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Di Gioia G, Vespasiano F, Mango F, Maestrini V, Monosilio S, Squeo MR, Lemme E, Bernardi M, Pelliccia A. Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Master Paralympic Athletes, a High-Risk Undertreated Population: A Cross-Sectional Longitudinal Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2024; 31:279-288. [PMID: 38714607 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, European Society of Cardiology (ESC) validated a prediction model to estimate 10-year fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease risk (CVDR) in individuals (aged 40-60 years) without previous cardiovascular disease or diabetes (ESC-SCORE2) and to provide indications for treatment. At present, data describing the CVDR in Paralympic athletes (PAs) are scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, we sought to assess the prevalence of risk factors in PAs to estimate their CVDR through SCORE2. METHODS We enrolled 99 PAs aged ≥ 40 y.o., who participated at 2012-2022 Paralympic Games, competing in 22 different sport disciplines classified according to sport type (power, skills, endurance and mixed) and disabilities: spinal cord injuries (SCI) and non-SCI. CVDR factors, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected. RESULTS Among the 99 PAs (78% males, mean age 45.7 ± 4.7 y.o.), 52.5% had SCI; 54% were dyslipidemic and 23% were smokers. According to ESC-SCORE2, 29% had high and 1% very-high CVDR. Women (compared to men) and endurance (compared to other sport) exhibited better CV profile. SCI showed no differences when compared with non-SCI for CVDR, excepted for a lower HDL and lower exercise performance. None of the dyslipidemic athlete was on pharmacologically treatment, despite the altered lipid profile had already been detected at younger age. CONCLUSION PAs are a selected population, presenting a high CV risk profile, with 30% showing either high or very-high CVDR according to ESC-SCORE2. Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor, underestimated and undertreated, emphasizing the need for specific preventive strategies in this special setting of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Gioia
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Vespasiano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mango
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Monosilio
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Squeo
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Lemme
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pelliccia
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
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Rozado J, Avanzas P. Paralympic Athletes: A Heterogeneous Population Not Exempt from Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Am J Cardiol 2024; 210:311-312. [PMID: 37918472 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rozado
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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