Moon walkers and urban pollution

Effects of lunar dust simulant on cardiac function and fibrosis in rats

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of lunar dust simulant (LDS) on cardiac function and fibrosis. In an in vivo experiment, after 3 weeks of exposure, electrocardiography (ECG) and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the cardiac tissue were performed. Systemic inflammatory markers and genes and proteins associated with cardiac tissue fibrosis were examined. In an in vitro experiment, fibrosis-related factors were detected in H9c2 cells by western blot and the mechanism of myocardial fibrosis by LDS exposure was explored. LDS exposure significantly altered heart rate indicators, implying altered cardiac and autonomic system functions. LDS dose-dependently increased the type and number of ECG abnormalities, and increased serum inflammatory factors. In addition, pathological changes in the myocardial tissue were observed through hematoxylin and eosin, Masson, and immunohistochemical staining; the expression of genes and proteins related to fibrosis in the myocardial tissue was also altered. These findings indicate that LDS exposure causes systemic inflammatory lesions that affect autonomic function, leading to inflammatory myocardial fibrosis. And its mechanisms involve the mediation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) redox balance.

Coronary artery disease and lunar catecholamine cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVE

Show how lunar catecholamine cardiomyopathy alone, exemplified by Neil Armstrong's single space walk, prior to exposure to inhalation of fine particulate matter, can trigger " Neil Armstrong Syndrome" or by Irwin with coronary, possibly hypertensive heart disease, and catecholamine cardiomyopathy. With space flight, invariably magnesium ion deficits, catecholamine elevations, vicious cycles. Design Use lunar heart rates while configuring rover to show severe tachycardia component of the syndrome. Use Irwin's stress test-" cyanotic fingernails" to support Apollo 15 Space Syndrome. Use Irwin's autobiography to compensate for often incomplete data. Results Paper shows that both Irwin as well as Armstrong meet criteria of my 2nd. Space Syndrome: severe thirst, severe shortness of breath, severe tachycardia, the latter, corrected by replenishing plasma volume. Conclusions Irwin, with a history of hypertension prior to the Apollo 15 mission and classical angina during Earth reentry, may have had coronary as well as hypertensive heart disease whereas there was no evidence that Armstrong had these conditions prior or during his mission. However both, on return to Earth, had abnormal stress tests.