New Formula for Nasal Endotracheal Intubation in Extremely Low-Birth Weight Infants in the Emergency Transport Setting: The "Genoa Formula"

The Transport of Respiratory Distress Syndrome Twin Newborns: The 27-Year-Long Experience of Gaslini Neonatal Emergency Transport Service Using Both Single and Double Ventilators

OBJECTIVE

Twin pregnancy rates have increased in the past 30 years. We describe the experience of the Neonatal Emergency Transport Service of the Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy, in the transport of twin newborns.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study (1996-2021); 7,852 medical charts from the Neonatal Emergency Transport Service were reviewed. We included all twin newborns who were transported with respiratory distress syndrome in the study. We split the included patients into 2 groups (group A and group B) based on if they were simultaneously ventilated by a single ventilator or by 2 different ventilators, and then each group was split by the different types of ventilation (nasal continuous positive airway pressure or intermittent positive pressure ventilation). The pH level, base excess, O₂ saturation, Pco₂, body temperature, plasma glucose, and Transport Risk Index of Physiologic Stability score were recorded at departure and arrival.

RESULTS

One hundred thirty-six patients were included (68 pairs of twins); group A consisted of 92 newborns and group B 44 newborns. Although some significant differences were observed (statistic), none of these had real clinical significance.

CONCLUSION

Transporting respiratory distress syndrome twin newborns is challenging. Our study provided a 27-year experience in the field. Transporting twins by a single ventilator is possible, but, in our opinion, using 2 ventilators mounted on the same transport module is the best possible choice in terms of clinical performance, logistics, and cost.

Recommendations for nasotracheal tube insertion depths in neonates

BACKGROUND

Endotracheal tube (ETT) malposition is common in neonatal intubation. Recommendations for ETT insertion depths predominantly address orotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to develop gestational age-, weight-, and length-based curve charts and tables for nasotracheal ETT insertion depth recommendations in neonates.

METHOD

In this retrospective single-center study, the individual optimal ETT insertion depths in neonates were determined by evaluating postintubation radiographic images. Gestational age-, weight-, and length-based best-fit curves and tables were generated using regression analysis to calculate related ETT insertion depths. The insertion depths predicted by the models were compared with previously published recommendations.

RESULTS

We analyzed intubations of 178 neonates (gestational age range at intubation: 23.7-43.0 weeks). Applying sigmoidal logistic regression models, curves, and tables revealed R ² values between 0.766 and 0.837. The insertion depths predicted by the models revealed certain deviations when compared with four previously published recommendations for nasotracheal ETT depth estimation in neonates.

CONCLUSION

The charts and tables developed in this study enable a fast and accurate determination of recommended nasotracheal ETT insertion depths in neonates.