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Eichin D, Rahkila J, Li XG, Ekambaram R, Lassfolk R, Leino R, Savolainen J. Mannose receptor independent uptake of transmembrane glycocluster immunostimulant TADM by macrophages. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109166. [PMID: 38815341 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Triacedimannose (TADM) is a synthetic trivalent acetylated glycocluster comprising β-1,2-linked mannobioses that in humans induces TNF in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether uptake of acetylated glycoclusters of such β-1,2-linked mannobioses by human macrophages is dependent on the mannose receptor (CD206) or if it is mediated by transmembrane activation. In mannose receptor blocking assays, monocyte-derived polarized macrophages were incubated with carbohydrate test-compounds and their binding to the mannose receptor was demonstrated as inhibition of FITC-Dextran binding. For 1H NMR spectroscopy, macrophages were incubated with TADM. The cells were collected at 6 and 24 h of incubation, centrifuged and washed twice with PBS. We found dose-dependent blocking of the mannose receptor in macrophage carbohydrate constructs containing free hydroxyl groups, but not by the trivalent acetylated glycocluster molecules. NMR spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that TADM was found in washed cellular pellets after 6-h co-culture, while after 24-h co-culture TADM was no more detectable, suggesting cleavage of the acetyl groups in vitro. The Type 1 immune response enhancing effects of TADM and other, stereochemically and structurally similar, trivalent acetylated glycoclusters may be due to transmembrane uptake of macrophages independent of the mannose receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Eichin
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jani Rahkila
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland.
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ramesh Ekambaram
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland.
| | - Robert Lassfolk
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland.
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland.
| | - Johannes Savolainen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Yu YB, Liu Y, Liang H, Dong X, Yang XY, Li S, Guo Z. A Nanoparticle-Based Anticaries Vaccine Enhances the Persistent Immune Response To Inhibit Streptococcus mutans and Prevent Caries. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0432822. [PMID: 36976019 PMCID: PMC10100722 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04328-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caries vaccines have been identified as a good strategy for the prevention of caries through the mechanism of inoculation against Streptococcus mutans, which is the main etiological bacterium causing caries. Protein antigen c (PAc) of S. mutans has been administered as an anticaries vaccine but shows relatively weak immunogenicity to elicit a low-level immune response. Here, we report a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticle (ZIF-8 NP)-based adjuvant with good biocompatibility, pH responsiveness, and high loading performance for PAc that was used as an anticaries vaccine. In this study, we prepared a ZIF-8@PAc anticaries vaccine and investigated the immune responses and anticaries efficacy induced by this vaccine in vitro and in vivo. ZIF-8 NPs substantially improved the internalization of PAc in lysosomes for further processing and presentation to T lymphocytes. In addition, significantly higher IgG antibody titers, cytokine levels, splenocyte proliferation indices, and percentages of mature dendritic cells (DCs) and central memory T cells were detected in mice subcutaneously immunized with ZIF-8@PAc than in mice subcutaneously immunized with PAc alone. Finally, rats were immunized with ZIF-8@PAc, and ZIF-8@PAc elicited a strong immune response to inhibit colonization by S. mutans and improve prophylactic efficacy against caries. Based on the results, ZIF-8 NPs are promising as an adjuvant for anticaries vaccine development. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus mutans is the main etiologic bacterium of dental caries, whose protein antigen c (PAc) has been administered as an anticaries vaccine. However, the immunogenicity of PAc is relatively weak. To improve the immunogenicity of PAc, ZIF-8 NP was used as an adjuvant, and the immune responses and protective effect elicited by ZIF-8@PAc anticaries vaccine were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The findings will help in prevention of dental caries and provide new insight for the development of anticaries vaccine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Bo Yu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hangeri Liang
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianxin Dong
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha Li
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Guo
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Pali-Schöll I, DeBoer DJ, Alessandri C, Seida AA, Mueller RS, Jensen-Jarolim E. Formulations for Allergen Immunotherapy in Human and Veterinary Patients: New Candidates on the Horizon. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1697. [PMID: 32849594 PMCID: PMC7417425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy is currently the only causal treatment for allergic diseases in human beings and animals. It aims to re-direct the immune system into a tolerogenic or desensitized state. Requirements include clinical efficacy, safety, and schedules optimizing patient or owner compliance. To achieve these goals, specific allergens can be formulated with adjuvants that prolong tissue deposition and support uptake by antigen presenting cells, and/or provide a beneficial immunomodulatory action. Here, we depict adjuvant formulations being investigated for human and veterinary allergen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pali-Schöll
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas J DeBoer
- Dermatology/Allergy Section, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Ahmed Adel Seida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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The Combinations Chitosan-Pam 3CSK 4 and Chitosan-Monophosphoryl Lipid A: Promising Immune-Enhancing Adjuvants for Anticaries Vaccine PAc. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00651-19. [PMID: 31527122 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00651-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that recombinant protein PAc could be administered as an anticaries vaccine. However, the relatively weak immunogenicity of PAc limits its application. In the present study, we investigated the effect of two adjuvant combinations of chitosan plus Pam3CSK4 (chitosan-Pam3CSK4) and of chitosan plus monophosphoryl lipid A (chitosan-MPL) in the immune responses to the PAc protein in vivo and in vitro PAc-chitosan-Pam3CSK4 or PAc-chitosan-MPL promoted significantly higher PAc-specific antibody titers in serum and saliva, inhibited Streptococcus mutans colonization onto the tooth surfaces, and endowed better protection effect with significantly less caries activities than PAc alone. Chitosan-Pam3CSK4 and chitosan-MPL showed no statistically significant differences. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the chitosan-Pam3CSK4 and chitosan-MPL combinations are promising for anticaries vaccine development.
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Lehto M, Wolff H, Leino R, Alenius H, Savolainen J. A novel glycocluster molecule prevents timothy-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. Allergy 2018; 73:1700-1706. [PMID: 29377154 DOI: 10.1111/all.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) effectively alleviates type I allergic diseases characterized by T helper (Th)2-type immunity. Our recent studies have shown that a synthetic trivalent glycocluster, triacedimannose (TADM), suppresses the Th2-type allergic inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare TADM with two well-known adjuvants, unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in a grass allergen-induced chronic allergic inflammation model in mice. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized with 50 μL of timothy grass pollen extract (TE) twice a week for a period of 15 weeks. Therapeutic intranasal treatments were then performed once a week after the tenth intranasal TE instillation using TADM (10 or 25 μg/50 μL), CpG-ODN (20 μg/50 μL) or MPLA (2 μg/50 μL). Groups of 9-10 animals per treatment were killed 24 hours after the last timothy dosage. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and lung biopsies were taken for subsequent analysis. RESULTS When mice were repeatedly exposed to TE for 15 weeks, the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes increased in the BAL fluids. The eosinophil and lymphocyte counts decreased dose-dependently and were practically abolished in the mice treated with TADM. Treatments with MPLA or CpG significantly increased the numbers of neutrophils, while CpG nonsignificantly decreased eosinophilia compared to timothy exposure. CONCLUSIONS A novel synthetic glycocluster molecule inhibited the development of grass-induced eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation in mice when administrated in the airways. This compound could be a candidate to be used either as an adjuvant in SIT or as a topical anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lehto
- Department of Occupational Medicine; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Wolff
- Department of Pathology; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Helsinki Finland
| | - R. Leino
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
| | - H. Alenius
- Karolinska Institutet; Institute of Environmental Medicine; Stockholm Sweden
- Medical Faculty; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - J. Savolainen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology; University of Turku; Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
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Rahkila J, Panchadhayee R, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Savolainen J, Leino R. Acetylated Trivalent Mannobioses: Chemical Modification, Structural Elucidation, and Biological Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:562-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jani Rahkila
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University; Piispankatu 8 20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Rajib Panchadhayee
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University; Piispankatu 8 20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Ana Ardá
- Structural Biology Unit; CIC bioGUNE; Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia Building 801A; 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Structural Biology Unit; CIC bioGUNE; Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia Building 801A; 48160 Derio Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science; Maria Diaz de Haro 3 48009 Bilbao Spain
| | - Johannes Savolainen
- Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University; Piispankatu 8 20500 Åbo Finland
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