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Yamamoto S, Kamezaki M, Ooka J, Mazaki T, Shimoda Y, Nishihara T, Adachi Y. Balloon venoplasty for disdialysis syndrome due to pacemaker-related superior vena cava syndrome with chylothorax post-bacteraemia: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8364-8371. [PMID: 38130610 PMCID: PMC10731190 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i35.8364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome has also been reported as a late complication of pacemaker (PM) implantation, acute onset of SVC syndrome caused by disdialysis syndrome in patients with PM implantation is very rare. There are no specific therapies or guidelines. CASE SUMMARY A 96-year-old woman receiving dialysis was implanted with a PM due to sick sinus syndrome. She was referred to our facility for chest discomfort experienced during dialysis. Upon examination, unilateral pleural effusion on the right side was cloudy with a foul odour. The patient was diagnosed with pyothorax and treated with antibiotics. After the effusion was reduced, it gradually reaggravated and remained cloudy. In this case, SVC syndrome, which is generally considered a late complication after PM implantation, rapidly developed following the bacteraemia, resulting in impaired venous return, chylothorax, and disdialysis syndrome. After catheter intervention for SVC stenosis, the patient's symptoms promptly improved. The patient has been recurrence-free for a year. CONCLUSION Acute SVC syndrome can cause dysdialysis in PM-implanted patients. Catheter intervention alone has improved this condition for a traceable period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe 651-1145, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Ooka
- Department of Cardiology, Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe 651-1145, Japan
| | - Toru Mazaki
- Department of Cardiology, Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe 651-1145, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shimoda
- Department of Cardiology, Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe 651-1145, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nishihara
- Department of Nephrology, Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe 651-1145, Japan
| | - Yoko Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe 651-1145, Japan
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2
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Gabriels J, Chang D, Maytin M, Tadros T, John RM, Sobieszczyk P, Eisenhauer A, Epstein LM. Percutaneous management of superior vena cava syndrome in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Heart Rhythm 2020; 18:392-398. [PMID: 33212249 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus regarding the optimal management of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED)-related superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. OBJECTIVE We report our experience with transvenous lead extractions (TLEs) in the setting of symptomatic CIED-related SVC syndrome. METHODS We reviewed all TLEs performed at a high-volume center over a 14-year period and identified patients in which TLE was performed for symptomatic SVC syndrome. Patient characteristics, extraction details, percutaneous management of SVC occlusions, and clinical follow up data were analyzed. RESULTS Over a 14-year period, more than 1600 TLEs were performed. Of these, 16 patients underwent TLE for symptomatic SVC syndrome. The mean age was 53.1 ± 12.8 years, and 9 (56.3%) were men. Thirty-seven leads, with a mean dwell time of 5.8 years (range 2-12 years), were extracted. After extraction, 6 patients (37.5%) received an SVC stent. Balloon angioplasty was performed before stenting in 5 cases (31.3%). There was 1 major complication (6.3%) due to an SVC tear that was managed surgically with a favorable outcome. Eleven patients underwent reimplantation of a CIED. Over a median follow-up of 5.5 years (interquartile range 2.0-8.5 years), 12 patients (75%) remained free of symptoms. CONCLUSION Combining TLE with the percutaneous treatment of symptomatic SVC syndrome is a safe and viable treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gabriels
- Department of Electrophysiology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.
| | - David Chang
- Department of Electrophysiology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Melanie Maytin
- Department of Electrophysiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Tadros
- Department of Electrophysiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roy M John
- Department of Electrophysiology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Piotr Sobieszczyk
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Eisenhauer
- Department of Cardiology, Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston, Maine
| | - Laurence M Epstein
- Department of Electrophysiology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
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3
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Evranos B, Craven P, Henderson R, Visvaratnam P, Jones S, Sarsam M, Gallagher MM. Half a century of continuous pacing: a living witness to the evolution of a technology. Europace 2019; 21:548-553. [PMID: 30839056 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To chart the development of pacing technology and its pitfalls we present the experience of a patient who has benefitted from it but also suffered as a result of it from its earliest days. A 53-year-old physician was referred to us with obstruction of the superior and inferior vena cava on a background of more than 50 years of continuous ventricular pacing and 24 previous pacemaker-related interventions. In a single surgical procedure, his existing pacing system and redundant leads were extracted, the superior vena cava was reconstructed, and a new biventricular pacing system with epicardial leads was implanted. Pacemakers can maintain life and preserve the quality of life for many decades. The quality of this therapy has improved due to advances in the technology and in techniques. Maintaining safe pacing in the very long term requires labour, patience, and ingenuity.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Young Adult
- Atrioventricular Block/therapy
- Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/history
- Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/history
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy/methods
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices/history
- Computed Tomography Angiography
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Inventions
- Pacemaker, Artificial/history
- Plastic Surgery Procedures
- Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging
- Postoperative Complications/surgery
- Prosthesis Implantation
- Reoperation
- Superior Vena Cava Syndrome/surgery
- Vascular Surgical Procedures
- Vena Cava, Inferior/diagnostic imaging
- Vena Cava, Inferior/surgery
- Vena Cava, Superior/diagnostic imaging
- Vena Cava, Superior/surgery
- Venous Thrombosis/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Evranos
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, UK
| | | | | | - Parthiepan Visvaratnam
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, UK
| | - Sue Jones
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, UK
| | - Mazin Sarsam
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark M Gallagher
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, UK
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4
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Albertini CMDM, Silva KRD, Leal Filho JMDM, Crevelari ES, Martinelli Filho M, Carnevale FC, Costa R. Usefulness of preoperative venography in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices submitted to lead replacement or device upgrade procedures. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 111:686-696. [PMID: 30281686 PMCID: PMC6248256 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Venous obstructions are common in patients with transvenous cardiac
implantable electronic devices, but they rarely cause immediate clinical
problems. The main consequence of these lesions is the difficulty in
obtaining venous access for additional leads implantation. Objectives We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictor factors of venous lesions in
patients referred to lead reoperations, and to define the role of
preoperative venography in the planning of these procedures. Methods From April 2013 to July 2016, contrast venography was performed in 100
patients referred to device upgrade, revision and lead extraction. Venous
lesions were classified as non-significant (< 50%), moderate stenosis
(51-70%), severe stenosis (71-99%) or occlusion (100%). Collateral
circulation was classified as absent, discrete, moderate or accentuated. The
surgical strategy was defined according to the result of the preoperative
venography. Univariate analysis was used to investigate predictor factors
related to the occurrence of these lesions, with 5% of significance
level. Results Moderate venous stenosis was observed in 23%, severe in 13% and occlusions in
11%. There were no significant differences in relation to the device side or
the venous segment. The usefulness of the preoperative venography to define
the operative tactic was proven, and in 99% of the cases, the established
surgical strategy could be performed according to plan. Conclusions The prevalence of venous obstruction is high in CIED recipients referred to
reoperations. Venography is highly indicated as a preoperative examination
for allowing the adequate surgical planning of procedures involving previous
transvenous leads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Regina da Silva
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | - Martino Martinelli Filho
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Costa
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
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Sotiriadis C, Volpi S, Douek P, Chouiter A, Muller O, Qanadli SD. Are Endovascular Interventions for Central Vein Obstructions due to Cardiac Implanted Electronic Devices Effective? Front Surg 2018; 5:49. [PMID: 30105227 PMCID: PMC6077194 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: One of the late-onset complications of cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) is central venous obstruction (CVO). The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of endovascular treatment of CIED-related CVOs. Methods:Eighteen patients who underwent endovascular management of their device-related CVO were reviewed. Patients were classified into three groups: Group I patients were asymptomatic and needed lead replacement; Group II patients presented with symptomatic CVO without lead dysfunction, and Group III patients were referred with both symptomatic CVO and lead dysfunction. A treatment strategy involved recanalization and balloon angioplasty for Group I and angioplasty/stents for Groups II and III. Technical success, clinical success, complications, and long-term follow-up were assessed. Results: Thirteen patients were in Group I, four in Group II, and one in Group III. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 17 patients (94%). No major complications were reported. Restenosis was observed in two patients at 40 and 42 weeks of follow-up, and these patients were successfully treated with angioplasty. Conclusion: Endovascular management of CVO due to CIED is a safe and efficient technique. Plain balloon angioplasty is sufficient for lead replacement purposes, while stenting is needed for symptomatic CVO to achieve good long-term patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Sotiriadis
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Unit, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Volpi
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Unit, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Douek
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Unit, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amine Chouiter
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Unit, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Unit, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salah D Qanadli
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Unit, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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A Review of Open and Endovascular Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome of Benign Aetiology. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 53:238-254. [PMID: 28007450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of central venous catheters, ports, pacemakers, and defibrillators has increased the incidence of benign superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). This study aimed at reviewing the results of open and endovascular treatment of SVCS. METHOD Medical literature databases were searched for relevant studies. Studies with more than five adult patients, reporting separate results for the SVC were included. Nine studies reported the results of endovascular treatment of SVCS including 136 patients followed up for a mean of 11-48 months. Causes of SVCS were central venous catheters and pacemakers (80.6%), mediastinal fibrosis (13.7%), and other (5.6%). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting was performed in 73.6%, PTA only in 17.3%, and thrombolysis, PTA, and stenting in 9%. Four studies reported the results of open repair of SVCS including 87 patients followed up between 30 months and 10.9 years. The causes were mediastinal fibrosis (58.4%), catheters and pacemakers (28.5%), and other (13%). Operations performed included a spiral saphenous interposition graft, other vein graft, PTFE graft, and human allograft. Thirteen patients required re-operations (15%) before discharge mainly for graft thrombosis. RESULTS In the endovascular group technical success was 95.6%. Thirty day mortality was 0%. Regression of symptoms was reported in 97.3%. Thirty-two patients (26.9%) underwent 58 secondary procedures. In the open group the 30 day mortality was 0%. Symptom regression was reported in 93.5%. Twenty-four patients (28.4%) underwent a total of 33 secondary procedures. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular is the first line treatment for SVCS caused by intravenous devices, whereas surgery is most often performed for mediastinal fibrosis. Both treatments show good results regarding regression of the symptoms and mid-term primary patency, with a significant incidence of secondary interventions.
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7
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FU HAIXIA, HUANG XINMIAO, ZHONG LI, OSBORN MICHAELJ, BJARNASON HARALDUR, MULPURU SIVA, ZHAO XIANXIAN, FRIEDMAN PAULA, CHA YONGMEI. Outcome and Management of Pacemaker-Induced Superior Vena Cava Syndrome. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2014; 37:1470-6. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HAI-XIA FU
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Henan China
| | - XIN-MIAO HUANG
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - LI ZHONG
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
- Department of Cardiology; Southwest Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - MICHAEL J. OSBORN
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - HARALDUR BJARNASON
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Radiology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - SIVA MULPURU
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - XIAN-XIAN ZHAO
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - PAUL A. FRIEDMAN
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - YONG-MEI CHA
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
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8
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Kokotsakis J, Chaudhry UAR, Tassopoulos D, Harling L, Ashrafian H, Vernandos M, Kanakis M, Athanasiou T. Surgical management of superior vena cava syndrome following pacemaker lead infection: a case report and review of the literature. J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 9:107. [PMID: 24947452 PMCID: PMC4075978 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-9-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a known but rare complication of pacemaker lead implantation, accounting for approximately less than 0.5% of cases. Its pathophysiology is due to either infection or endothelial mechanical stress, causing inflammation and fibrosis leading to thrombosis, and therefore stenosis of the SVC. Due to the various risks including thrombo-embolic complications and the need to provide symptomatic relief, medical and surgical interventions are sought early. We present the case of a 48-year Caucasian male who presented with localised swelling and pain at the site of pacemaker implantation. Inflammatory markers were normal, but diagnostic imaging revealed three masses along the pacemaker lead passage. A surgical approach using cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest was used to remove the vegetations. Culture from the vegetations showed Staphylococcus epidermidis. The technique presented here allowed for safe and effective removal of both the thrombus and infected pacing leads, with excellent exposure and minimal post-procedure complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thanos Athanasiou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital Campus, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK.
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9
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Steinberg C, Calvaruso D, Guimond J, Bédard E, Perron J. Surgical lead extraction for total occlusion of the superior vena cava by chronic lead infection after mustard procedure. J Card Surg 2014; 29:406-9. [PMID: 24438576 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of total occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC) with extensive thrombosis of the adjacent large veins secondary to multiple abandoned pacemaker leads with a superimposed chronic lead infection by Corynebacterium jeikeium. A surgical lead extraction was performed with an extensive en-bloc resection of the SVC together with the right subclavian vein and the right innomate vein. No venous reconstruction was required because of an unobstructed runoff via a well-developed azygos system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinberg
- Division of Cardiology, Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et Pneumologie de Québec (IUCP), Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Cohen R, Mena D, Carbajal-Mendoza R, Matos N, Karki N. Superior vena cava syndrome: A medical emergency? Int J Angiol 2012; 17:43-6. [PMID: 22477372 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome was originally described as being secondary to an infection. Currently, it is almost exclusively secondary to malignancy. A case of SVC syndrome presenting with dyspnea, facial swelling, neck distension and cough developed over a period of 10 days is reported. The approach included imaging studies and tissue diagnosis. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a lobulated mass on the right upper chest invading the mediastinum, and cytology obtained from bronchoscopy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. The etiology, diagnosis and treatment modalities of the SVC syndrome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Cohen
- Woodhull Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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11
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Central Venous Stenosis Associated with Pacemaker Leads: Short-Term Results of Endovascular Interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23:363-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Mulz JM, Kraus MS, Thompson M, Flanders JA. Cranial vena caval syndrome secondary to central venous obstruction associated with a pacemaker lead in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2010; 12:217-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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RILEY ROBERTF, PETERSEN STEFFENE, FERGUSON JOHND, BASHIR YAVER. Managing Superior Vena Cava Syndrome as a Complication of Pacemaker Implantation: A Pooled Analysis of Clinical Practice. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2010; 33:420-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stauthammer C, Tobias A, France M, Olson J. Caudal vena cava obstruction caused by redundant pacemaker lead in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2009; 11:141-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Sola-Ortigosa J, Iglesias-Sancho M, Dilmé-Carreras E, Umbert-Millet P. Fistula With Foreign Body Granulomatous Reaction Secondary to Retained Electrodes After Pacemaker Removal. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(09)70159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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16
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Sola-Ortigosa J, Iglesias-Sancho M, Dilmé-Carreras E, Umbert-Millet P. [Fistula with foreign body granulomatous reaction caused by electrodes left in place after pacemaker removal]. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2009; 100:723-5. [PMID: 19775555 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(09)72290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Novak M, Dvorak P, Kamaryt P, Slana B, Lipoldova J. Autopsy and clinical context in deceased patients with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators: intracardiac findings near their leads and electrodes. Europace 2009; 11:1510-6. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eup216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Hannan RL, Zabinsky JA, Hernandez A, Zahn EM, Burke RP. Hybrid Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Child. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88:277-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Feldtman RW. Intravascular Lead Extraction Using the Excimer Laser: Pitfalls and Tips for Success. Semin Vasc Surg 2008; 21:54-6. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Computed Tomography angiographic demonstration of collateral circulation in superior vena cava syndrome. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2008; 2:57-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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