117551. [PMID: 37939801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the sustainable approach for wastewater treatment using waste algal blooms. The current study investigated the removal of toxic metals namely chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions in batch and column studies using biochar produced by the marine algae Ulva reticulata. SEM/EDX, FTIR, and XRD were used to examine the adsorbents' properties and stability. The removal efficiency of toxic metals in batch operations was investigated by varying the parameters, which included pH, biochar dose, initial metal ion concentration, and contact time. Similarly, in the column study, the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions was investigated by varying bed height, flow rate, and initial metal ion concentration. Response Surface Methodology (Central Composite Design (CCD)) was used to confirm the linearity between the observed and estimated values of the adsorption quantity. The packed bed column demonstrated successful removal rates of 90.38% for Cr, 91.23% for Ni, and 89.92% for Zn heavy metals from aqueous solutions, under a controlled environment. The breakthrough analysis also shows that the Thomas and Adams-Bohart models best fit the regression values, allowing prior breakthroughs in the packed bed column to be predicted. Desorption studies were conducted to understand sorption and elution during different regeneration cycles. Adding 0.3 N sulfuric acid over 40 min resulted in the highest desorption rate of the column and adsorbent used for all three metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokulan Ravindiran
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, 500090, Telangana, India.
| | - Sivarethinamohan Rajamanickam
- Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies (Constituent of Symbiosis International Deemed University), Bengaluru, 560 100, Karnataka, India.
| | - Muralikrishnan Ramalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jei Mathaajee College of Engineering, Kanchipuram, 631 552, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gasim Hayder
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Balamurugan Karupaiya Sathaiah
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengulpattu, 603308, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | - Senthil Kumar Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpattu, 603308, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Priya Arunkumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India.
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Su Z, Jalalah M, Alsareii SA, Harraz FA, Almadiy AA, Wang L, Thakur N, Salama ES. Supplementation of micro-nutrients to growth media of microalgae-induced biomass and fatty acids composition for clean energy generation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:12. [PMID: 37953333 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of harmful heavy metals (HMs) in the aquatic environment can damage the environment and threaten human health. Traditional remediation techniques can have secondary impacts. Thus, more sustainable approaches must be developed. Microalgae have biological properties (such as high photosynthetic efficiency and growth), which are of great advantage in the HMs removal. In this study, the effect of various concentrations (2×, 4×, and 6×) of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and zinc (Zn) on microalgae (C. sorokiniana GEEL-01, P. kessleri GEEL-02, D. asymmetricus GEEL-05) was investigated. The microalgal growth kinetics, HMs removal, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphor (TP), and fatty acids (FAs) compositions were analyzed. The highest growth of 1.474 OD680nm and 1.348 OD680nm was obtained at 2× and 4×, respectively, for P. kessleri GEEL-02. P. kessleri GEEL-02 showed high removal efficiency of Cu, Co, and Zn (38.92-55.44%), (36.27-68.38%), and (32.94-51.71%), respectively. Fatty acids (FAs) analysis showed that saturated FAs in C. sorokiniana GEEL-01 and P. kessleri GEEL-02 increased at 2× and 4× concentrations while decreasing at 6×. For P. kessleri GEEL-02, the properties of biodiesel including the degree of unsaturation (UD) and cetane value (CN) increased at 2×, 4×, and 6× as compared to the control. Thus, this study demonstrated that the three microalgae (particularly P. kessleri GEEL-02) are more suitable for nutrient and HMs removal coupled with biomass/biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed A Alsareii
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A Harraz
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah, 68342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman A Almadiy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nandini Thakur
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Akl FMA, Ahmed SI, El-Sheekh MM, Makhlof MEM. Bioremediation of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals from wastewater using seaweeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104814-104832. [PMID: 37713082 PMCID: PMC10567841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The removal of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals from wastewater using three dried seaweeds Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus (green alga), Sargassum latifolium (Turner) C.Agardh (brown alga), and Corallina officinalis Kützing (red alga) has been shown to evaluate their potential usage as inexpensive adsorbents. Under natural environmental conditions, numerous analytical methods, including zeta potential, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), SEM, and FT-IR, are used in this study. The results showed that n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption increased with increasing contact time for all three selected algae, with a large removal observed after 15 days, while the optimal contact time for heavy metal removal was 3 h. S. latifolium dry biomass had more potential as bioadsorbent, followed by C. officinalis and then U. intestinalis. S. latifolium attained removal percentages of 65.14%, 72.50%, and 78.92% for light n-alkanes, heavy n-alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively, after 15 days. Furthermore, it achieved removal percentages of 94.14, 92.62, 89.54, 87.54, 82.76, 80.95, 77.78, 73.02, and 71.62% for Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cr, Pb, Cd, Mn, and Ni, respectively, after 3 h. Carboxyl and hydroxyl from FTIR analysis took part in wastewater treatment. The zeta potentials revealed that algal cells have a negatively charged surface, and the cell surface of S. latifolium has a more negative surface charge than U. intestinalis and C. officinalis. Our study suggests that seaweeds could play an important role in wastewater treatment and thus help as an economical, effective, and ecofriendly bioremediation system for ecological health and life protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza M A Akl
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Suzan I Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mofida E M Makhlof
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Bernard E, Guéguen C. Molecular changes in phenolic compounds in Euglena gracilis cells grown under metal stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1099375. [PMID: 37229138 PMCID: PMC10203486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1099375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal presence in the aquatic ecosystem has increased and diversified over the last decades due to anthropogenic sources. These contaminants cause abiotic stress on living organisms that lead to the production of oxidizing molecules. Phenolic compounds are part of the defense mechanisms countering metal toxicity. In this study, the production of phenolic compounds by Euglena gracilis under three different metal stressors (i.e. cadmium, copper, or cobalt) at sub-lethal concentration was assessed using an untargeted metabolomic approach by mass spectrometry combined with neuronal network analysis (i.e. Cytoscape). The metal stress had a greater impact on molecular diversity than on the number of phenolic compounds. The prevalence of sulfur- and nitrogen-rich phenolic compounds were found in Cd- and Cu-amended cultures. Together these results confirm the impact of metallic stress on phenolic compounds production, which could be utilized to assess the metal contamination in natural waters.
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Tambat VS, Patel AK, Chen CW, Raj T, Chang JS, Singhania RR, Dong CD. A sustainable vanadium bioremediation strategy from aqueous media by two potential green microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121247. [PMID: 36764381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, environmental concerns are rapidly growing due to increasing pollution levels. Vanadium is a hazardous heavy metal that poses health issues with an exposure concentration of about 2 ppm. It is regularly discharged by some industries and poses an environmental challenge. There are no sustainable green treatment methods for discharged effluents to mitigate vanadium threats to humans and the environment. In this study, the goal was to develop a green, sustainable method for removing vanadium and to utilize the produced biomass for biofuels, thus offsetting the treatment cost. Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana SU1 and Picochlorum oklahomensis were employed for vanadium (III) treatment. The maximum removal was 25.5 mg L-1 with biomass and lipid yields of 3.0 g L-1 and 884.4 mg L-1 respectively after 14 days of treatment. The vanadium removal capacity by microalgae was further enhanced up to 2-2.7 folds while optimizing the key parameters, pH, and temperature before removing biomass from the liquid phase. FTIR is used to analyse the reactive groups in algal cell walls to confirm vanadium adsorption and to understand the dominant and quantitative interactions. Zeta potential analysis helps to find out the most suitable pH range to facilitate the ionic bonding of biomass and thus maximum vanadium adsorption. This study addresses regulating external factors for enhancing the removal performance during microalgal biomass harvesting, which significantly enhances the removal of vanadium (III) from the aqueous phase. This strategy aims to improve the removal efficiency of microalgal treatment at an industrial scale for the bioremediation of vanadium and other inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sunil Tambat
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Centre, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Tirath Raj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Centre, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan.
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Ghaffar I, Hussain A, Hasan A, Deepanraj B. Microalgal-induced remediation of wastewaters loaded with organic and inorganic pollutants: An overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:137921. [PMID: 36682632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent surge in industrialization has intensified the accumulation of various types of organic and inorganic pollutants due to the illegal dumping of partially and/or untreated wastewater effluents in the environment. The pollutants emitted by several industries pose serious risk to the environment, animals and human beings. Management and diminution of these hazardous organic pollutants have become an incipient research interest. Traditional physiochemical methods are energy intensive and produce secondary pollutants. So, bioremediation via microalgae has appeared to be an eco-friendly and sustainable technique to curb the adverse effects of organic and inorganic contaminants because microalgae can degrade complex organic compounds and convert them into simpler and non-toxic substances without the release of secondary pollutants. Even some of the organic pollutants can be exploited by microalgae as a source of carbon in mixotrophic cultivation. Literature survey has revealed that use of the latest modification techniques for microalgae such as immobilization (on alginate, carrageena and agar), pigment-extraction, and pretreatment (with acids) have enhaced their bioremedial potential. Moreover, microalgal components i.e., biopolymers and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can potentially be exploited in the biosorption of pollutants. Though bioremediation of wastewaters by microalgae is quite well-studied realm but some aspects like structural and functional responses of microalgae toward pollutant derivatives/by-products (formed during biodegradation), use of genetic engineering to improve the tolerance of microalgae against higher concentrations of polluatans, and harvesting cost reduction, and monitoring of parameters at large-scale still need more focus. This review discusses the accumulation of different types of pollutants into the environment through various sources and the mechanisms used by microalgae to degrade commonly occurring organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imania Ghaffar
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hussain
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Hasan
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Balakrishnan Deepanraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
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Carreira ARF, Veloso T, Macário IPE, Pereira JL, Ventura SPM, Passos H, Coutinho JAP. The role of biomass elemental composition and ion-exchange in metal sorption by algae. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137675. [PMID: 36586444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of macroalgae, microalgae and cyanobacteria for metal sorption has been widely reported. Still, there are no studies allowing a direct comparison of the performance of these biomasses, especially while evaluating metal competition. The simultaneous sorption of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ present in a multi-elemental solution by six macroalgae, two microalgae and three cyanobacteria was evaluated. Brown macroalgae were shown to be the most promising biosorbent, with Undaria pinnatifida having a total metal sorption capacity of 0.6 mmol g-1. Overall, macroalgae performed better than microalgae, followed by cyanobacteria. Carboxyl groups were identified as being the main functional groups involved in metal sorption, and all biomass samples were found to be selective to Cu2+. This was linked not only to its higher complexation constant value with relevant functional groups when compared to the remaining metals, but also the Irving-Williams series. The release of K+ and Ca2+ to the aqueous solution during the metal sorption was followed. The obtained results suggest they are readily exchanged with metals in the solution, indicating the occurrence of an ion-exchange mechanism in metal sorption by most biomass. Red macroalgae are an exception to the reported trends, suggesting that their metal sorption mechanism may differ from the other biomass types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R F Carreira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Telma Veloso
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês P E Macário
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana L Pereira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Passos
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Phycoremediation of cashew nut processing wastewater and production of biodiesel using Planktochlorella nurekis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Goh PS, Ahmad NA, Lim JW, Liang YY, Kang HS, Ismail AF, Arthanareeswaran G. Microalgae-Enabled Wastewater Remediation and Nutrient Recovery through Membrane Photobioreactors: Recent Achievements and Future Perspective. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1094. [PMID: 36363649 PMCID: PMC9699475 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of microalgae for wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery answers the call for a circular bioeconomy, which involves waste resource utilization and ecosystem protection. The integration of microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment has been proposed as a promising strategy to tackle the issues of water and energy source depletions. Specifically, microalgae-enabled wastewater treatment offers an opportunity to simultaneously implement wastewater remediation and valuable biomass production. As a versatile technology, membrane-based processes have been increasingly explored for the integration of microalgae-based wastewater remediation. This review provides a literature survey and discussion of recent progressions and achievements made in the development of membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery. The opportunities of using microalgae-based wastewater treatment as an interesting option to manage effluents that contain high levels of nutrients are explored. The innovations made in the design of membrane photobioreactors and their performances are evaluated. The achievements pave a way for the effective and practical implementation of membrane technology in large-scale microalgae-enabled wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Akalili Ahmad
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Yong Yeow Liang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Siang Kang
- Marine Technology Centre, Institute for Vehicle System & Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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Arthrospira platensis as Bioremediator of Rhenium Mono- and Polymetallic Synthetic Effluents. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112109. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhenium is a scarce and highly important metal for industry and technology. In the present study, the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) was used to remove rhenium and related elements (Mo and Cu) from mono- and polymetallic synthetic effluents. Metal ions in different concentrations were added to the culture medium on the first, third, and fifth days of biomass growth, and their uptake by the biomass was traced using ICP-AES technique. The accumulation of rhenium in the biomass was dependent on the chemical composition of the effluents, and the highest uptake of 161 mg/kg was achieved in the Re-Cu system. The presence of rhenium, copper, and molybdenum affected the productivity of Spirulina biomass and its biochemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phycobiliproteins, the content of chlorophyll α and β-carotene). With the growth of biomass in the presence of rhenium or rhenium and molybdenum, a pronounced increase in productivity and protein content was observed. The presence of copper in systems has a negative effect on biomass productivity and biochemical composition. Arthrospira platensis may be of interest as a bioremediator of rhenium-containing effluents of various chemical compositions.
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Blanco-Vieites M, Suárez-Montes D, Hernández Battez A, Rodríguez E. Enhancement of Arthrospira sp. culturing for sulfate removal and mining wastewater bioremediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1116-1126. [PMID: 36263990 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2135680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate content in mining wastewater can reach concentrations over 2,000 mg·L-1, which is considered as a pollutant of concern. In this article, two cyanobacteria species were cultured using highly sulfated wastewater (3,000 mg·L-1) as the culture medium. This investigation aimed to analyze the sulfate bioremediation potential of microalgae while enhancing the uptaking of this pollutant through the design of a novel nutritional medium. The results obtained show the suitability of Arthrospira maxima as a bioremediation organism of sulfated wastewater. The appropriateness of this organism is based on its great growth performance when cultured in this residue, 2.16 times higher than the initial value. Moreover, the initially obtained sulfate reduction, 23.3%, was significantly enhanced to a final removal of 73% (2,247 mg·L-1). In addition, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to evaluate sulfur crystallization. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous works focused on microalgal sulfate removal that have reached such an uptaking rate. Accordingly, this study presents the highest performance on sulfate microalgal bioremediation published to date. Our findings suggest that A. maxima can be cultured for sulfated wastewater bioremediation while showing a removal yield that is theoretically sufficient for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blanco-Vieites
- Neoalgae Micro Seaweeds Products, Calle Carmen Leal Mata, Gijon, Spain
- Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijon, Spain
| | - D Suárez-Montes
- Neoalgae Micro Seaweeds Products, Calle Carmen Leal Mata, Gijon, Spain
| | - A Hernández Battez
- Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijon, Spain
| | - E Rodríguez
- Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijon, Spain
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