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Tang F, Yuan H, Li X, Qiao L. Effect of delayed antibiotic use on mortality outcomes in patients with sepsis or septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111616. [PMID: 38310764 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antibiotics is essential in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, and delaying their administration may impact patient mortality outcomes. However, there is currently a controversial debate surrounding this issue. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to explore the association between delayed antibiotic use and mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies published from 2013 to 2023. These studies focused on patients with sepsis or septic shock and provided information on various antibiotic administration times and mortality rates. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted the data. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the collected data were analyzed using STATA 15.1 software. RESULTS A total of 29 studies were included, consisting of 17 prospective cohort studies and 12 retrospective cohort studies. The meta-analysis showed that compared to administration of antibiotics within 1 h, each hour of delay in antibiotic administration increased the in-hospital mortality (IHM) (OR = 1.041, 95 % CI: 1.021-1.062), and ministration of antibiotics after 1 h increased the IHM (OR = 1.205, 95 % CI: 1.123-1.293). There was no significant change in the 28-day mortality (OR = 1.297, 95 % CI: 0.882-1.906), 90-day mortality (OR = 1.172, 95 % CI: 0.846-1.622), and 1-year mortality (OR = 0.986, 95 % CI: 0.422-2.303). Administration of antibiotics within 3 h may reduce the IHM (OR = 1.297, 95 % CI: 1.011-1.664, p = 0.041), while administration of antibiotics within 6 h showed no significant association with the IHM. CONCLUSION The administration of antibiotics beyond 1 h after emergency triage or disease identification is strongly associated with an increased IHM in patients with sepsis or septic shock, and each hour of delay in antibiotic administration may be associated with an increase in the IHM. Furthermore, the use of antibiotics identification beyond 3 h after emergency triage / sepsis or septic shock may also increase the IHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajuan Tang
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongxiu Yuan
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Akyol D, Çankayalı İ, Ersel M, Demirağ K, Uyar M, Can Ö, Özçete E, Karbek-Akarca F, Yağdı T, Engin Ç, Özgiray E, Yurtseven T, Yağmur B, Nalbantgil S, Ekren P, Bozkurt D, Şirin H, Çilli F, Sezer ED, Taşbakan M, Yamazhan T, Pullukçu H, Sipahi H, Arda B, Ulusoy S, Sipahi OR. Impact of the empirical therapy timing on the clinical progress of septic shock patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116149. [PMID: 38142580 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of timing of antimicrobial therapy on clinical progress of patients with septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHOD We included 204 adult patients diagnosed with septic shock according to Sepsis-3 criteria between March 2016 and April 2021. One-month survival was evaluated using univariate and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Antibiotic treatment was initiated within 1 h of the vasopressors in 26.4 % of patients. One-month mortality did not differ significantly between patients with and without empirical therapy coverage on etiological agents. Univariate factors that significantly affected one-month survival were starting antibiotics at the first hour, the unit where the case was diagnosed with septic shock, SOFA scores, qSOFA scores, and lactate level. In multivariate analysis, diagnosis of septic shock in the Emergency Service, SOFA score ≥11, qSOFA score of three and lactate level ≥4 were significantly associated with one-month mortality. CONCLUSION Training programs should be designed to increase the awareness of septic shock diagnosis and treatment in the Emergency Service and other hospital units. Additionally, electronic patient files should have warning systems for earlier diagnosis and consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Akyol
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - İlkin Çankayalı
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Ersel
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Demirağ
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uyar
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özge Can
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Enver Özçete
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Funda Karbek-Akarca
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Yağdı
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Engin
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erkin Özgiray
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taşkın Yurtseven
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Yağmur
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sanem Nalbantgil
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pervin Ekren
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Devrim Bozkurt
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hadiye Şirin
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Feriha Çilli
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Demirel Sezer
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Taşbakan
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tansu Yamazhan
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hüsnü Pullukçu
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hilal Sipahi
- Bornova Public Health Directorate, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Arda
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sercan Ulusoy
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Reşat Sipahi
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey; King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain Oncology Center, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bahrain
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3
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De Castro GC, Slatnick LR, Shannon M, Zhao Z, Jackson K, Smith CM, Whitehurst D, Elliott C, Clark CC, Scott HF, Friedman DL, Demedis J, Esbenshade AJ. Impact of Time-to-Antibiotic Delivery in Pediatric Patients With Cancer Presenting With Febrile Neutropenia. JCO Oncol Pract 2024; 20:228-238. [PMID: 38127868 PMCID: PMC10911541 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Febrile neutropenia (FN) in pediatric patients with cancer can cause severe infections, and prompt antibiotics are warranted. Extrapolated from other populations, a time-to-antibiotic (TTA) metric of <60 minutes after medical center presentation was established, with compliance data factoring into pediatric oncology program national rankings. METHODS All FN episodes occurring at Vanderbilt Children's Hospital (2007-February 2022) and a sample of episodes from Colorado Children's Hospital (2012-2019) were abstracted, capturing TTA and clinical outcomes including major complications (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, vasopressors, intubation, or infection-related mortality). Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age, treatment center, absolute neutrophil count, hypotension presence, stem-cell transplant status, and central line type. RESULTS A total of 2,349 episodes were identified from Vanderbilt (1,920) and Colorado (429). Only 0.6% (n = 14) episodes required immediate ICU management, with a median TTA of 28 minutes (IQR, 20-37). For the remaining patients, the median TTA was 56 minutes (IQR, 37-90), and 54.3% received antibiotics in <60 minutes. There were no significant associations between TTA (<60 or ≥60 minutes) and major complications (adjusted OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.62 to 1.59]; P = .98), and a TTA ≥60 minutes was not associated with any type of complication. Similarly, TTA, when evaluated as a continuous variable, was not associated with a major (OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.04]; P = .69) nor any other complication in adjusted analysis. CONCLUSION There is no clear evidence that a reduced TTA improves clinical outcomes in pediatric oncology FN and thus it should not be used as a primary quality measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonora R. Slatnick
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Christine M. Smith
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Claire Elliott
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, the Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Chelsea C. Clark
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, the Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Halden F. Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Debra L. Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - Jenna Demedis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Adam J. Esbenshade
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
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Pak TR, Young J, McKenna CS, Agan A, DelloStritto L, Filbin MR, Dutta S, Kadri SS, Septimus EJ, Rhee C, Klompas M. Risk of Misleading Conclusions in Observational Studies of Time-to-Antibiotics and Mortality in Suspected Sepsis. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:1534-1543. [PMID: 37531612 PMCID: PMC10686960 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influential studies conclude that each hour until antibiotics increases mortality in sepsis. However, these analyses often (1) adjusted for limited covariates, (2) included patients with long delays until antibiotics, (3) combined sepsis and septic shock, and (4) used linear models presuming each hour delay has equal impact. We evaluated the effect of these analytic choices on associations between time-to-antibiotics and mortality. METHODS We retrospectively identified 104 248 adults admitted to 5 hospitals from 2015-2022 with suspected infection (blood culture collection and intravenous antibiotics ≤24 h of arrival), including 25 990 with suspected septic shock and 23 619 with sepsis without shock. We used multivariable regression to calculate associations between time-to-antibiotics and in-hospital mortality under successively broader confounding-adjustment, shorter maximum time-to-antibiotic intervals, stratification by illness severity, and removing assumptions of linear hourly associations. RESULTS Changing covariates, maximum time-to-antibiotics, and severity stratification altered the magnitude, direction, and significance of observed associations between time-to-antibiotics and mortality. In a fully adjusted model of patients treated ≤6 hours, each hour was associated with higher mortality for septic shock (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04-1.11) but not sepsis without shock (aOR: 1.03; .98-1.09) or suspected infection alone (aOR: .99; .94-1.05). Modeling each hour separately confirmed that every hour of delay was associated with increased mortality for septic shock, but only delays >6 hours were associated with higher mortality for sepsis without shock. CONCLUSIONS Associations between time-to-antibiotics and mortality in sepsis are highly sensitive to analytic choices. Failure to adequately address these issues can generate misleading conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Pak
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Young
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline S McKenna
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Agan
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura DelloStritto
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael R Filbin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sayon Dutta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sameer S Kadri
- Critical Care Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward J Septimus
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chanu Rhee
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Klompas
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Guarino M, Perna B, Cesaro AE, Maritati M, Spampinato MD, Contini C, De Giorgio R. 2023 Update on Sepsis and Septic Shock in Adult Patients: Management in the Emergency Department. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093188. [PMID: 37176628 PMCID: PMC10179263 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis/septic shock is a life-threatening and time-dependent condition that requires timely management to reduce mortality. This review aims to update physicians with regard to the main pillars of treatment for this insidious condition. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched from inception with special attention paid to November 2021-January 2023. RESULTS The management of sepsis/septic shock is challenging and involves different pathophysiological aspects, encompassing empirical antimicrobial treatment (which is promptly administered after microbial tests), fluid (crystalloids) replacement (to be established according to fluid tolerance and fluid responsiveness), and vasoactive agents (e.g., norepinephrine (NE)), which are employed to maintain mean arterial pressure above 65 mmHg and reduce the risk of fluid overload. In cases of refractory shock, vasopressin (rather than epinephrine) should be combined with NE to reach an acceptable level of pressure control. If mechanical ventilation is indicated, the tidal volume should be reduced from 10 to 6 mL/kg. Heparin is administered to prevent venous thromboembolism, and glycemic control is recommended. The efficacy of other treatments (e.g., proton-pump inhibitors, sodium bicarbonate, etc.) is largely debated, and such treatments might be used on a case-to-case basis. CONCLUSIONS The management of sepsis/septic shock has significantly progressed in the last few years. Improving knowledge of the main therapeutic cornerstones of this challenging condition is crucial to achieve better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Perna
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Eleonora Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Infectious and Dermatology Diseases, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Domenico Spampinato
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Contini
- Infectious and Dermatology Diseases, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Roux D, Benichou N, Hajage D, Martin-Lefèvre L, de Prost N, Lerolle N, Titeca-Beauport D, Boulet E, Mayaux J, Mégarbane B, Mahjoub K, Carpentier D, Nseir S, Tubach F, Ricard JD, Dreyfuss D, Gaudry S. Impact of renal replacement therapy strategy on beta-lactam plasma concentrations: the BETAKIKI study-an ancillary study of a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 36840825 PMCID: PMC9968363 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis prognosis correlates with antibiotic adequacy at the early phase. This adequacy is dependent on antibacterial spectrum, bacterial resistance profile and antibiotic dosage. Optimal efficacy of beta-lactams mandates concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the targeted bacteria for the longest time possible over the day. Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common AKI syndrome in ICU and often mandates renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation. Both severe AKI and RRT may increase outside target antibiotic concentrations and ultimately alter patient's prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that compared an early RRT initiation strategy with a delayed one in 620 critically ill patients undergoing severe AKI (defined by KDIGO 3). We compared beta-lactam trough concentrations between the two RRT initiation strategies. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with sufficient trough plasma concentration of beta-lactams defined by trough concentration above 4 times the MIC. We hypothesized that early initiation of RRT could be associated with an insufficient antibiotic plasma trough concentration compared to patients allocated to the delayed strategy. RESULTS One hundred and twelve patients were included: 53 in the early group and 59 in the delayed group. Eighty-three patients (74%) had septic shock on inclusion. Trough beta-lactam plasma concentration was above 4 times the MIC breakpoint in 80.4% (n = 90) of patients of the whole population, without differences between the early and the delayed groups (79.2% vs. 81.4%, respectively, p = 0.78). On multivariate analysis, the presence of septic shock and a higher mean arterial pressure were significantly associated with a greater probability of adequate antibiotic trough concentration [OR 3.95 (1.14;13.64), p = 0.029 and OR 1.05 (1.01;1.10), p = 0.013, respectively). Evolution of procalcitonin level and catecholamine-free days as well as mortality did not differ whether beta-lactam trough concentration was above 4 times the MIC or not. CONCLUSIONS In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, renal replacement therapy initiation strategy did not significantly influence plasma trough concentrations of beta-lactams in ICU patients with severe AKI. Presence of septic shock on inclusion was the main variable associated with a sufficient beta-lactam concentration. TRIAL REGISTRATION The AKIKI trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01932190) before the inclusion of the first patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Roux
- DMU ESPRIT, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 92700, Colombes, France. .,Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Benichou
- grid.414205.60000 0001 0273 556XDMU ESPRIT, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 92700 Colombes, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unit S_1155 CORAKID, 75010 Paris, France
| | - David Hajage
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Céphépi), Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, CIC-1901 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Martin-Lefèvre
- Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Site de La Roche-Sur-Yon, La Roche-sur-Yon, France ,grid.277151.70000 0004 0472 0371Organ Donation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas de Prost
- grid.412116.10000 0004 1799 3934Réanimation Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France ,grid.410511.00000 0001 2149 7878Groupe de Recherche CARMAS, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, 27010 Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Lerolle
- grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Département de Réanimation Médicale et Médecine Hyperbare, CHU Angers, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Dimitri Titeca-Beauport
- grid.134996.00000 0004 0593 702XBoRealStudy Group, Medical Intensive Care Unit and EA7517, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Eric Boulet
- Val d’Oise, Hôpital René Dubos, Pontoise, France
| | - Julien Mayaux
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Médecine Intensive Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France ,INSERM, UMRS-1144, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Khaoula Mahjoub
- grid.413961.80000 0004 0443 544XService de Réanimation, Hôpital Delafontaine, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Dorothée Carpentier
- grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Saad Nseir
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780Centre Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, CHU de Lille and INSERM U1285, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Céphépi), Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, CIC-1901 Paris, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Unité de Recherche Clinique, INSERM, UMR 1123, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Damien Ricard
- grid.414205.60000 0001 0273 556XDMU ESPRIT, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 92700 Colombes, France ,Université Paris Cité, UMR1137 IAME, INSERM, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Didier Dreyfuss
- grid.414205.60000 0001 0273 556XDMU ESPRIT, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 92700 Colombes, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unit S_1155 CORAKID, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Gaudry
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unit S_1155 CORAKID, 75010 Paris, France ,grid.413780.90000 0000 8715 2621Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, 93000 Bobigny, France
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Hussaini H, Jones Amaowei EE, Rasuli SF, Hussain N, Kaddo S, Memon A. Systematic Review on the Effects of Prompt Antibiotic Treatment on Survival in Septic Shock and Sepsis Patients in Different Hospital Settings. Cureus 2022; 14:e32405. [PMID: 36636534 PMCID: PMC9831358 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the impact of prompt administration of antibiotics in evaluating the prognosis of patients with septic shock or sepsis. On January 1, 2022, we searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases for English-language articles regarding when antibiotics should be administered to patients with septic shock or sepsis. These articles were required to be published between 2010 and 2021. The primary objective was sudden or expected death from any cause at a specified time. In the study, 154,330 patients from 35 sepsis trials were included. In 19 trials, the effectiveness of antibiotics administered to 20,062 patients was evaluated. Of those, 16,652 received the correct medications. In 24 studies, the length of time it took to administer antibiotics was associated with an increased mortality rate. In fourteen studies, the time limits associated with patient outcomes ranged from 1 to 125 minutes to three to six hours. In eight studies, there were hourly delays, and in two, the time it took to receive an antibiotic played a role. Separately analyzed, the outcomes for septic shock (12,756 patients in 11 trials) and sepsis (24,282 patients in six studies) were identical. Two-thirds of sepsis studies discovered a correlation between early antibiotic treatment and the patient's prognosis. However, antimicrobial timing metrics varied significantly between studies, and there were no clear time limits.
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8
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Wattier RL, Esbenshade AJ. From "More is Better" to "Less is More": A Commentary on Antimicrobial Use in Pediatric Oncology. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:229-238. [PMID: 35099542 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Reducing avoidable antimicrobial exposure to pediatric patients with cancer is achievable and necessary to promote optimal short- and long-term outcomes. Multiple evidence-based practices are already well established but should be more consistently implemented. Important opportunities exist to further improve the evidence to guide selective antimicrobial use in pediatric oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Wattier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam J Esbenshade
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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9
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Suttapanit K, Dangprasert K, Sanguanwit P, Supatanakij P. The Ramathibodi early warning score as a sepsis screening tool does not reduce the timing of antibiotic administration. Int J Emerg Med 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35538415 PMCID: PMC9087922 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-022-00420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Administration of antibiotics to septic patients within 1 h was recommended in 2018 by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) as a strategy to improve survival outcomes. The use of sepsis screening tools in emergency departments (EDs) is important for early diagnosis and initiation of sepsis care. This study aimed to assess the impact of the Ramathibodi early warning score (REWs) on the administration of antibiotics within 1 h of presentation. Methods This was an observational retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching between the sepsis-3 criteria (pre-period) and the REWs (post-period) as screening tools in adult patients with sepsis in EDs. The primary outcome was the proportion of receiving antibiotics within 1 h of presentation in the pre- and post-periods. Results A total of 476 patients were analyzed without propensity matching. The proportion of antibiotic administration within 1 h was higher in patients screened using the REWs compared with standard of care in the total study population (79.5% vs. 61.4%, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, 153 patients were included in both groups. The proportion of antibiotic administration within 1 h was similar in patients screened using the REWs and those receiving standard of care (79.7% vs. 80.4%, p = 0.886). However, time to intensive care unit (ICU) admission was faster in patients screened using the REWs. Delays in receiving antibiotics of longer than 3 h were associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 7.04, 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 34.11, p = 0.015). Conclusions Implementing the REWs as a tool in sepsis screening protocols in EDs did not improve rates of antibiotic administration within 1 h as recommended by the SSC. However, time to ICU admission was improved after implementation of the REWs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12245-022-00420-w.
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10
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Kim SM, Ryoo SM, Shin TG, Park YS, Jo YH, Lim TH, Chung SP, Choi SH, Suh GJ, Kim WY. Prognostic factors for late death in septic shock survivors: a multi-center, prospective, registry-based observational study. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:865-871. [PMID: 34604939 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Septic shock patients who survive past the acute period are associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality. However, factors for predicting late death remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the prognostic factors associated with late mortality in septic shock patients with 28-day survival after admission. This retrospective observational study used a prospective, multi-center registry of septic shock patients between October 2015 and December 2019 involving 12 emergency departments (EDs) from the Korean Shock Society. Adult septic shock patients visiting the ED with 28-day survival after admission were included. Among 4624 septic shock patients, 3588 (77.6%) who survived past day 28 were analyzed. The 90-day mortality rate was 14.2%. Non-survivors were older (66.8 vs. 68.9 years; p = 0.032) and had higher lactate levels (3.7 vs. 4.0 mmol/L; p = 0.028) than survivors. Pulmonary and hepatobiliary infections and a history of malignancy (27.7 vs. 57.5%; p < 0.001) were more frequent in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. Independent risk factors for late death on multivariate regression analysis were age; malignancy; and hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin levels. The length of intensive care unit stay and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score were independently associated with late death. Approximately, one-seventh of septic shock patients who survived past day 28 of admission died by day 90. Physicians must pay attention to survivors with these risk factors during the post-acute period as they have an increased mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mok Ryoo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gun Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Seok Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Hwan Jo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Phil Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Joon Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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11
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You JS, Park YS, Chung SP, Lee HS, Jeon S, Kim WY, Shin TG, Jo YH, Kang GH, Choi SH, Suh GJ, Ko BS, Han KS, Shin JH, Kong T. Relationship between time of emergency department admission and adherence to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundle in patients with septic shock. Crit Care 2022; 26:43. [PMID: 35148797 PMCID: PMC8832860 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nighttime hospital admission is often associated with increased mortality risk in various diseases. This study investigated compliance rates with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) 3-h bundle for daytime and nighttime emergency department (ED) admissions and the clinical impact of compliance on mortality in patients with septic shock. METHODS We conducted an observational study using data from a prospective, multicenter registry for septic shock provided by the Korean Shock Society from 11 institutions from November 2015 to December 2017. The outcome was the compliance rate with the SSC 3-h bundle according to the time of arrival in the ED. RESULTS A total of 2049 patients were enrolled. Compared with daytime admission, nighttime admission was associated with higher compliance with the administration of antibiotics within 3 h (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR), 1.326; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.088-1.617, p = 0.005) and with the complete SSC bundle (adjOR, 1.368; 95% CI, 1.115-1.678; p = 0.003), likely to result from the increased volume of all patients and sepsis patients admitted during daytime hours. The hazard ratios of the completion of SSC bundle for 28-day mortality and in-hospital mortality were 0.750 (95% CI 0.590-0.952, p = 0.018) and 0.714 (95% CI 0.564-0.904, p = 0.005), respectively. CONCLUSION Septic shock patients admitted to the ED during the daytime exhibited lower sepsis bundle compliance than those admitted at night. Both the higher number of admitted patients and the higher patients to medical staff ratio during daytime may be factors that are responsible for lowering the compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Sung You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Seok Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Phil Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Research Affairs, Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Department of Research Affairs, Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gun Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Hwan Jo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Hyun Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyuk Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Joon Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byuk Sung Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kap Su Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Kong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. Crit Care Med 2021; 49:e1063-e1143. [PMID: 34605781 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 923] [Impact Index Per Article: 307.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, Antonelli M, Coopersmith CM, French C, Machado FR, Mcintyre L, Ostermann M, Prescott HC, Schorr C, Simpson S, Wiersinga WJ, Alshamsi F, Angus DC, Arabi Y, Azevedo L, Beale R, Beilman G, Belley-Cote E, Burry L, Cecconi M, Centofanti J, Coz Yataco A, De Waele J, Dellinger RP, Doi K, Du B, Estenssoro E, Ferrer R, Gomersall C, Hodgson C, Møller MH, Iwashyna T, Jacob S, Kleinpell R, Klompas M, Koh Y, Kumar A, Kwizera A, Lobo S, Masur H, McGloughlin S, Mehta S, Mehta Y, Mer M, Nunnally M, Oczkowski S, Osborn T, Papathanassoglou E, Perner A, Puskarich M, Roberts J, Schweickert W, Seckel M, Sevransky J, Sprung CL, Welte T, Zimmerman J, Levy M. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med 2021; 47:1181-1247. [PMID: 34599691 PMCID: PMC8486643 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1507] [Impact Index Per Article: 502.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Andrew Rhodes
- Adult Critical Care, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Waleed Alhazzani
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Flávia R Machado
- Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Hospital of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hallie C Prescott
- University of Michigan and VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Steven Simpson
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- ESCMID Study Group for Bloodstream Infections, Endocarditis and Sepsis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fayez Alshamsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Derek C Angus
- University of Pittsburgh Critical Care Medicine CRISMA Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yaseen Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luciano Azevedo
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Burry
- Mount Sinai Hospital & University of Toronto (Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurizio Cecconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - John Centofanti
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Angel Coz Yataco
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center/University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Kent Doi
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bin Du
- Medical ICU, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Elisa Estenssoro
- Hospital Interzonal de Agudos San Martin de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carol Hodgson
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Morten Hylander Møller
- Department of Intensive Care 4131, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Shevin Jacob
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Michael Klompas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Younsuck Koh
- ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anand Kumar
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Arthur Kwizera
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Suzana Lobo
- Intensive Care Division, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry Masur
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Yatin Mehta
- Medanta the Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Mervyn Mer
- Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Nunnally
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Oczkowski
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tiffany Osborn
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Puskarich
- University of Minnesota/Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | | | | | | | - Charles L Sprung
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tobias Welte
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Janice Zimmerman
- World Federation of Intensive and Critical Care, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mitchell Levy
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island & Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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14
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Timeliness of administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and meropenem in a large tertiary care centre. Int J Clin Pharm 2021; 43:1651-1659. [PMID: 34138408 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-021-01297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background For amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and meropenem to be effective, concentrations must exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of infecting pathogens. Objective To retrospectively evaluate time windows between both scheduled prescription and administration and reconstitution-preparation and end of administration of intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and meropenem prescriptions. Setting 37 hospital wards at a tertiary hospital, Belgium. Method All adult hospital stays with at least one amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or meropenem administration in 2018 were reviewed. Time windows were deemed acceptable if < 30 min between prescription and administration and < 90 or < 150 min between reconstitution-preparation and end of administration for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and meropenem, respectively. Main outcome measure Time windows between prescription and administration and between reconstitution-preparation and administration. Results For 50 273 administered prescriptions, both time windows were acceptable in 53.7% of first dose and 56.4% of follow-up dose administrations. 43.7% of first doses did not respect the time window between reconstitution-preparation and administration (2.8%) or between prescription and administration (40.9%). These discrepancies equalled 11.1% and 26.3% for follow-up doses, respectively. Large variation across hospital wards was observed. After the first five consecutive administrations, 93.1% of patients had not received their antibiotics within the time windows allowed. The most striking predictor of timely administration with respect to both prescription and reconstitution-preparation time was prescription synchronisation with nursing administration rounds. Conclusion For amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and meropenem, timeliness of reconstitution-preparation and administration was appropriate in approximately half of administrations. Evaluating and safeguarding the timeliness of antibiotic administration should be considered an important aspect of antibiotic stewardship.
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15
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Rhee C, Chiotos K, Cosgrove SE, Heil EL, Kadri SS, Kalil AC, Gilbert DN, Masur H, Septimus EJ, Sweeney DA, Strich JR, Winslow DL, Klompas M. Infectious Diseases Society of America Position Paper: Recommended Revisions to the National Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) Sepsis Quality Measure. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:541-552. [PMID: 32374861 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) measure has appropriately established sepsis as a national priority. However, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA and five additional endorsing societies) is concerned about SEP-1's potential to drive antibiotic overuse because it does not account for the high rate of sepsis overdiagnosis and encourages aggressive antibiotics for all patients with possible sepsis, regardless of the certainty of diagnosis or severity of illness. IDSA is also concerned that SEP-1's complex "time zero" definition is not evidence-based and is prone to inter-observer variation. In this position paper, IDSA outlines several recommendations aimed at reducing the risk of unintended consequences of SEP-1 while maintaining focus on its evidence-based elements. IDSA's core recommendation is to limit SEP-1 to septic shock, for which the evidence supporting the benefit of immediate antibiotics is greatest. Prompt empiric antibiotics are often appropriate for suspected sepsis without shock, but IDSA believes there is too much heterogeneity and difficulty defining this population, uncertainty about the presence of infection, and insufficient data on the necessity of immediate antibiotics to support a mandatory treatment standard for all patients in this category. IDSA believes guidance on managing possible sepsis without shock is more appropriate for guidelines that can delineate the strengths and limitations of supporting evidence and allow clinicians discretion in applying specific recommendations to individual patients. Removing sepsis without shock from SEP-1 will mitigate the risk of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for noninfectious syndromes, simplify data abstraction, increase measure reliability, and focus attention on the population most likely to benefit from immediate empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanu Rhee
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen Chiotos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara E Cosgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily L Heil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sameer S Kadri
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andre C Kalil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - David N Gilbert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Henry Masur
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward J Septimus
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel A Sweeney
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strich
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean L Winslow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Klompas
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Ling L, Joynt GM, Lipman J. A narrative review on antimicrobial therapy in septic shock: updates and controversies. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2021; 34:92-98. [PMID: 33470662 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antibiotics are an essential treatment for septic shock. This review provides an overview of the key issues in antimicrobial therapy for septic shock. We include a summary of available evidence with an emphasis on data published in the last few years. RECENT FINDINGS We examine apparently contradictory data supporting the importance of minimizing time to antimicrobial therapy in sepsis, discuss approaches to choosing appropriate antibiotics, and review the importance and challenges presented by antimicrobial dosing. Lastly, we evaluate the evolving concepts of de-escalation, and optimization of the duration of antimicrobials. SUMMARY The topics discussed in this review provide background to key clinical decisions in antimicrobial therapy for septic shock: timing, antibiotic choice, dosage, de-escalation, and duration. Although acknowledging some controversy, antimicrobial therapy in septic shock should be delivered early, be of the adequate spectrum, appropriately and individually dosed, rationalized when possible, and of minimal effective duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell Ling
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gavin Matthew Joynt
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Scientific Consultant, Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
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17
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Asner SA, Desgranges F, Schrijver IT, Calandra T. Impact of the timeliness of antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock. J Infect 2021; 82:125-134. [PMID: 33722641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the impact of the timeliness of antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Open-SIGLE databases, ClinicalTrials.gov and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials on July 27, 2020 for relevant studies on the timing of antibiotic therapy in adult patients with sepsis or septic shock. The primary outcome measure was all-cause crude or adjusted mortality at reported time points. RESULTS We included 35 sepsis studies involving 154,330 patients. Nineteen studies (54%) provided information on the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy in 20,062 patients of whom 16,652 patients (83%) received appropriate antibiotics. Twenty-four studies (68.6%) reported an association between time-to-antibiotics and mortality. Time thresholds associated with patient's outcome varied considerably between studies consisting of a wide range of time cutoffs (1 h, 125 min, 3 h or 6 h) in 14 studies, hourly delays (derived from the analyses of time intervals ranging from to 1 to 24 h) in 8 studies or time-to-antibiotic in 2 studies. Analyses of subsets of studies that focused on patients with septic shock (11 studies, 12,756 patients) or with sepsis (6 studies, 24,281 patients) yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS While two-thirds of sepsis studies reported an association between early administration of antibiotic therapy and patient outcome, the time-to-antibitiocs metrics varied significantly across studies and no robust time thresholds emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Asner
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Unit, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Florian Desgranges
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Irene T Schrijver
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Calandra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland.
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18
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Antibiotische Therapie bei kritisch kranken Kindern – Ist weniger mehr? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-01027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie antibiotische Therapie stellt eine wichtige und in vielen Fällen unverzichtbare Maßnahme zum Erreichen einer Restitutio ad integrum bei bakteriellen Infektionen dar. Hierdurch können auch schwere Infektionen bei immungeschwächten Patienten geheilt werden. Wir wissen heute aber auch, dass insbesondere kritisch kranke Kinder häufig inadäquat antibiotisch behandelt werden – mit ebenfalls potenziell schädlichen Nebenwirkungen. In diesem Spannungsfeld aus kritisch krankem Kind, der Angst, etwas zu verpassen, und potenzieller Übertherapie ist es oft nicht einfach, eine rationale Therapieentscheidung zu fällen. Im vorliegenden Review werden aktuelle Studien zu wichtigen Aspekten der antibiotischen Therapie bei kritisch kranken Kindern beleuchtet und im Hinblick auf klinische Umsetzbarkeit interpretiert. Folgende Teilaspekte werden besprochen: 1) Zeitpunkt der antibiotischen Therapie und Möglichkeiten eines abwartenden Verhaltens, 2) die Auswahl der Antibiotika in der empirischen Therapie, 3) Deeskalationsstrategien und 4) die Dauer der antibiotischen Therapie. Antibiotic-Stewardship-Programme, unter Einbeziehung von pädiatrischen Infektiologen, klinischen Pharmazeuten und Mikrobiologen, spielen bei den häufig schwierigen klinischen Entscheidungen eine entscheidende Rolle.
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