1
|
Kumar G, Kapoor S. Targeting mycobacterial membranes and membrane proteins: Progress and limitations. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117212. [PMID: 36804747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the various bacterial infections, tuberculosis continues to hold center stage. Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses robust defense mechanisms against most front-line antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. It is now well-established that bacteria change their membrane composition to optimize their environment to survive and elude drug action. Thus targeting membrane or membrane components is a promising avenue for exploiting the chemical space focussed on developing novel membrane-centric anti-bacterial small molecules. These approaches are more effective, non-toxic, and can attenuate resistance phenotype. We present the relevance of targeting the mycobacterial membrane as a practical therapeutic approach. The review highlights the direct and indirect targeting of membrane structure and function. Direct membrane targeting agents cause perturbation in the membrane potential and can cause leakage of the cytoplasmic contents. In contrast, indirect membrane targeting agents disrupt the function of membrane-associated proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis or energy production. We discuss the chronological chemical improvements in various scaffolds targeting specific membrane-associated protein targets, their clinical evaluation, and up-to-date account of their ''mechanisms of action, potency, selectivity'' and limitations. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work have emerged from target-based identification, cell-based phenotypic screening, drug repurposing, and natural products. We believe this review will inspire the exploration of uncharted chemical space for informing the development of new scaffolds that can inhibit novel mycobacterial membrane targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Departemnt of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500037, India.
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar G, Narayan R, Kapoor S. Chemical Tools for Illumination of Tuberculosis Biology, Virulence Mechanisms, and Diagnosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15308-15332. [PMID: 33307693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases and begs the scientific community to up the ante for research and exploration of completely novel therapeutic avenues. Chemical biology-inspired design of tunable chemical tools has aided in clinical diagnosis, facilitated discovery of therapeutics, and begun to enable investigation of virulence mechanisms at the host-pathogen interface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This Perspective highlights chemical tools specific to mycobacterial proteins and the cell lipid envelope that have furnished rapid and selective diagnostic strategies and provided unprecedented insights into the function of the mycobacterial proteome and lipidome. We discuss chemical tools that have enabled elucidating otherwise intractable biological processes by leveraging the unique lipid and metabolite repertoire of mycobacterial species. Some of these probes represent exciting starting points with the potential to illuminate poorly understood aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis, particularly the host membrane-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 403 401, Goa, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.,Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pinto CM, Carvalho AR. The HIV/TB coinfection severity in the presence of TB multi-drug resistant strains. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Evaluation of Sensitivity of Molecular Methods for Detection of Rifampin-Resistant Strains Amongst Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.40580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
A rapid and sensitive LC–ESI-MS/MS method for the detection of YF-49–92.MLS in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2521-30. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: YF-49–92.MLS is a novel candidate for TB treatment. An accurate, precise and specific LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of YF-49–92.MLS in rat plasma using verapamil as an IS is reported in this paper. Methodology: Proper retention time and excellent peak shape were acquired using an Agilent Zorbax® SB-C18 column with the mobile phase of 5 mmol/l ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid–methanol (30:70, v/v). The LLOQ was 1 ng/ml. The calibration curves encompassed concentrations from 20 to 5000 ng/ml. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were within 15% by determining low, medium and high concentration samples. Extraction recovery, stability, and matrix effects were also fully validated. Conclusion: This method has been validated to be rapid and sensitive, and successfully applied to the PK study of YF-49-92.MLS in rat plasma.
Collapse
|
6
|
Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation decreases survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61925. [PMID: 23634218 PMCID: PMC3636238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that mediates pro-inflammatory responses required for host control of many microbial pathogens; on the other hand, NFκB has been implicated in the pathogenesis of other inflammatory and infectious diseases. Mice with genetic disruption of the p50 subunit of NFκB are more likely to succumb to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, the role of NFκB in host defense in humans is not fully understood. We sought to examine the role of NFκB activation in the immune response of human macrophages to MTB. Targeted pharmacologic inhibition of NFκB activation using BAY 11-7082 (BAY, an inhibitor of IκBα kinase) or an adenovirus construct with a dominant-negative IκBα significantly decreased the number of viable intracellular mycobacteria recovered from THP-1 macrophages four and eight days after infection. The results with BAY were confirmed in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and alveolar macrophages. NFκB inhibition was associated with increased macrophage apoptosis and autophagy, which are well-established killing mechanisms of intracellular MTB. Inhibition of the executioner protease caspase-3 or of the autophagic pathway significantly abrogated the effects of BAY. We conclude that NFκB inhibition decreases viability of intracellular MTB in human macrophages via induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Iddriss A, Padayatchi N, Reddy D, Reddi A. Pulmonary resection for extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94:381-6. [PMID: 22633500 PMCID: PMC3567439 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has been reported in 58 countries around the world and has emerged as a major public health challenge. Our objective was to determine the impact of pulmonary resection on XDR-TB treatment outcomes in a resource-constrained setting. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case review of 11 patients with XDR-TB who were referred for pulmonary resection between January 2007 and June 2010 at a tertiary care referral hospital in South Africa. Two pneumonectomies and three upper lobectomies were performed. Occurrence of surgical complications and TB treatment outcome were assessed. RESULTS No perioperative mortality or major morbidity was noted. All patients achieved sputum conversion, with 4 regarded as "cured." One patient defaulted on treatment, but subsequently returned and is regarded as a probable cure. CONCLUSIONS We describe pulmonary resection for XDR-TB management in Africa. Although the initial cohort of XDR-TB patients from Tugela Ferry demonstrated nearly complete mortality, our results demonstrate the potential of adjuvant surgical methods in XDR-TB treatment. With appropriate chemotherapy and timely adjuvant surgery, patients with XDR-TB localized to lobe or lung may achieve a "cure" with low morbidity and mortality. Consequently, this approach may be the most cost effective treatment for patients suitable for lung resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Iddriss
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goh TL, Towns CR, Jones KL, Freeman JT, Wong CS. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: New Zealand's first case and the challenges of management in a low-prevalence country. Med J Aust 2011; 194:602-4. [PMID: 21644877 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, an immigrant from Burma was the first person to be diagnosed in New Zealand with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). The strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most resistant reported to date in Australasia. Key difficulties of managing this disease in a low-prevalence country were delays from drug-susceptibility testing and in acquiring appropriate medicines, and a lack of evidence-based guidelines. Solutions are needed for New Zealand and the wider region as more cases of XDR-TB are likely to be encountered in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tze Liang Goh
- Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand. tzeliang.gohATsoutherndhb.govt.nz
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mycobacterial, brucellar, fungal, and parasitic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
10
|
Alderwick LJ, Lloyd GS, Lloyd AJ, Lovering AL, Eggeling L, Besra GS. Biochemical characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase. Glycobiology 2010; 21:410-25. [PMID: 21045009 PMCID: PMC3055594 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinogalactan (AG) is an essential cell wall component. It provides a molecular framework serving to connect peptidoglycan to the outer mycolic acid layer. The biosynthesis of the arabinan domains of AG and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) occurs via a combination of membrane bound arabinofuranosyltransferases, all of which utilize decaprenol-1-monophosphorabinose as a substrate. The source of arabinose ultimately destined for deposition into cell wall AG or LAM originates exclusively from phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (pRpp), a central metabolite which is also required for other essential metabolic processes, such as de novo purine and pyrimidine biosyntheses. In M. tuberculosis, a single pRpp synthetase enzyme (Mt-PrsA) is solely responsible for the generation of pRpp, by catalyzing the transfer of pyrophosphate from ATP to the C1 hydroxyl position of ribose-5-phosphate. Here, we report a detailed biochemical and biophysical study of Mt-PrsA, which exhibits the most rapid enzyme kinetics reported for a pRpp synthetase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Alderwick
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Park Road, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dheda K, Warren RM, Zumla A, Grobusch MP. Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis: Epidemiology and Management Challenges. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2010; 24:705-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
Lee CH, Hwang JY, Oh DK, Kee MK, Oh E, An JW, Kim J, Do H, Kim HJ, Kim SS, Kim H, Nam JG. The burden and characteristics of tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) in South Korea: a study from a population database and a survey. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:66. [PMID: 20226025 PMCID: PMC2850338 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although, in South Korea, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) keeps increasing and tuberculosis(TB) burden is still significant, there have been few reports on TB/HIV cases. In this study, we investigated the burden and characteristics of TB/HIV patients in South Korea, an area with intermediate burden of TB and a low prevalent area with HIV/AIDS. METHODS We identified patients with TB and cases with HIV between January 1 2001 and December 31 2005, from nationwide reporting system (TBnet and HIV/AIDS registry) through an electronic record linkage method. A questionnaire survey was also conducted and determined the rate of diagnosis of HIV among TB cases in public health units in 2005. RESULTS The number of cases with both HIV and TB was 137 (0.07% among 197,562 TB cases) and the newly detected TB/HIV cases per 100,000 population was increasing annually: 2001, 0.025; 2002, 0.031; 2003, 0.025; 2004, 0.071; 2005, 0.095. Males between 20 and 59 years of age accounted for 87.6% of TB/HIV patients. Compared with patients with TB alone, those with TB/HIV had a higher percentage of extrapulmonary TB (8.0% vs 19.0%; p < 0.0001). The standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) of HIV among patients with TB was 18.46 (95% CI, 15.50-21.83). SPR of HIV among male TB patients aged 20-59 and extrapulmonary TB cases was 39.64 (95% CI, 32.87-47.40) and 43.21 (95% CI, 28.22-63.31) respectively. Through a questionnaire survey of public health units, six patients (0.08%) were confirmed as having HIV among 7,871 TB patients in public health centers in 2005, which is similar to the result from the study through nationwide reporting systems. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rate of TB/HIV patients is still low but increasing in South Korea. Physicians should consider performing HIV tests among TB patients, especially in higher-risk groups, such as young males with extrapulmonary TB in South Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of HIV and TB Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
- Division of pulmonary and critical care medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 39 Boramae Road, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-young Hwang
- Division of HIV and TB Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Oh
- Preventive Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, 534-2 Yeonsu3-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Kyung Kee
- Division of AIDS, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Oh
- Division of HIV and TB Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-wook An
- Division of HIV and TB Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Heonsook Do
- Division of HIV and TB Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Republic of Korea, 14 Woomyeon-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-900, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Division of AIDS, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwahyun Kim
- Division of HIV and TB Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Gu Nam
- Division of HIV and TB Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 194 Tongillo, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Riccardi G, Pasca MR, Buroni S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: drug resistance and future perspectives. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:597-614. [PMID: 19492969 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TB is still a global health problem. The selection and spread of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains represents a threat for global TB control. The reappearance of TB has driven an increased interest in understanding the mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance, which could provide a significant contribution in the development of new antimicrobials. In this article, the authors describe the mode of action and the resistance mechanisms of the principal first- and second-line antitubercular agents, namely isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutol, D-cycloserine, rifamycins, fluoroquinolones, streptomycin, linezolid and pyrazinamide. A brief outline of the seven drugs in clinical development is reported, showing how the development of new TB drugs is still required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Riccardi
- Department of Genetics & Microbiology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 1 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haebich D, von Nussbaum F. Lost in transcription--inhibition of RNA polymerase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3397-400. [PMID: 19294713 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Form and function: The natural product myxopyronin A provides the key to understanding the inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase and should spark new ideas for the design of new antibiotics against tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Haebich
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Medicinal Chemistry Europe, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Hirano Y, Kojima T, Kanayama Y, Ishikawa H, Ishiguro N. A case of lung tuberculosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab after antituberculosis chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 19:323-8. [PMID: 19266254 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a 65-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis. The patient was treated with methotrexate and prednisolone, but the disease activity remained high. A tuberculin skin test was positive. After antituberculosis (TB) chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid for four weeks, infliximab was administered. Chemoprophylaxis was continued for nine months. Active lung TB was diagnosed at 17 months after the cessation of isoniazid, namely at 27 months after starting infliximab treatment. This case report shows that TB can manifest after chemoprophylaxis in patients treated with antitumor necrosis factor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|