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Monié A, Cournot M, Dumez J, Miquel J, Bertolotti A, Sultan-Bichat N. Evaluation of a school-based sun safety education program in Reunion Island, 2016-2017. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2023; 150:195-198. [PMID: 37385911 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sun exposure, especially during childhood, is the main environmental risk factor for skin cancers. This study evaluated the impact of the school-based sun safety education program "Living with the Sun" on the knowledge and behavior of primary school children regarding sun safety in Reunion Island. METHODS This multicenter, comparative intervention study was conducted in selected primary schools of Reunion during the 2016-2017 school year. The intervention consisted of an in-class slide-show presentation on sun safety, a teaching guide, and school trips during which children were offered sunscreen and were requested to wear sunglasses, a T-shirt, and a cap. The children completed a questionnaire before and after the intervention. The percentage of children wearing a cap in school playgrounds at the end of the school year was compared between paired intervention and control schools. RESULTS Seven hundred children from 7 Reunionese schools completed the questionnaire before and after the intervention. There was a statistically significant improvement in children's knowledge of sun safety, with differences between schools, teachers, school levels, and questionnaire responses. The percentage of children wearing a cap at the end of the school year was significantly higher in intervention schools compared to control schools. CONCLUSIONS Children's knowledge and behavior regarding sun safety improved significantly as a result of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monié
- Mission Soleil Réunion, Saint Paul, La Réunion, France
| | - M Cournot
- CHOR, Service de Cardiologie, Saint Paul, La Réunion, France
| | - J Dumez
- UFR La Réunion, Département de Médecine Générale, La Réunion, France; CIC-INSERM 1410, CHU Réunion, Service des Maladies Infectieuses - Dermatologie, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
| | - J Miquel
- Mission Soleil Réunion, Saint Paul, La Réunion, France; CHU Réunion, Unité de Dermatologie - pédiatrique, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - A Bertolotti
- Mission Soleil Réunion, Saint Paul, La Réunion, France; CIC-INSERM 1410, CHU Réunion, Service des Maladies Infectieuses - Dermatologie, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France; CHU Réunion, Service des Maladies Infectieuses - Dermatologie, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - N Sultan-Bichat
- Mission Soleil Réunion, Saint Paul, La Réunion, France; CHOR, Service de Dermatologie, Saint Paul, La Réunion, France
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Lagacé F, D’Aguanno K, Prosty C, Laverde-Saad A, Cattelan L, Ouchene L, Oliel S, Genest G, Doiron P, Richer V, Jfri A, O’Brien E, Lefrançois P, Powell M, Moreau L, Litvinov IV, Muntyanu A, Netchiporouk E. The Role of Sex and Gender in Dermatology - From Pathogenesis to Clinical Implications. J Cutan Med Surg 2023; 27:NP1-NP36. [PMID: 37401812 PMCID: PMC10486181 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231177582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex and gender have increasingly been recognized as significant risk factors for many diseases, including dermatological conditions. Historically, sex and gender have often been grouped together as a single risk factor in the scientific literature. However, both may have a distinct impact on disease incidence, prevalence, clinical presentation, severity, therapeutic response, and associated psychological distress. OBJECTIVES AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION The mechanisms that underlie differences in skin diseases between males, females, men, and women remain largely unknown. The specific objectives of this review paper are:To highlight the biological differences between males and females (sex), as well as the sociocultural differences between men and women (gender) and how they impact the integumentary system.To perform a literature review to identify important sex- and gender-related epidemiological and clinical differences for various skin conditions belonging to a range of disease categories and to discuss possible biological and sociocultural factors that could explain the observed differences.To discuss dermatological skin conditions and gender-affirming treatments within the transgender community, a population of individuals who have a gender identity which is different than the gender identity they were assigned at birth. FUTURE IMPACT With the rising number of individuals that identify as non-binary or transgender within our increasingly diverse communities, it is imperative to recognize gender identity, gender, and sex as distinct entities. By doing so, clinicians will be able to better risk-stratify their patients and select treatments that are most aligned with their values. To our knowledge, very few studies have separated sex and gender as two distinct risk factors within the dermatology literature. Our article also has the potential to help guide future prevention strategies that are patient-tailored rather than using a universal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lagacé
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Connor Prosty
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Laverde-Saad
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leila Cattelan
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lydia Ouchene
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Oliel
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Genevieve Genest
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philip Doiron
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Richer
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Abdulhadi Jfri
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth O’Brien
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Lefrançois
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Powell
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Linda Moreau
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anastasiya Muntyanu
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Current Utilization of Qualitative Methodologies in Dermatology: A Scoping Review. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100172. [PMID: 36891031 PMCID: PMC9986021 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review was to determine how qualitative methods are used in dermatology research and whether published manuscripts meet current standards for qualitative research. A scoping review of manuscripts published in English between January 1, 2016 and September 22, 2021 was conducted. A coding document was developed to collect information on authors, methodology, participants, research theme, and the presence of quality criteria as outlined by the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Manuscripts were included if they described original qualitative research about dermatologic conditions or topics of primary interest to dermatology. An adjacency search yielded 372 manuscripts, and after screening, 134 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies utilized interviews or focus groups, and researchers predominantly selected participants on the basis of disease status, including over 30 common and rare dermatologic conditions. Research themes frequently included patient experience of disease, development of patient-reported outcomes, and descriptions of provider and caregiver experiences. Although most authors explained their analysis and sampling strategy and included empirical data, few referenced qualitative data reporting standards. Missed opportunities for qualitative methods in dermatology include examination of health disparities, exploration of surgical and cosmetic dermatology experiences, and determination of the lived experience of and provider attitudes toward diverse patient populations.
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Holman DM, Glanz K, Jordan A, Bleakley A, Dasari S. Beliefs Associated with Sunscreen use among non-Hispanic white Older Adults. JOURNAL OF THE DERMATOLOGY NURSES' ASSOCIATION 2022; 14:107-112. [PMID: 36483310 PMCID: PMC9724642 DOI: 10.1097/jdn.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examines beliefs about sunscreen use among non-Hispanic white adults aged 50 years or older using online survey data (n=237). Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine beliefs associated with sunscreen use, adjusted by age, gender, education, geographic location, and skin cancer risk score. Those who believed sunscreen use would prevent them from getting sunburned (odds ratio [OR]=1.84) and those who believed that their romantic partners thought they should use sunscreen (OR=1.72) were more likely to report sunscreen use. Those who believed sunscreen use would "take too much time" were less likely to report sunscreen use (OR=0.65). These findings can inform future research and messaging efforts, including the evaluation of intervention approaches that highlight the immediate benefits of sunscreen use, address concerns about sunscreen use taking too much time, and tap into the potential influence that older adults may have on the sunscreen use of their romantic partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Holman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Karen Glanz
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 801 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy Jordan
- School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University, 4 Huntington Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Amy Bleakley
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 238 Pearson Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Hung M, Beazer IR, Su S, Bounsanga J, Hon ES, Lipsky MS. An Exploration of the Use and Impact of Preventive Measures on Skin Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040743. [PMID: 35455920 PMCID: PMC9025621 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, and both clinical and epidemiological data link cumulative solar dosages and the number of sunburns to skin cancer. Each year, more than 5.4 million new cases of skin cancer are diagnosed, incurring a significant health and financial burden. Recommended preventive measures for skin cancer include the use of sunscreen, sun avoidance, and protective clothing. This study used a national database to examine the association of preventive measures with the prevalence of skin cancer, specifically analyzing the preventive measures of sunscreen use, staying in the shade, and wearing long-sleeved shirts. The second aim was to determine which characteristics, if any, correlated with using prevention measures. Methods: This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2015−2016 cycle to examine the association of three preventive measures (using sunscreen, staying in the shade, and wearing long-sleeved shirts) with skin cancer. Logistic regression and chi-square tests were utilized to examine the relationship between skin cancer and these prevention methods. Results: Sunscreen use (OR = 3.752; p < 0.05) was statistically associated with a lower prevalence of skin cancer, while wearing long-sleeved shirts (OR = 6.911; p = 0.064) and staying in the shade (OR = 0.646; p = 0.481) did not emerge as factors significantly associated with a lower prevalence after controlling for gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, income, health insurance, and general health. Additionally, men and individuals of color were less likely to use sunscreen. Conclusion: Sunscreen use was associated with a lower prevalence of skin cancer, while wearing long-sleeved shirts and staying in the shade was not significantly linked to lower rates of skin cancer, suggesting that these measures may not be as effective as sunscreen for preventing skin cancer. Men and individuals of color were significantly less likely to use sunscreen. These findings can help guide future education efforts and research regarding skin cancer prevention and suggest the need to develop male-oriented programs to mitigate the gender disparity in employing sun-protection measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hung
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (S.S.); (M.S.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Isaac Rex Beazer
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA;
| | - Sharon Su
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (S.S.); (M.S.L.)
| | | | - Eric S. Hon
- Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Martin S. Lipsky
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (S.S.); (M.S.L.)
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Schlarbaum JP, Lazovich D, Dodd E, Hanson B, Polcari IC. Examination of use and barriers for five sun protection strategies in parents and their children. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:827-832. [PMID: 32618020 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sun protection starting in childhood is an important means of skin cancer prevention. Factors associated with sunscreen use have been previously described. However, less is known about factors associated with children's utilization of non-sunscreen sun protection strategies. We sought to examine parent and child characteristics, parental use of sun protection, and barriers associated with children's use of five sun protection strategies: sunscreen, shirts with sleeves, wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and shade. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of parents of children entering kindergarten through grade 8. Survey participants were recruited at the 2016 Minnesota State Fair. RESULTS A total of 409 parents were surveyed. The most common sun protection strategies parents reported for their child were wearing a shirt with sleeves (69.9%) and using sunscreen (61.9%), while protection via shade, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses were reported by less than one-quarter of parents. For each individual strategy, parents' own use of that strategy was strongly associated with that strategy in their children. Lack of child cooperation was associated with decreased use of sunscreen, shirts with sleeves, and wide-brimmed hats. CONCLUSION Significant room for improvement exists in childhood sun protection. Parents should especially be encouraged to use shade, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses as methods of protection for their children. Advising parents to model seeking shade, applying sunscreen, and choosing appropriate clothing and hats may improve sun safety practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie P Schlarbaum
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public, Health-University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erin Dodd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brooke Hanson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ingrid C Polcari
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Departments of Dermatology & Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Julian AK, Welch J, Bean MM, Shahid S, Perna FM. Information About Sunscreen on YouTube and Considerations for Sun Safety Promotion: Content Analysis. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Sunscreen use is a popular sun protection method; however, application of sunscreen rarely meets the standards recommended for effectiveness. Access to information about how to effectively use sunscreen may play a role in proper sunscreen application. The internet is a common health information source; however, the quality of sunscreen-related content varies.
Objective
The objective of this study was to examine information about sunscreen in YouTube videos by video source.
Methods
In November 2017, the authors identified the 20 most popular YouTube videos (sorted by view count and relevance) for each of these 5 search terms: sunscreen cancer, sunscreen health, sunscreen information, sunscreen ingredients, and sunscreen natural. The inclusion criteria were English language and view count >1000 (N=111 unique videos). We double-coded videos for standard recommendations for sunscreen use (eg, apply 20 minutes before sun exposure), use of outdated terminology, and recommendation of complementary sun safety strategies.
Results
The view counts ranged from 1100 to 671,142 (median 17,774, SD 109,651) and the average daily views ranged from 1 to 1448 (median 23, SD 234). End users (46/111, 41.4%) and health care providers (24/111, 21.6%) were the most common sources, and none of the most popular videos were produced by federal agencies or cancer-related nongovernmental organizations. Health care provider videos included marginally more recommendations than end user videos (mean 1.46, SD 1.96 vs mean 1.05, SD 1.20), but few (19/111, 17.1%) mentioned reapplication. The videos were generally positive toward sunscreen (82/111, 73.9%); however, some videos were negative (29/111, 26.1%), with warnings about the health risks of chemical sunscreens and their ingredients. Do-it-yourself sunscreen tutorials represented 19/111 (17.1%) of the sample.
Conclusions
YouTube is a potential source for disseminating sun safety messages; however, the quality of its sunscreen content varies. Most of the videos in our study failed to include important sunscreen use recommendations. Clinicians should be prepared to address the information needs of patients by discussing effective, evidence-based sunscreen application and recommending a combined sun safety approach.
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Lee YB, Ahn SK, Ahn GY, Bak H, Hong SP, Go EJ, Park CO, Lee SE, Lee WJ, Ko HC, Lee JB, Kim HJ, Park K, Lee SH, Song DH, Choi SY, Sung YO, Kim TH, Goo JW. Baumann Skin Type in the Korean Male Population. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:621-630. [PMID: 33911661 PMCID: PMC7992607 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.6.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research into the Baumann skin type (BST) has recently expanded, with growing interest in the development of an efficient and effective skin type classification system for better understanding of this skin condition. Objective We aimed to identify male-specific skin type characteristics with investigation into the distribution of BST by age and region in the Korean male population and to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to skin type. Methods A questionnaire was administered to collect information about age, region, working behavior, drinking behavior, smoking behavior, usual habit of sun protection, medical history, and the BST which consisted of four parameters; oily (O) or dry (D), sensitive (S) or resistant (R), pigmented (P) or non-pigmented (N), and wrinkled (W) or tight (T). Results We surveyed 1,000 Korean males aged between 20 and 60 years who were divided equally by age and region. Of the total respondents, OSNW type accounted for the largest percentage and ORPW type the lowest. In terms of Baumann parameters, O type was 53.5%, S type was 56.1%, N type was 84.4% and W type was 57.5%. Several behavioral factors were found to have various relationships with the skin type. Conclusion The predominant skin type in the Korean male respondents was OSNW type, and the distribution of skin types with regards to age and region was reported to be distinct. Therefore, skin care should be customized based on detailed skin types considering the various environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung Ku Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Gun Young Ahn
- Chungdam Gowoonsesang, Dr. G Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Bak
- Chungdam Hana Dermatolgic Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Phil Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Go
- Department of Dermatology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jee-Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Kun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sun Young Choi
- Deparment of Dermatology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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