1
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Pooyan A, Mansoori B, Wang C. Imaging of abdominopelvic oncologic emergencies. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:823-841. [PMID: 38017112 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-04112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
With advancements in cancer treatment, the survival rates for many malignancies have increased. However, both the primary tumors and the treatments themselves can give rise to various complications. Acute symptoms in oncology patients require prompt attention. Abdominopelvic oncologic emergencies can be classified into four distinct categories: vascular, bowel, hepatopancreatobiliary, and bone-related complications. Radiologists need to be familiar with these complications to ensure timely diagnosis, which ultimately enhances patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Pooyan
- Department of Radiology, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Bahar Mansoori
- Department of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7115, USA
| | - Carolyn Wang
- Department of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7115, USA.
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2
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Qian Z, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yang N, Fang Z, Zhang C, Zhang L. Metabolic clues to aging: exploring the role of circulating metabolites in frailty, sarcopenia and vascular aging related traits and diseases. Front Genet 2024; 15:1353908. [PMID: 38415056 PMCID: PMC10897029 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1353908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical weakness and cardiovascular risk increase significantly with age, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to reveal the causal effect of circulating metabolites on frailty, sarcopenia and vascular aging related traits and diseases through a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: Exposures were 486 metabolites analyzed in a genome-wide association study (GWAS), while outcomes included frailty, sarcopenia, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease (PAD) and aortic aneurysm. Primary causal estimates were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Methods including MR Egger, weighted median, Q-test, and leave-one-out analysis were used for the sensitive analysis. Results: A total of 125 suggestive causative associations between metabolites and outcomes were identified. Seven strong causal links were ultimately identified between six metabolites (kynurenine, pentadecanoate (15:0), 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine, androsterone sulfate, glycine and mannose) and three diseases (sarcopenia, PAD and atherosclerosis). Besides, metabolic pathway analysis identified 13 significant metabolic pathways in 6 age-related diseases. Furthermore, the metabolite-gene interaction networks were constructed. Conclusion: Our research suggested new evidence of the relationship between identified metabolites and 6 age-related diseases, which may hold promise as valuable biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhen Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Perera B, Wu Y, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Advances in drug delivery to atherosclerosis: Investigating the efficiency of different nanomaterials employed for different type of drugs. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100767. [PMID: 37600355 PMCID: PMC10433009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries, which is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Current pharmaceutical treatment options are unable to effectively treat the plaque in the later stages of the disease. Instead, they are aimed at resolving the risk factors. Nanomaterials and nanoparticle-mediated therapies have become increasingly popular for the treatment of atherosclerosis due to their targeted and controlled release of therapeutics. In this review, we discuss different types of therapeutics used to treat this disease and focus on the different nanomaterial strategies employed for the delivery of these drugs, enabling the effective and efficient resolution of the atherosclerotic plaque. The ideal nanomaterial strategy for each drug type (e.g. statins, nucleic acids, small molecule drugs, peptides) will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binura Perera
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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4
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Qazi S, Gona PN, Oyama-Manabe N, Salton CJ, O'Donnell CJ, Manning WJ, Chuang ML. Prevalence and distribution of aortic plaque by sex and age group among community-dwelling adults. Clin Imaging 2023; 94:79-84. [PMID: 36495849 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis of the aorta is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and vascular events. We aim to describe the prevalence and distribution of non-calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the descending aorta as quantified by noncontrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in a community-dwelling cohort of adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used CMR to quantify noncalcified aortic plaque in 1726 participants (aged 65 ± 9 years, 46.7% men) from the Cohort Study Offspring cohort. ECG-gated, fat-suppressed, T2-weighted, black blood turbo spin echo sequence was used to acquire 36 transverse slices covering the descending aorta from just below the arch to the aortoiliac bifurcation. Plaque was defined as discrete luminal protrusions ≥1 mm; these were manually traced, then summed to determine total descending aortic plaque (DAP) and segmental thoracic and abdominal aortic plaque (TAP, AAP). Participants were stratified by sex and age group (<55, 55-64, 65-74, ≥75y). A healthy referent group (without clinical cardiovascular disease, smoking, diabetes, impaired renal function; (N = 768, 43.8% men) was used to determine upper 90th percentile cutpoints for DAP and AAP which were then applied to the overall study cohort. RESULTS Prevalence of DAP was similar between men (47.3%) and women (48.9%), p = 0.50, as was AAP prevalence (men: 44.5%, women: 46.7%, p = 0.16); TAP was less prevalent in both sexes (men: 8.9%, women: 7.1%, p = 0.15). Both prevalence and burden of DAP, AAP and TAP increased with advancing age. CONCLUSION Noncalcified plaque prevalence, visualized on CMR, in community-dwelling adults is similar between the sexes, and both prevalence and burden of aortic plaque increase with greater age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Qazi
- The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Philimon N Gona
- The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America; Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Noriko Oyama-Manabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Carol J Salton
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Warren J Manning
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Radiology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael L Chuang
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
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5
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Kim JY, Jelinek J, Lee YH, Kim DH, Kang K, Ryu SH, Moon HR, Cho K, Rha SH, Cha JK, Issa JPJ, Kim J. Hypomethylation in MTNR1B: a novel epigenetic marker for atherosclerosis profiling using stenosis radiophenotype and blood inflammatory cells. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:11. [PMID: 36658621 PMCID: PMC9854223 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in gene-specific promoter methylation may result from aging and environmental influences. Atherosclerosis is associated with aging and environmental effects. Thus, promoter methylation profiling may be used as an epigenetic tool to evaluate the impact of aging and the environment on atherosclerosis development. However, gene-specific methylation changes are currently inadequate epigenetic markers for predicting atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. RESULTS We profiled and validated changes in gene-specific promoter methylation associated with atherosclerosis using stenosis radiophenotypes of cranial vessels and blood inflammatory cells rather than direct sampling of atherosclerotic plaques. First, we profiled gene-specific promoter methylation changes using digital restriction enzyme analysis of methylation (DREAM) sequencing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from eight samples each of cranial vessels with and without severe-stenosis radiophenotypes. Using DREAM sequencing profiling, 11 tags were detected in the promoter regions of the ACVR1C, ADCK5, EFNA2, ENOSF1, GLS2, KNDC1, MTNR1B, PACSIN3, PAX8-AS1, TLDC1, and ZNF7 genes. Using methylation evaluation, we found that EFNA2, ENOSF1, GLS2, KNDC1, MTNR1B, PAX8-AS1, and TLDC1 showed > 5% promoter methylation in non-plaque intima, atherosclerotic vascular tissues, and buffy coats. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified hypomethylation of MTNR1B as an independent variable for the stenosis radiophenotype prediction model by combining it with traditional atherosclerosis risk factors including age, hypertension history, and increases in creatinine, lipoprotein (a), and homocysteine. We performed fivefold cross-validation of the prediction model using 384 patients with ischemic stroke (50 [13%] no-stenosis and 334 [87%] > 1 stenosis radiophenotype). For the cross-validation, the training dataset included 70% of the dataset. The prediction model showed an accuracy of 0.887, specificity to predict stenosis radiophenotype of 0.940, sensitivity to predict no-stenosis radiophenotype of 0.533, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.877 to predict stenosis radiophenotype from the test dataset including 30% of the dataset. CONCLUSIONS We identified and validated MTNR1B hypomethylation as an epigenetic marker to predict cranial vessel atherosclerosis using stenosis radiophenotypes and blood inflammatory cells rather than direct atherosclerotic plaque sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yeon Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Neurology and Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, College of Medicine and Hospital, Chungnam National University, 282 Moonhwaro, Joongku, Daejeon, 35015 South Korea
| | - Jaroslav Jelinek
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ USA
| | - Young Ho Lee
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- grid.412048.b0000 0004 0647 1081Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Su Hyun Ryu
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Neurology and Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, College of Medicine and Hospital, Chungnam National University, 282 Moonhwaro, Joongku, Daejeon, 35015 South Korea
| | - Hye Rin Moon
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Neurology and Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, College of Medicine and Hospital, Chungnam National University, 282 Moonhwaro, Joongku, Daejeon, 35015 South Korea
| | - Kwangjo Cho
- grid.412048.b0000 0004 0647 1081Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seo Hee Rha
- grid.412048.b0000 0004 0647 1081Department of Pathology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Cha
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jean-Pierre J. Issa
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ USA
| | - Jei Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Neurology and Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, College of Medicine and Hospital, Chungnam National University, 282 Moonhwaro, Joongku, Daejeon, 35015 South Korea ,grid.411665.10000 0004 0647 2279Daejeon-Chungnam Regional Cerebrovascular Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
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6
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Krautwald-Junghanns ME, Schulz U, Konicek C, Pees M. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria in grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) with suspected atherosclerosis. TIERÄRZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE K: KLEINTIERE / HEIMTIERE 2022; 50:411-422. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1925-7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel Atherosklerose ist eine häufige Erkrankung älterer Papageienvögel, die in Gefangenschaft mit unzureichenden Haltungsbedingungen leben. Die Diagnose beim lebenden Vogel bleibt jedoch schwierig und die Krankheit wird oft erst post mortem erkannt. In diesem Zusammenhang sollte der diagnostische Wert beschriebener Methoden bei lebenden Graupapageien (Psittacus erithacus) untersucht werden.
Material und Methoden Es wurden 7 klinisch gesunde Graupapageien und 32 Graupapageien mit Verdacht auf Atherosklerose evaluiert. Ein Gesamtbewertungssystem wurde auf der Grundlage klinischer Symptome, der Messung des Cholesterin- und Triglyceridspiegels im Blut, einer radiologischen Untersuchung und eines Echokardiogramms in B-Mode bestimmt. Darüber hinaus wurden Messungen der Blutflussgeschwindigkeit in der Aortenwurzel, der Herzfrequenz und des Geschwindigkeits-Zeit-Integrals unter Verwendung der spektralen Doppler-Ultraschallfunktion durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die Gesamtscoring- und Einzelmesswerte korrelierten mit radiologischen Zeichen. Messungen der Blutflussgeschwindigkeit in der Aortenwurzel zeigten hochsignifikante Unterschiede zwischen den klinisch gesunden Tieren und der Patientengruppe. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen wurden des Weiteren im Vergleich der Gesamtbewertung und den Voruntersuchungen gefunden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Kombination der spektralen Doppler-Ultraschalluntersuchung mit anderen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten genutzt werden kann, um den Verdacht auf Atherosklerose zu erhärten und mehr Informationen über den Kreislaufstatus des Patienten zu geben.
Klinische Relevanz Die so gewonnenen Informationen ermöglichen es dem Tierarzt, eine frühe intra vitam Verdachtsdiagnose Atherosklerose zu stellen und früher mit der Behandlung zu beginnen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cornelia Konicek
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
| | - Michael Pees
- Department of Small Mammal, Reptile and Avian Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
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7
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhang S, Sun J, Wang Y, Song S, Zhang H. Targeting the Microenvironment of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques: An Emerging Diagnosis and Therapy Strategy for Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110660. [PMID: 35238081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Unpredictable rupture of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques triggers adverse cardiovascular events such as acute myocardial syndrome and even sudden cardiac death. Therefore, assessing the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques and early intervention are of significance in reducing CVD mortality. Nanomedicine possesses tremendous advantages in achieving the integration of the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerotic plaques because of its magnetic, optical, thermal, and catalytic properties. Based on the pathological characteristics of vulnerable plaques, stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms and surface-functionalized nanoagents are designed and have drawn great attention for accomplishing the precise imaging and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques due to their superior properties, such as high bioavailability, lesion-targeting specificity, on-demand cargo release, and low off-target damage. Here, the characteristics of vulnerable plaques are generalized, and some targeted strategies for boosting the accuracy of plaque vulnerability evaluation by imaging and the efficacy of plaque stabilization therapy (including antioxidant therapy, macrophage depletion therapy, regulation of lipid metabolism therapy, anti-inflammation therapy, etc.) are systematically summarized. In addition, existing challenges and prospects in this field are discussed, and it is believed to provide new thinking for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Ximin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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8
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Cohen A, Donal E, Delgado V, Pepi M, Tsang T, Gerber B, Soulat-Dufour L, Habib G, Lancellotti P, Evangelista A, Cujec B, Fine N, Andrade MJ, Sprynger M, Dweck M, Edvardsen T, Popescu BA. EACVI recommendations on cardiovascular imaging for the detection of embolic sources: endorsed by the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:e24-e57. [PMID: 33709114 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioaortic embolism to the brain accounts for approximately 15-30% of ischaemic strokes and is often referred to as 'cardioembolic stroke'. One-quarter of patients have more than one cardiac source of embolism and 15% have significant cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. After a careful work-up, up to 30% of ischaemic strokes remain 'cryptogenic', recently redefined as 'embolic strokes of undetermined source'. The diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke remains difficult because a potential cardiac source of embolism does not establish the stroke mechanism. The role of cardiac imaging-transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-in the diagnosis of potential cardiac sources of embolism, and for therapeutic guidance, is reviewed in these recommendations. Contrast TTE/TOE is highly accurate for detecting left atrial appendage thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation, valvular and prosthesis vegetations and thrombosis, aortic arch atheroma, patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, and intracardiac tumours. Both CT and MRI are highly accurate for detecting cavity thrombosis, intracardiac tumours, and valvular prosthesis thrombosis. Thus, CT and cardiac magnetic resonance should be considered in addition to TTE and TOE in the detection of a cardiac source of embolism. We propose a diagnostic algorithm where vascular imaging and contrast TTE/TOE are considered the first-line tool in the search for a cardiac source of embolism. CT and MRI are considered as alternative and complementary tools, and their indications are described on a case-by-case approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Cohen
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, Department of Cardiology, and Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM unit UMRS-ICAN 1166; Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Tsang
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bernhard Gerber
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Cardiovasculaire, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Division CARD, Institut de Recherche Expérimental et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvainAv Hippocrate 10/2803, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurie Soulat-Dufour
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine and Tenon Hospitals, Department of Cardiology, and Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM unit UMRS-ICAN 1166; Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Gilbert Habib
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, APHM, La Timone Hospital, Cardiology Department, Marseille, France
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, CHU SartTilman, Liège, Belgium.,Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, and Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Arturo Evangelista
- Servei de Cardiologia. Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-VHIR. CIBER-CV. Pº Vall d'Hebron 119. 08035. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Bibiana Cujec
- Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, 2C2.50 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Nowell Fine
- University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, South Health Campus, 4448 Front Street Southeast, Calgary, Alberta T3M 1M4, Canada
| | - Maria Joao Andrade
- Maria Joao Andrade Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Cruz-Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos 2790-134 Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Muriel Sprynger
- Department of Cardiology-Angiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Dweck
- British Heart Foundation, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh and Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Faculty of medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway and Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila', Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu', Sos. Fundeni 258, sector 2, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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An approach to early stage detection of atherosclerosis using arterial blood pressure measurements. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Lee E, Kim HW, Bae H, Yu D, Choi J. Radiography and ct features of atherosclerosis in two miniature schnauzer dogs. J Vet Sci 2021; 21:e89. [PMID: 33263236 PMCID: PMC7710456 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two miniature Schnauzer dogs with chronic pancreatitis were investigated. Both dogs showed systemic hypertension and increased concentrations of triglycerides and C-reactive protein. Abdominal radiography revealed cylindrical calcification in the retroperitoneum, and computed tomography (CT) showed extensive calcification of the abdominal and peripheral arteries in both dogs. Metastases and other dystrophic conditions that can cause arterial calcification were excluded based on the laboratory tests, and the dogs were diagnosed with atherosclerosis ante mortem. Atherosclerosis should be considered when extensive arterial calcification is observed on abdominal radiography or CT in miniature Schnauzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyeona Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - DoHyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jihye Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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11
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Piri R, Lici G, Riyahimanesh P, Gerke O, Alavi A, Høilund-Carlsen PF. Two-year change in 18F-sodium fluoride uptake in major arteries of healthy subjects and angina pectoris patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 37:3115-3126. [PMID: 33950330 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-021-02263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To examine 2-year changes in carotid and aortic 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) uptake in both healthy controls and angina pectoris patients. Twenty-nine healthy subjects and 20 angina pectoris patients underwent 90-min NaF-PET/CT twice 2 years apart. The carotids and three sections of the aorta (arch, thoracic, abdominal) were manually segmented. NaF uptake was expressed as the mean and total standardized uptake values without and with partial volume correction (SUVmean, SUVtotal and pvcSUVmean, pvcSUVtotal). Insignificant tendencies were higher NaF uptake in angina patients at both time points with less uptake in healthy subjects and higher uptake in angina patients after 2 years. Thus, aortic pvcSUVmean of angina patients was 1.14 ± 0.35 and 1.29 ± 0.71 at baseline and after 2 years vs. 0.99 ± 0.31 and 0.95 ± 0.28 in healthy subjects. A similar pattern was observed for the carotid pvcSUVmean. NaF uptake at baseline could not predict a change in CT-calcification after 2 years. NaF uptake in all parts of the aorta correlated positively with age. There was an insignificant, but consistent, tendency for slightly higher arterial NaF uptake in the angina group indicating more ongoing microcalcification at both time points in patients than healthy subjects. The 2-year changes were in both groups very small suggesting that the atherosclerotic process is slow, albeit with a tendency of slight decreases among healthy controls and slight increases in angina patients despite statin therapy in half of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Piri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Gauher Lici
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pooriya Riyahimanesh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abass Alavi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Gwon SY, Lee HM, Rhee KJ, Sung HJ. Microarray and proteome array in an atherosclerosis mouse model for identification of biomarkers in whole blood. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:882-892. [PMID: 31337962 PMCID: PMC6643112 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.30082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly fatal, and 80 percent of the mortality is attributed to heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis is a disease that increases a patient's risk to CVD and is characterized by atheroma formed by immune cells, lipids, and smooth muscle cells. When an atherosclerotic lesion grows and blocks blood vessels or when an atheroma ruptures and blocks blood vessels by embolism, sudden angina, or stroke can occur. It is therefore important to diagnose atherosclerosis early and prevent its progression to more severe disease. Although myeloperoxidase, plasma fibrinogen, cardiac troponin-I, and C-reactive protein have been considered as diagnostic markers for multiple cardiac risks, specific biomarkers for atherosclerosis have not been clearly determined yet. Particularly, reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis using whole blood are not yet available. In this study, we screened potential biomarker genes and proteins from whole blood of apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice maintained on a Western diet, by comparing them to ApoE+/+ mice. We used whole blood for microarray and proteome array. Candidate genes and proteins identified from each method were confirmed with quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Based on our data, we speculate that Lilrb4a, n-R5s136, and IL-5 are potential targets that can be developed into novel biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Our study contributes to the diagnosis of atherosclerosis using whole blood in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yeong Gwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13135, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493
| | - Hae Min Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 plus Program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493
| | - Ho Joong Sung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13135, Republic of Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 plus Program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
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13
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Woźnicka-Leśkiewicz L, Posadzy-Małaczyńska A, Marcinkowska J. Gender, subclinical organ damage and cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:367-374. [PMID: 30260237 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1527304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the study were to assess subclinical organ damage in men and women with hypertension and its subsequent effect on cardiovascular risk, and use of new statistical methods for more precise estimation of cardiovascular risk using vascular cardiovascular risk factors: ankle-brachial index (ABI), intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). METHODS We studied 200 patients: 100 hypertensive and 100 normotensive. The parameters we evaluated included: patient age, ABI, IMT, PWV, serum uric acid and serum C-reactive protein (CRP). In addition, the cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE and Framingham scales was assessed. RESULTS In the hypertensive group, there were significant correlations between ABI and the Framingham scale in both sexes. In hypertensive women, there were also significant correlations between IMT and the SCORE scale risk, and IMT and the Framingham scale risk. In normotensive women, there were significant correlations between ABI and the SCORE scale risk, and between ABI and the Framingham scale risk. In normotensive men, there were significant correlations between PWV and the SCORE scale risk, and between PWV and the Framingham scale risk. Lastly, in the group of normotensive men, there were significant correlations between IMT and the SCORE scale risk, and IMT and the Framingham scale risk. The possibility of correctly classifying a patient into the high-risk category by a logistic regression model using synchronous ABI, IMT and PWV was high - 74% for the risk according to the SCORE scale (66% in men, 88% in women), and 98% for the Framingham scale. CONCLUSIONS The addition of recognized subclinical target organ damage tests to the estimation of cardiovascular risk can significantly strengthen the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular risk estimation follow-up with ABI, PWV and IMT increased the probability of correctly classifying people, especially women, into an at least high-risk category according to the SCORE scale, which has valuable therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justyna Marcinkowska
- b Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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14
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Laila SR, Astuti DA, Suparto IH, Handharyani E, Sajuthi D. Metabolic and morphometric changes in Indonesian cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) fed an atherogenic diet composed of locally sourced ingredients. Vet World 2018; 11:1609-1617. [PMID: 30587897 PMCID: PMC6303492 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1609-1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study was designed to determine the effects of a new atherogenic diet formulated at Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) (Bogor, Indonesia) on metabolic, morphometric, and carotid artery imaging of cynomolgus monkeys. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 adult male cynomolgus monkeys fed IPB-1 atherogenic diet for 1 year. Total plasma cholesterol (TPC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and morphometric measurements were evaluated at baseline and monthly during the study. Carotid plaques and intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured using ultrasonography at baseline and after 8 months of treatment. Results: This diet increased TPC, LDL, and TPC/HDL ratio and induced carotid atherosclerosis in this model. The TPC, LDL, and TPC/HDL ratio were positively associated; however, HDL was negatively associated with carotid plaques and IMT. Conclusion: The IPB-1 atherogenic diet formulated with locally and readily available ingredients provides an economically and scientifically feasible monkey model to study atherosclerosis in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahmatul Laila
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Apri Astuti
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Irma Herawati Suparto
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Handharyani
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dondin Sajuthi
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
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15
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Prévot G, Kauss T, Lorenzato C, Gaubert A, Larivière M, Baillet J, Laroche-Traineau J, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Adumeau L, Mornet S, Barthélémy P, Duonor-Cérutti M, Clofent-Sanchez G, Crauste-Manciet S. Iron oxide core oil-in-water nanoemulsion as tracer for atherosclerosis MPI and MRI imaging. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:669-676. [PMID: 28899764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For early atherosclerosis imaging, magnetic oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) decorated with atheroma specific monoclonal antibody was designed for Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MPI is an emerging technique based on direct mapping of superparamagnetic nanoparticles which may advantageously complement MRI. METHODS NE oily droplets were loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of 7, 11 and 18nm and biofunctionalized with atheroma specific scFv-Fc TEG4-2C antibody. RESULTS Inclusion of nanoparticles inside NE did not change the hydrodynamic diameter of the oil droplets, close to 180nm, nor the polydispersity. The droplets were negatively charged (ζ=-30mV). In vitro MPI signal was assessed by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS). NE displayed MRI and MPS signals confirming its potential as new contrast agent. NE MPS signal increase with NPs size close to the gold standard (Resovist). In MRI, NE displayed R2* transversal relaxivity of 45.45, 96.04 and 218.81mM-1s-1 for 7, 11 and 18nm respectively. NE selectively bind atheroma plaque both in vitro and ex vivo in animal models of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Magnetic NE showed reasonable MRI/MPS signals and a significant labelling of the atheroma plaque. These preliminary results support that NE platform could selectively image atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Prévot
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tina Kauss
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Lorenzato
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélusine Larivière
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Baillet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeanny Laroche-Traineau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Josée Jacobin-Valat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Adumeau
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Gisèle Clofent-Sanchez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Crauste-Manciet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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16
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Agujetas R, Ferrera C, Marcos AC, Alejo JP, Montanero JM. Numerical and experimental analysis of the transitional flow across a real stenosis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:1447-1458. [PMID: 28343259 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a numerical study of the pulsatile transitional flow crossing a severe real stenosis located right in front of the bifurcation between the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries. The simulation allows one to determine relevant features of this subject-specific flow, such as the pressure waves in the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries. We explain the subclavian steal syndrome suffered by the patient in terms of the drastic pressure drop in the right subclavian artery. This pressure drop is caused by both the diverging part of the analyzed stenosis and the reverse flow in the bifurcation induced by another stenosis in the right internal carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Agujetas
- Depto. de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - C Ferrera
- Depto. de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A C Marcos
- Depto. de Expresión Gráfica, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - J P Alejo
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Infanta Cristina, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - J M Montanero
- Depto. de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
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17
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Wang J, Wang F, Dong S, Zeng Q, Zhang L. Levels of Serum Phosphorus and Cardiovascular Surrogate Markers. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:95-104. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.31153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Wang
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital
| | - Fang Wang
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital
| | - Shengyong Dong
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Luxia Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital
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18
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Abstract
Vascular calcification can lead to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The initiating factors and clinical consequences depend on the underlying disease state and location of the calcification. The pathogenesis of vascular calcification is complex and involves a transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells to an osteo/chondrocytic cell that expresses RUNX2 and produces matrix vesicles. The imbalance of promoters (such as hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia) and inhibitors (e.g., fetuin-A) is critical in the development of vascular calcification. The altered mineral metabolism and deficiency in inhibitors are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is one reason why vascular calcification is so prevalent in that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal X Chen
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut Street, R2-202, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut Street, R2-202, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut Street, R2-202, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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19
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Melzer S, Ankri R, Fixler D, Tarnok A. Nanoparticle uptake by macrophages in vulnerable plaques for atherosclerosis diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:871-83. [PMID: 26110589 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The composition of atherosclerotic (AS) plaques is crucial concerning rupture, thrombosis and clinical events. Two plaque types are distinguished: stable and vulnerable plaques. Vulnerable plaques are rich in inflammatory cells, mostly only M1 macrophages, and are highly susceptible to rupture. These plaques represent a high risk particularly with the standard invasive diagnosis by coronary angiography. So far there are no non-invasive low-risk clinical approaches available to detect and distinguish AS plaque types in vivo. The perspective review introduces a whole work-flow for a novel approach for non-invasive detection and classification of AS plaques using the diffusion reflection method with gold nanoparticle loaded macrophages in combination with flow and image cytometric analysis for quality assurance. Classical biophotonic methods for AS diagnosis are summarized. Phenotyping of monocytes and macrophages are discussed for specific subset labelling by nanomaterials, as well as existing studies and first experimental proofs of concept for the novel approach are shown. In vitro and in vivo detection of NP loaded macrophages (MΦ). Different ways of MΦ labelling include (1) in vitro labelling in suspension (whole blood or buffy coat) or (2) labelling of short-term MΦ cultures with re-injection of MΦ-NP into the animal to detect migration of the cells in the plaques and (3) in vivo injection of NP into the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Melzer
- LIFE Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Center GmbH, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rinat Ankri
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Center GmbH, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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Sommer K, Bernat D, Schmidt R, Breit HC, Schreiber LM. Resting myocardial blood flow quantification using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the presence of stenosis: A computational fluid dynamics study. Med Phys 2015; 42:4375-84. [PMID: 26133634 DOI: 10.1118/1.4922708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The extent to which atherosclerotic plaques affect contrast agent (CA) transport in the coronary arteries and, hence, quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unclear. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of plaque induced stenosis both on CA transport and on the accuracy of MBF quantification. METHODS Computational fluid dynamics simulations in a high-detailed realistic vascular model were employed to investigate CA bolus transport in the coronary arteries. The impact of atherosclerosis was analyzed by inserting various medium- to high-grade stenoses in the vascular model. The influence of stenosis morphology was examined by varying the stenosis shapes but keeping the area reduction constant. Errors due to CA bolus transport were analyzed using the tracer-kinetic model MMID4. RESULTS Dispersion of the CA bolus was found in all models and for all outlets, but with a varying magnitude. The impact of stenosis was complex: while high-grade stenoses amplified dispersion, mild stenoses reduced the effect. Morphology was found to have a marked influence on dispersion for a small number of outlets in the post-stenotic region. Despite this marked influence on the concentration-time curves, MBF errors were less affected by stenosis. In total, MBF was underestimated by -7.9% to -44.9%. CONCLUSIONS The presented results reveal that local hemodynamics in the coronary vasculature appears to have a direct impact on CA bolus dispersion. Inclusion of atherosclerotic plaques resulted in a complex alteration of this effect, with both degree of area reduction and stenosis morphology affecting the amount of dispersion. This strong influence of vascular transport effects impairs the accuracy of MRI-based MBF quantification techniques and, potentially, other bolus-based perfusion measurement techniques like computed tomography perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Sommer
- Section of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz 55131, Germany and Max Planck Graduate Center with the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Dominik Bernat
- Section of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Regine Schmidt
- Section of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Breit
- Section of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Laura M Schreiber
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg 97078, Germany
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Multimodality Imaging of Diseases of the Thoracic Aorta in Adults: From the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28:119-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Teresa Albelda M, Garcia-España E, Frias JC. Visualizing the atherosclerotic plaque: a chemical perspective. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2858-76. [PMID: 24526041 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathologic cause of coronary artery disease. An early detection of the disease can prevent clinical sequellae such as angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The different imaging techniques employed to visualize the atherosclerotic plaque provide information of diagnostic and prognostic value. Furthermore, the use of contrast agents helps to improve signal-to-noise ratio providing better images. For nuclear imaging techniques and optical imaging these agents are absolutely necessary. We report on the different contrast agents that have been used, are used or may be used in future in animals, humans, or excised tissues for the distinct imaging modalities for atherosclerotic plaque imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Teresa Albelda
- Universidad de Valencia, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Edificio de Institutos de Paterna, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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23
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Rao VSH, Kumar MN. Novel Approaches for Predicting Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2013. [DOI: 10.1109/titb.2012.2227271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Vascular calcification can occur in nearly all arterial beds and in both the medial and intimal layers. The initiating factors and clinical consequences depend on the underlying disease state and location of the calcification. The best studied manifestation is coronary artery calcification, in part because of the obvious clinical consequences, but also because of CT-based imaging modalities. In the general population, the presence of coronary artery calcification increases cardiovascular risk above that predicted by traditional Framingham risk factors, suggesting the presence of nontraditional risk factors. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary artery calcification is more prevalent and markedly more severe than in the general population. In these CKD patients, nontraditional risk factors such as oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and disordered mineral metabolism are also more prevalent and more severe and offer mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of vascular calcification.
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25
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Measurement of regional pulse wave velocity using very high frame rate ultrasound. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2012; 40:91-8. [PMID: 27277096 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-012-0400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Loeffen R, Spronk HMH, ten Cate H. The impact of blood coagulability on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1207-16. [PMID: 22578148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the link between blood coagulation and atherogenesis has been long postulated, only recently, and through the extensive work on transgenic mice, crossbred on an atherogenic background, has the direction of this interaction become visible. In general, hypercoagulability in mice tends to increase atherosclerosis, whereas hypocoagulability reduces the atherosclerotic burden, depending on the mouse model used. The information on a direct relationship between coagulation and atherosclerosis in humans, however, is not that clear. Almost all coagulation proteins, including tissue factor, are found in atherosclerotic lesions in humans. In addition to producing local fibrin, a matrix for cell growth, serine proteases such as thrombin may be very important in cell signaling processes, acting through the activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). Activation of PARs on vascular cells drives many complex processes involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Although current imaging techniques do not allow for a detailed analysis of atherosclerotic lesion phenotype, hypercoagulability, defined either by gene defects of coagulation proteins or elevated levels of circulating markers of activated coagulation, has been linked to atherosclerosis-related ischemic arterial disease. New, high-resolution imaging techniques and sensitive markers of activated coagulation are needed in order to study a causal contribution of hypercoagulability to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Novel selective inhibitors of coagulation enzymes potentially have vascular effects, including inhibition of atherogenesis through attenuation of inflammatory pathways. Therefore, we propose that studying the long-term vascular side effects of this novel class of oral anticoagulants should become a clinical research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loeffen
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Yarasheski KE, Laciny E, Overton ET, Reeds DN, Harrod M, Baldwin S, Dávila-Román VG. 18FDG PET-CT imaging detects arterial inflammation and early atherosclerosis in HIV-infected adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. J Inflamm (Lond) 2012; 9:26. [PMID: 22726233 PMCID: PMC3469335 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent vascular inflammation has been implicated as an important cause for a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-infected adults. In several populations at high risk for CVD, vascular 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake quantified using 3D-positron emission-computed tomography (PET-CT) has been used as a molecular level biomarker for the presence of metabolically active proinflammatory macrophages in rupture-prone early atherosclerotic plaques. We hypothesized that 18FDG PET-CT imaging would detect arterial inflammation and early atherosclerosis in HIV-infected adults with modest CVD risk. METHODS We studied 9 HIV-infected participants with fully suppressed HIV viremia on antiretroviral therapy (8 men, median age 52 yrs, median BMI 29 kg/m2, median CD4 count 655 cells/μL, 33% current smokers) and 5 HIV-negative participants (4 men, median age 44 yrs, median BMI 25 kg/m2, no current smokers). Mean Framingham Risk Scores were higher for HIV-infected persons (9% vs. 2%, p < 0.01). 18FDG (370 MBq) was administered intravenously. 3D-PET-CT images were obtained 3.5 hrs later. 18FDG uptake into both carotid arteries and the aorta was compared between the two groups. RESULTS Right and left carotid 18FDG uptake was greater (P < 0.03) in the HIV group (1.77 ±0.26, 1.33 ±0.09 target to background ratio (TBR)) than the control group (1.05 ± 0.10, 1.03 ± 0.05 TBR). 18FDG uptake in the aorta was greater in HIV (1.50 ±0.16 TBR) vs control group (1.24 ± 0.05 TBR), but did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Carotid artery 18FDG PET-CT imaging detected differences in vascular inflammation and early atherosclerosis between HIV-infected adults with CVD risk factors and healthy HIV-seronegative controls. These findings confirm the utility of this molecular level imaging approach for detecting and quantifying glucose uptake into inflammatory macrophages present in metabolically active, rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques in HIV infected adults; a population with increased CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Yarasheski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cell Biology & Physiology, Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Lipid Research, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8127, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Erin Laciny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8127, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E Turner Overton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8031, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael Harrod
- Center for Clinical Imaging Research, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Box 8131, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven Baldwin
- Center for Clinical Imaging Research, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Box 8131, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Victor G Dávila-Román
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Bazzocchi A, Ciccarese F, Diano D, Spinnato P, Albisinni U, Rossi C, Guglielmi G. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the evaluation of abdominal aortic calcifications. J Clin Densitom 2012; 15:198-204. [PMID: 22321658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry equipment vs digital radiography (DR) in the detection and scoring of abdominal aortic calcifications (AACs). Seventy-five patients with indication for morphometric evaluation of the spine underwent vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) and spinal DR (gold standard). The radiographic and VFA images were analyzed to detect AAC using a previously validated 24-point scale (AAC-24) and a simplified 8-point scale (AAC-8). The evaluation was conducted by 2 expert radiologists and repeated by the more experienced of the 2 after 7d to verify the results. Patients with a score of 5 or more in AAC-24 and 3 or more in AAC-8 were considered at risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aorta was not completely visible in 11 VFA and 1 DR images. DR detected AAC in 42 of the 63 patients (66.7%), whereas 15 patients (23.8%) were considered at risk for CVD. The VFA showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the detection of AAC with values of 78.6%, 85.7%, and 81.0%, respectively, with both AAC-24 and AAC-8; in the identification of patients at risk for CVD, VFA demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, with values of 86.7%, 100%, and 96.8% using AAC-24 and 86.7%, 93.8%, and 92.1% using AAC-8. In the detection of AAC, intraobserver agreement was superimposable using both the techniques (κ=1.00), whereas in the identification of patients at risk for CVD, kappa values were 0.96 and 0.95 using AAC-24 and 1.00 and 0.96 using AAC-8 for DR and VFA, respectively. Interobserver agreement in the evaluation of the presence/absence of AAC showed a kappa value of 0.76 for DR and 0.71 for VFA, whereas kappa values of 0.91 and 0.87 for DR and 0.85 and 0.83 for VFA were achieved for CVD risk using AAC-24 and AAC-8, respectively. AAC can be easily and accurately diagnosed by VFA with satisfactory accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability. VFA may be used in the assessment and monitoring of AAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bazzocchi
- Imaging Division, Clinical Department of Radiological and Histocytopathological Sciences, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, Bologna, Italy
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Cheng F, Keeley EC, Lee JK. Molecular prediction for atherogenic risks across different cell types of leukocytes. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:2. [PMID: 22244445 PMCID: PMC3271975 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis is often difficult since patients are asymptomatic. In order to alleviate this limitation, we have developed a molecular prediction technique for predicting patients with atherogenic risks using multi-gene expression biomarkers on leukocytes. Methods We first discovered 356 expression biomarkers which showed significant differential expression between genome-wide microarray data of monocytes from patients with familial hyperlipidemia and increased risk of atherosclerosis compared to normal controls. These biomarkers were further triaged with 56 biomarkers known to be directly related to atherogenic risks. We also applied a COXEN algorithm to identify concordantly expressed biomarkers between monocytes and each of three different cell types of leukocytes. We then developed a multi-gene predictor using all or three subsets of these 56 biomarkers on the monocyte patient data. These predictors were then applied to multiple independent patient sets from three cell types of leukocytes (macrophages, circulating T cells, or whole white blood cells) to predict patients with atherogenic risks. Results When the 56 predictor was applied to the three patient sets from different cell types of leukocytes, all significantly stratified patients with atherogenic risks from healthy people in these independent cohorts. Concordantly expressed biomarkers identified by the COXEN algorithm provided slightly better prediction results. Conclusion These results demonstrated the potential of molecular prediction of atherogenic risks across different cell types of leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Sprague SM. Impact of CKD on Coronary Artery Calcifications. Am J Kidney Dis 2011; 58:503-5. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zacharatos H, Hassan AE, Qureshi AI. Intravascular ultrasound: principles and cerebrovascular applications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:586-97. [PMID: 20133387 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular sonography is a valuable tool for the morphologic assessment of coronary atherosclerosis and the effect of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions on the progression or stabilization of atherosclerosis. An analysis of the different modes, applications, and limitations is provided on the basis of review of existing data from multiple clinical case studies, trials, and mechanistic studies. Intravascular sonography has been used to assess the outcomes of different percutaneous interventions, including angioplasty and stent implantation, and to provide detailed characterization of atherosclerotic lesions, aneurysms, and dissections within the cerebrovascular circulation. Evolution of intravascular sonographic technology has led to the development of more sophisticated diagnostic tools such as color-flow, virtual histology, and integrated backscatter intravascular sonography. The technologic advancement in intravascular sonography has the potential of providing more accurate information prior, during, and after a medical or endovascular intervention. Continued assessment of this diagnostic technique in both the intracranial and extracranial circulation will lead to increased use in clinical practice with the intent to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zacharatos
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
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Liu Y, Abendschein D, Woodard GE, Rossin R, McCommis K, Zheng J, Welch MJ, Woodard PK. Molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with (64)Cu-labeled natriuretic peptide and PET. J Nucl Med 2009; 51:85-91. [PMID: 20008978 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.066977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. PET has the potential to provide information on the biology and metabolism of atherosclerotic plaques. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) have potent antiproliferative and antimigratory effects on vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) and, in atherosclerosis, participate in vascular remodeling, in which the expression of NP clearance receptors (NPR-Cs) is upregulated both in endothelium and in VSMCs. METHODS We investigated the potential of a C-type atrial natriuretic factor (C-ANF) to image developing plaque-like lesions in vivo. C-ANF was functionalized with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and labeled with (64)Cu for noninvasive PET in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit with atherosclerotic-like lesions induced by air desiccation of a femoral artery, followed by balloon overstretch of the developing neointima. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess plaque development and NPR-C localization. RESULTS (64)Cu-DOTA-C-ANF uptake in the atherosclerotic region was visible on small-animal PET images, with the highest target-to-background ratio (3.59 +/- 0.94) observed after the air desiccation-induced injury. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining showed NPR-C near the luminal surface of the plaque and in VSMCs. PET and immunohistochemistry competitive blocking studies confirmed receptor-mediated tracer uptake in the plaque. With blocking, PET tracer localization of atherosclerotic to control arteries was decreased from 1.42 +/- 0.02 to 1.06 +/- 0.06 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that (64)Cu-DOTA-C-ANF is a promising candidate tracer for in vivo PET of NPR-Cs on atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Panuccio D. Statine e regressione del danno d’organo. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.itjm.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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