1
|
Kagan RD, Palumbo MC, Weinsaft JW, Kim J, Gaudino MFL, Girardi LN, Lau C. Impact of advanced imaging techniques on cardiac surgery-New insights provided by cardiac magnetic resonance. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4138-4143. [PMID: 36321961 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This dialog between a cardiac surgeon (C.L.) and cardiac imager (J.W.W.) provides an overview of cardiac MRI (CMR) methods relevant to cardiac surgery. Major areas of focus include logistics of performing a CMR exam, as well as established and emerging methods for assessment of cardiac structure, function, valvular performance, and tissue characterization. Regarding tissue characterization, a major area of focus concerns CMR assessment of viability, for which this modality has been shown to provide incremental utility to conventional techniques for detection of presence and transmural extent of infarction, as well as powerful predictive utility of recovery of left ventricular systolic function as well as long term clinical prognosis in patients with an array of clinical conditions, including coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease both before and following cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D Kagan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Chiara Palumbo
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jonathan W Weinsaft
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mario F L Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leonard N Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Lau
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Terenicheva MA, Stukalova OV, Shakhnovich RM, Ternovoy SK. The role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiovascular magnetic resonance) in defining the prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Part 1. Indications and contraindications to cardiovascular magnetic resonance. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:497-501. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.04.200687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiovascular magnetic resonance) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction has increased significantly. This method is defined as the gold standard for differentiation between ischemic vs non-ischemic and acute vs chronic myocardial injury. This part of the review summarizes the main methods of cardiovascular magnetic resonance, its safety, indications and contraindications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Schenk CD, Gebker R, Berger A, Pieske B, Stehning C, Kelle S. Review of safety reports of cardiac MR-imaging in patients with recently implanted coronary artery stents at various field strengths. Expert Rev Med Devices 2020; 18:83-90. [PMID: 33295208 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1860017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aim of this study was to review current literature and data regarding the effects of MRI-examination post stent implantation on re-occlusion rates.Methods: We focused on representative studies in the database MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria were: clinical studies with the main focus on the safety of coronary artery stents after MRI-examination in the time interval of 8 weeks post stent implantation. During a follow up period the incidence of cardiac events was recorded. In addition, the time interval between stent implantation and MRI-examination should be defined.Results: Our search resulted in a total of relevant 17 studies. There were in-vivo as well as in-vitro studies and in addition three further publications f.e. guidelines. Concerning the patients, we differentiated between MRI performed shortly after acute cardiac event and in stable CAD. MRI-examinations were performed at different field strengths and reported different stent types. Considered were the incidences of cardiac events.Conclusion: Independent of MRI field strength (1.5 Tesla or 3.0 Tesla) or used stent type (BMS or DES), there was no increased rate for cardiac events in patients, who underwent MRI < 8 weeks after stent placement. MRI < 8 weeks after stent placement seems to be safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian David Schenk
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Gebker
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Berger
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Kelle
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lebel K, Mondesert B, Robillard J, Pham M, Terrone D, Tan S. 2020 MR Safety for Cardiac Devices: An Update for Radiologists. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:814-830. [DOI: 10.1177/0846537120967701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a unique and powerful diagnostic tool that provides images without ionizing radiation and, at times, can be the only modality to properly assess and diagnose some pathologies. Although many patients will need an MRI in their lifetime, many of them are still being unjustly denied access to it due to what were once considered absolute contraindications, including MR nonconditional pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. However, there are a number of large studies that have recently demonstrated that MRI can safely be performed in these patients under certain conditions. In addition, there are an increasing number of novel cardiac devices implanted in patients who may require an MRI. Radiologists need to familiarize themselves with these devices, identify which patients with these devices can safely undergo MRI, and under which conditions. In this article, we will review the current literature on MR safety and cardiac devices, elaborate on how to safely image patients with cardiac devices, and share the expertise of our tertiary cardiac institute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Lebel
- The University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Magali Pham
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jabehdar Maralani P, Schieda N, Hecht EM, Litt H, Hindman N, Heyn C, Davenport MS, Zaharchuk G, Hess CP, Weinreb J. MRI safety and devices: An update and expert consensus. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:657-674. [PMID: 31566852 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing globally, and MRI safety issues regarding medical devices, which are constantly being developed or upgraded, represent an ongoing challenge for MRI personnel. To assist the MRI community, a panel of 10 radiologists with expertise in MRI safety from nine high-volume academic centers formed, with the objective of providing clarity on some of the MRI safety issues for the 10 most frequently questioned devices. Ten device categories were identified. The panel reviewed the literature, including key MRI safety issues regarding screening and adverse event reports, in addition to the manufacturer's Instructions For Use. Using a Delphi-inspired method, 36 practical recommendations were generated with 100% consensus that can aid the clinical MRI community. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:657-674.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Schieda
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Harold Litt
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Hindman
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chinthaka Heyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Weinreb
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
CMR and CT of the Patient With Cardiac Devices. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:890-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer T Sincleair
- Department of Radiology, Scott and White Hospital, Texas A and M University Health Science Center, Temple, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parthasarathy H, Saeed O, Marcuzzi D, Cheema AN. MRI-Induced Stent Dislodgment Soon After Left Main Coronary Artery Stenting. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6:e58-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.112.000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Parthasarathy
- From the Department of Medicine, Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (H.P., A.N.C.), and Department of Radiology (D.M.), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (O.S.)
| | - Omar Saeed
- From the Department of Medicine, Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (H.P., A.N.C.), and Department of Radiology (D.M.), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (O.S.)
| | - Danny Marcuzzi
- From the Department of Medicine, Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (H.P., A.N.C.), and Department of Radiology (D.M.), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (O.S.)
| | - Asim N. Cheema
- From the Department of Medicine, Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (H.P., A.N.C.), and Department of Radiology (D.M.), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (O.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging safety following percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 29:1485-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-013-0231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
11
|
Hsu C, Parker G, Puranik R. Implantable devices and magnetic resonance imaging. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 21:358-63. [PMID: 22542861 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The indications for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are ever expanding, seemingly in parallel to the similar widespread increase in the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where there are clear advantages of imaging with no ionizing radiation and superior tissue contrast. However, CIEDs have traditionally been considered an absolute contraindication to MRI, posing a major limitation to investigating various pathologies after implantation of such devices. In the last decade the traditional paradigm of avoiding MRI in patients with CIEDs has been challenged with studies demonstrating relative safety at 1.5T under certain circumstances. Now with the recent approval of 'MR conditional' devices, it is becoming increasingly apparent that CIEDs should no longer be considered an absolute contraindication to MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chijen Hsu
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baikoussis NG, Apostolakis E, Papakonstantinou NA, Sarantitis I, Dougenis D. Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Implanted Cardiac Prostheses and Metallic Cardiovascular Electronic Devices. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91:2006-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Hundley WG, Bluemke DA, Finn JP, Flamm SD, Fogel MA, Friedrich MG, Ho VB, Jerosch-Herold M, Kramer CM, Manning WJ, Patel M, Pohost GM, Stillman AE, White RD, Woodard PK. ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 expert consensus document on cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:2614-62. [PMID: 20513610 PMCID: PMC3042771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Hundley WG, Bluemke DA, Finn JP, Flamm SD, Fogel MA, Friedrich MG, Ho VB, Jerosch-Herold M, Kramer CM, Manning WJ, Patel M, Pohost GM, Stillman AE, White RD, Woodard PK. ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 expert consensus document on cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. Circulation 2010; 121:2462-508. [PMID: 20479157 PMCID: PMC3034132 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e3181d44a8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
15
|
Clinical safety of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T early after stent placement for acute myocardial infarction. Eur Radiol 2009; 19:2913-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
van der Wall EE, Bax JJ, Jukema JW, Schalij MJ. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in primary PCI: additional value? Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 25:643-5. [PMID: 19468863 PMCID: PMC2712062 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-009-9466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E E van der Wall
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gamble JHP, Scott G, Ormerod JOM, Frenneaux MP. Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease: the case for multiparametric imaging. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 7:299-310. [PMID: 19296768 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.7.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Interventions to treat coronary artery disease are available but they must be targeted at the correct individuals (and indeed lesions), in order to gain maximal benefit with the minimal adverse effects. Coronary contrast angiography is not able to provide all the information required for the assessment of the effects of artery disease. Other imaging modalities are of growing importance as they can reduce radiation exposure and invasiveness of screening, as well as providing important extra information. The ideal 'multiparametric' imaging technique would assess anatomy, viability and lesion activity in a single quick scan. Currently, MRI is the technology closest to achieving this ideal, although the existing technology still has some limitations. This review discusses the currently available techniques for the imaging of coronary anatomy and of myocardial viability, and considers their benefits and limitations. We also discuss the developing field of imaging molecularly targeted to active coronary lesions. Finally we provide a 5-year view of the current and likely future optimal imaging strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H P Gamble
- Department of Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Larose E, Côté J, Rodés-Cabau J, Noël B, Barbeau G, Bordeleau E, Miró S, Brochu B, Delarochellière R, Bertrand OF. Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the hyperacute phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 25:519-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-009-9451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
19
|
Long-term clinical effects of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with coronary artery stent implantation. Coron Artery Dis 2009; 20:138-42. [DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e328322cd48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Yamazaki T, Suzuki JI, Shimamoto R, Tsuji T, Ohmoto-Sekine Y, Morita T, Yamashita H, Honye J, Nagai R, Komatsu S, Akahane M, Ohtomo K. Diagnostic efficacy for coronary in-stent patency with parameters defined on Hounsfield CT value-spatial profile curves. Radiography (Lond) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
García-García HM, Gonzalo N, Granada JF, Regar E, Serruys PW. Diagnosis and treatment of coronary vulnerable plaques. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6:209-22. [PMID: 18248275 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thin-capped fibroatheroma is the morphology that most resembles plaque rupture. Detection of these vulnerable plaques in vivo is essential to being able to study their natural history and evaluate potential treatment modalities and, therefore, may ultimately have an important impact on the prevention of acute myocardial infarction and death. Currently, conventional grayscale intravascular ultrasound, virtual histology and palpography data are being collected with the same catheter during the same pullback. A combination of this catheter with either thermography capability or additional imaging, such as optical coherence tomography or spectroscopy, would be an exciting development. Intravascular magnetic resonance imaging also holds much promise. To date, none of the techniques described above have been sufficiently validated and, most importantly, their predictive value for adverse cardiac events remains elusive. Very rigorous and well-designed studies are compelling for defining the role of each diagnostic modality. Until we are able to detect in vivo vulnerable plaques accurately, no specific treatment is warranted.
Collapse
|
22
|
Levine GN, Gomes AS, Arai AE, Bluemke DA, Flamm SD, Kanal E, Manning WJ, Martin ET, Smith JM, Wilke N, Shellock FS. Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Committee on Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Circulation 2007; 116:2878-91. [PMID: 18025533 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.187256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging over the past 2 decades have led to MR becoming an increasingly attractive imaging modality. With the growing number of patients treated with permanent implanted or temporary cardiovascular devices, it is becoming ever more important to clarify safety issues in regard to the performance of MR examinations in patients with these devices. Extensive, although not complete, ex vivo, animal, and clinical data are available from which to generate recommendations regarding the safe performance of MR examination in patients with cardiovascular devices, as well as to ascertain caveats and contraindications regarding MR examination for such patients. Safe MR imaging involves a careful initial patient screening, accurate determination of the permanent implanted or temporary cardiovascular device and its properties, a thoughtful analysis of the risks and benefits of performing the examination at that time, and, when indicated, appropriate physician management and supervision. This scientific statement is intended to summarize and clarify issues regarding the safety of MR imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices.
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Taylor
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leary MC, Caplan LR. Technology insight: brain MRI and cardiac surgery--detection of postoperative brain ischemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:379-88. [PMID: 17589428 DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Annually, an estimated 1 million patients undergo heart surgery worldwide. Unfortunately, stroke continues to be a frequent complication of cardiac surgery, with the specific cerebrovascular risk depending upon the particular surgical procedure performed. Neuroimaging has an integral role in the initial evaluation and management of patients who present with acute stroke symptoms following cardiac surgery. The aim of this paper is to review the role brain MRI has in detecting postoperative brain ischemia in these patients. Multimodal MRI--using diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), perfusion-weighted MRI, and gradient-recalled echo imaging--has an excellent capacity to identify and delineate the size and location of acute ischemic strokes as well as intracerebral hemorrhages. This differentiation is critical in making appropriate treatment decisions in the acute setting, such as determining patient eligibility for thrombolytic or hemodynamic therapies. At present, DWI offers prognostic value in patients with strokes following cardiac surgery. Additionally, DWI could be a valuable tool for evaluating stroke preventive measures as well as therapeutic interventions in patients undergoing CABG surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Leary
- Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rustemli A, Bhatti TK, Wolff SD. Evaluating Cardiac Sources of Embolic Stroke with MRI. Echocardiography 2007; 24:301-8; discussion 308. [PMID: 17313647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2007.00393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of patients with stroke includes identifying its etiology in order to appropriately tailor therapy. Currently, the diagnostic work-up includes imaging of the brain, the arteries of the head and neck, the aorta, and the heart. Traditional methods of imaging include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), duplex ultrasound, and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and/or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). While echocardiography remains a cornerstone in the field of cardiac imaging, MRI is increasingly able to assess for the most common causes of cardioembolic stroke such as left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombus, left ventricular thrombus, aortic atheroma, cardiac masses and patent foramen ovale. This review will focus on the advantages and limitations of echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in diagnosing patients suspected of having an embolic stroke and the role these modalities play in clinical practice today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asu Rustemli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|