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Zeng Y, Xiong C, Chen Y, Yang C, Li Q. Effects and mechanism of Rictor interference in podocyte injury induced by high glucose. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:473. [PMID: 37753299 PMCID: PMC10518650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor) is a critical effector of mTOR protein complex 2 (mTORC2). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Rictor in the mTORC2 signaling pathway in high glucose (HG)-induced diabetic podocyte injury by silencing the expression of Rictor. In the present study, mouse podocytes were treated with glucose (150 mM) and mannitol (200 mM), the Rictor gene was silenced using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, whereas podocyte cytoskeletal protein expression was detected by western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that, compared with that in the control group, the podocyte apoptotic rate was significantly increased in the mannitol group (negative group) and the groups that were treated with glucose (model groups). The podocyte apoptotic rate in the model + Rictor siRNA group was significantly decreased compared with that in the negative, model and the model glucose + siRNA negative control (NC) groups. WB indicated that the protein expression levels of podocalyxin and synaptopodin were reduced in the model and model + siRNA NC groups compared with those in the normal control and negative groups. Additionally, the protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and P-AKT/AKT were increased in the model and model + siRNA NC groups compared with the those in control and negative groups. Compared with those the model and model + siRNA NC groups, the protein expression levels of podocalyxin and synaptopodin were increased, whilst those of the α-SMA and P-AKT/AKT proteins were decreased, in the model + Rictor siRNA group. Results from immunofluorescence analysis were basically consistent with those of WB. Therefore, results of the present study suggest that silencing of the Rictor gene may reduce the damage to podocytes induced by HG, such that the Rictor/mTORC2 signaling pathway may be involved in the remodeling of podocyte actin cytoskeletal in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Changbin Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yinxiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chunyun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Sui Z, Wang M, Liu P. Natural products in attenuating renal inflammation via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196016. [PMID: 37215100 PMCID: PMC10196020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent and severe complications of diabetes and serves as the primary cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) globally. Increasing evidence indicates that renal inflammation is critical in the pathogenesis of DKD. The nucleotide - binding oligomerization domain (NOD) - like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most extensively researched inflammasome complex and is considered a crucial regulator in the pathogenesis of DKD. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by various signaling pathways, including NF- κB, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), among others. Natural products are chemicals extracted from living organisms in nature, and they typically possess pharmacological and biological activities. They are invaluable sources for drug design and development. Research has demonstrated that many natural products can alleviate DKD by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we highlight the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DKD, and the pathways by which natural products fight against DKD via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, so as to provide novel insights for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhun Sui
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Al-Khayri JM, Mascarenhas R, Harish HM, Gowda Y, Lakshmaiah VV, Nagella P, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Almaghasla MI, Rezk AAS. Stilbenes, a Versatile Class of Natural Metabolites for Inflammation-An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093786. [PMID: 37175197 PMCID: PMC10180133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are polyphenolic allelochemicals synthesized by plants, especially grapes, peanuts, rhubarb, berries, etc., to defend themselves under stressful conditions. They are now exploited in medicine for their antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is the immune system's response to invading bacteria, toxic chemicals or even nutrient-deprived conditions. It is characterized by the release of cytokines which can wreak havoc on healthy tissues, worsening the disease condition. Stilbenes modulate NF-κB, MAPK and JAK/STAT pathways, and reduce the transcription of inflammatory factors which result in maintenance of homeostatic conditions. Resveratrol, the most studied stilbene, lowers the Michaelis constant of SIRT1, and occupies the substrate binding pocket. Gigantol interferes with the complement system. Besides these, oxyresveratrol, pterostilbene, polydatin, viniferins, etc., are front runners as drug candidates due to their diverse effects from different functional groups that affect bioavailability and molecular interactions. However, they each have different thresholds for toxicity to various cells of the human body, and thus a careful review of their properties must be conducted. In animal models of autoinflammatory diseases, the mode of application of stilbenes is important to their absorption and curative effects, as seen with topical and microemulsion gel methods. This review covers the diversity seen among stilbenes in the plant kingdom and their mechanism of action on the different inflammatory pathways. In detail, macrophages' contribution to inflamed conditions in the liver, the cardiac, connective and neural tissues, in the nephrons, intestine, lungs and in myriad other body cells is explored, along with detailed explanation on how stilbenes alleviate the symptoms specific to body site. A section on the bioavailability of stilbenes is included for understanding the limitations of the natural compounds as directly used drugs due to their rapid metabolism. Current delivery mechanisms include sulphonamides, or using specially designed synthetic drugs. It is hoped that further research may be fueled by this comprehensive work that makes a compelling argument for the exploitation of these compounds in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roseanne Mascarenhas
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Yashwanth Gowda
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Muneera Qassim Al-Mssallem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Mohammed Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Ibrahim Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virus and Phytoplasma, Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Ma S, Xu J, Zheng Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Li H, Fang Z, Li J. Qian Yang Yu Yin granule improves hypertensive renal damage: A potential role for TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR-mediated autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115878. [PMID: 36341814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qian Yang Yu Yin granules (QYYYG) have a long history in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage (HRD) in China. Clinical studies have found that QYYYG stabilizes blood pressure and prevents early renal damage. However, the exact mechanism is not entirely clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effect and further explore the therapeutic mechanism of QYYYG against HRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of QYYYG in treating HRD was assessed in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). Renal autophagy and the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK pathway in rats were evaluated. The regulatory role of QYYYG in angiotensin II (Ang II) induced abnormal autophagy in rat podocytes was determined by detecting autophagy-related proteins, intracellular Ca2+ content, and the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway expressions. Finally, we established a stable rat podocyte cell line overexpressing TRPC6 and used the cells to verify the regulatory effects of QYYYG. RESULTS QYYYG alleviated HRD and reversed the abnormal expression of autophagy-related genes in the SHR. In vitro, QYYYG protected against Ang II-induced podocyte damage. Furthermore, treatment of podocytes with QYYYG reversed Ang II-induced autophagy and inhibited Ang II-stimulated TRPC6 activation, Ca2+ influx and activation CaMKKβ-AMPK pathway. Overexpression of TRPC6 resulted in pronounced activation of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy induction in rat podocytes, which were significantly attenuated by QYYYG. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that QYYYG may exert its HRD protective effects in part by regulating the abnormal autophagy of podocytes through the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Junyao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yawei Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haitao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Wan J, Liu D, Pan S, Zhou S, Liu Z. NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:998574. [PMID: 36304156 PMCID: PMC9593054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.998574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is characterized by a series of abnormal changes such as glomerulosclerosis, podocyte loss, renal tubular atrophy and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Simultaneously, the occurrence of inflammatory reaction can promote the aggravation of DN-induced kidney injury. The most important processes in the canonical inflammasome pathway are inflammasome activation and membrane pore formation mediated by gasdermin family. Converging studies shows that pyroptosis can occur in renal intrinsic cells and participate in the development of DN, and its activation mechanism involves a variety of signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can not only lead to the occurrence of inflammatory response, but also induce pyroptosis. In addition, a number of drugs targeting pyroptosis-associated proteins have been shown to have potential for treating DN. Consequently, the pathogenesis of pyroptosis and several possible activation pathways of NLRP3 inflammasome were reviewed, and the potential drugs used to treat pyroptosis in DN were summarized in this review. Although relevant studies are still not thorough and comprehensive, these findings still have certain reference value for the understanding, treatment and prognosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sijie Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijie Zhou, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijie Zhou, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
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Cao Z, Huang D, Tang C, Lu Y, Huang S, Peng C, Hu X. Pyroptosis in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:188-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jin J, Zhou TJ, Ren GL, Cai L, Meng XM. Novel insights into NOD-like receptors in renal diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2789-2806. [PMID: 35365780 PMCID: PMC8972670 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), including NLRAs, NLRBs (also known as NAIPs), NLRCs, and NLRPs, are a major subfamily of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Owing to a recent surge in research, NLRs have gained considerable attention due to their involvement in mediating the innate immune response and perpetuating inflammatory pathways, which is a central phenomenon in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including renal diseases. NLRs are expressed in different renal tissues during pathological conditions, which suggest that these receptors play roles in acute kidney injury, obstructive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, crystal nephropathy, uric acid nephropathy, and renal cell carcinoma, among others. This review summarises recent progress on the functions of NLRs and their mechanisms in the pathophysiological processes of different types of renal diseases to help us better understand the role of NLRs in the kidney and provide a theoretical basis for NLR-targeted therapy for renal diseases.
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8
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Podocytopathies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030403. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytopathies are kidney diseases that are driven by podocyte injury with proteinuria and proteinuria-related symptoms as the main clinical presentations. Albeit podocytopathies are the major contributors to end-stage kidney disease, the underlying molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury remain to be elucidated. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is associated with kidney diseases, and increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of podocytopathies. Accumulating evidence has placed mitochondrial oxidative stress in the focus of cell death research. Excessive generated reactive oxygen species over antioxidant defense under pathological conditions lead to oxidative damage to cellular components and regulate cell death in the podocyte. Conversely, exogenous antioxidants can protect podocyte from cell death. This review provides an overview of the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in podocytopathies and discusses its role in the cell death of the podocyte, aiming to identify the novel targets to improve the treatment of patients with podocytopathies.
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Wang C, Dai S, Gong L, Fu K, Ma C, Liu Y, Zhou H, Li Y. A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791214. [PMID: 35069206 PMCID: PMC8769241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (He-shou-wu in Chinese), a Chinese botanical drug with a long history, is widely used to treat a variety of chronic diseases in clinic, and has been given the reputation of “rejuvenating and prolonging life” in many places. 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG, C20H22O9) is the main and unique active ingredient isolated from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., which has extensive pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that TSG exhibits significant activities in treating various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic steatosis, osteoporosis, depression and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of TSG up to 2021 by searching the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and CNKI. According to the data, TSG shows remarkable anti-inflammation, antioxidation, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, hepatoprotection, anti-osteoporosis, enhancement of memory and anti-aging activities through regulating multiple molecular mechanisms, such as NF-κB, AMPK, PI3K-AKT, JNK, ROS-NO, Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3, ERK1/2, TGF-β/Smad, Nrf2, eNOS/NO and SIRT1. In addition, the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of TSG are also discussed in this review, which provided direction and basis for the further development and clinical application of TSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Shazmeen, Haq I, Rajoka MSR, Asim Shabbir M, Umair M, llah I, Manzoor MF, Nemat A, Abid M, Khan MR, Aadil RM. Role of stilbenes against insulin resistance: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6389-6405. [PMID: 34760269 PMCID: PMC8565239 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a state characterized by the inability of tissues to utilize blood glucose particularly liver, muscle, and adipose tissues resulting in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. A close relationship exists between IR and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, therapeutic approaches to treat IR also improve T2D simultaneously. Scientific evidence has highlighted the major role of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), environmental & genetic factors, and auto-immune disorders in the pathophysiology of IR. Among therapeutic remedies, nutraceuticals like polyphenols are being used widely to ameliorate IR due to their safer nature compared to pharmaceutics. Stilbenes are considered important metabolically active polyphenols currently under the limelight of research to cope with IR. In this review, efforts are made to elucidate cellular and subcellular mechanisms influenced by stilbenes including modulating insulin signaling cascade, correcting glucose transport pathways, lowering postprandial glucose levels, and protecting β-cell damage and its effects on the hyperactive immune system and proinflammatory cytokines to attenuate IR. Furthermore, future directions to further the research in stilbenes as a strong candidate against IR are included so that concrete recommendation for their use in humans is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazmeen
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Iahtisham‐Ul Haq
- School of Food and NutritionFaculty of Allied Health SciencesMinhaj UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Food and Feed Immunology GroupLaboratory of Animal Food FunctionGraduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Muhmmad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Inam‐u llah
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyThe University of HaripurKhyber‐PakhtunkhwaPakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health SciencesRiphah International UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Arash Nemat
- Department of MicrobiologyKabul University of Medical SciencesKabulAfghanistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Institute of Food and Nutritional SciencesArid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
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11
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Xiong W, Meng XF, Zhang C. NLRP3 Inflammasome in Metabolic-Associated Kidney Diseases: An Update. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714340. [PMID: 34305953 PMCID: PMC8297462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of complex metabolic disorders syndrome, which refers to the pathological state of metabolism disorder of protein, fat, carbohydrate and other substances in human body. The kidney is an important organ of metabolism, and various metabolic disorders can lead to the abnormalities in the structure and function of the kidney. The recognition of pathogenesis and treatment measures of renal damage in MS is a very important part for the renal function preserve. Inflammatory response caused by various metabolic factors is a protective mechanism of the body, but persistent inflammation will become a harmful factor and aggravate kidney damage. Inflammasomes are sensors of the innate immune system that play crucial roles in initiating inflammation in response to acute infections and chronic diseases. They are multiprotein complex composed of cytoplasmic sensors (mainly NLR family members), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC or PYCARD) and pro-caspase-1. After receiving exogenous and endogenous stimuli, the sensors begin to assemble inflammasome and then promote the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, resulting in a special way of cell death named pyroptosis. In the kidney, NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated by a variety of pathways, which eventually leads to inflammatory infiltration, renal intrinsic cell damage and renal function decline. This paper reviews the function and specific regulatory mechanism of inflammasome in kidney damage caused by various metabolic disorders, which will provide a new therapeutic perspective and targets for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Fang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Zhou J, Li R, Zhang J, Liu Q, Wu T, Tang Q, Huang C, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Huang H, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Mo L, Li Y, He J. Targeting Interstitial Myofibroblast-Expressed Integrin αvβ3 Alleviates Renal Fibrosis. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1373-1385. [PMID: 33544609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final manifestation of various chronic kidney diseases. Interstitial myofibroblasts, which are reported to highly express integrin αvβ3, are the effector cells in renal fibrogenesis. Since current therapies do not efficiently target these cells, there is no effective therapeutic method for preventing or mitigating the disease. Here, we modified sterically stable PEGylated liposomes with the pentapeptide cRGDfC (RGD-Lip), which has a high affinity for αvβ3, to specifically deliver drug to renal interstitial myofibroblasts. Our results showed that attaching cRGDfC to liposomes significantly increased their uptake by activated renal fibroblasts NRK-49F cells, and this effect was greatly abolished by adding excess-free cRGDfC or a knockdown of αvβ3. Systemic administration of RGD-Lip gave rise to significant accumulation in a fibrotic kidney, which is ascribed to the specific recognition with integrin αvβ3 on interstitial myofibroblasts. When loaded with celastrol, RGD-guided liposomes dramatically depressed the proliferation and activation of NRK-49F cells in vitro. Additionally, celastrol-loaded RGD-Lip markedly attenuated renal fibrosis, injury, and inflammation induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice, without inducing significant systemic toxicity. Thus, this liposomal system shows great promise for delivering therapeutic agents to interstitial myofibroblasts for renal fibrosis treatment with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Zou Y, Kong M. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside alleviates palmitic acid-induced inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by regulating miR-129-3p/Smad3 signaling. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:5. [PMID: 30820195 PMCID: PMC6379973 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) has been reported to exert a cytoprotective effect against various toxicants. However, the function and mechanism of TSG in palmitic acid (PA)-induced inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes are still unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the post-transcriptional mechanism in TSG-treated cardiomyocytes’ inflammation and apoptosis induced by PA. Methods The mRNA and protein levels were assayed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. The targeted genes were predicted by a bioinformatics algorithm and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/polyimide (annexin V-FITC/PI) staining was used to evaluate apoptosis using flow cytometry. Results TSG restricted the detrimental effects, including the activated inflammatory response and apoptosis, of PA in cardiomyocytes, as well as the up-regulation of miR-129-3p and down-regulation of p-Smad3 expression. In addition, bioinformatics and experimental analysis suggested that Smad3 was a direct target of miR-129-3p, which could inhibit or enhance the expression of p-Smad by transfection with miR-129-3p mimics or inhibitors, respectively. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that overexpression of Smad3 reversed the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis by overexpression of miR-129-3p in PA-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Conclusion TSG targeted to miR-129-3p/Smad3 signaling inhibited PA-induced inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Hospital Affiliated to Jianghan University, No. 168, Xianggan Road, Wuhan, 430016 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Kong
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Hospital Affiliated to Jianghan University, No. 168, Xianggan Road, Wuhan, 430016 People's Republic of China
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14
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Li Q, Zeng Y, Jiang Q, Wu C, Zhou J. Role of mTOR signaling in the regulation of high glucose-induced podocyte injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2495-2502. [PMID: 30906437 PMCID: PMC6425130 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury, which promotes progressive nephropathy, is considered a key factor in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade controls cell growth, survival and metabolism. The present study investigated the role of mTOR signaling in regulating high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury. MTT assay and flow cytometry assay results indicated that HG significantly increased podocyte viability and apoptosis. HG effects on podocytes were suppressed by mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, rapamycin, and further suppressed by dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor, KU0063794, when compared with podocytes that received mannitol treatment. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Thr-389-phosphorylated p70S6 kinase (p-p70S6K) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were significantly increased by HG when compared with mannitol treatment. Notably, rapamycin significantly inhibited HG-induced p-p70S6K expression, but did not significantly impact p-Akt expression. However, KU0063794 significantly inhibited the HG-induced p-p70S6K and p-Akt expression levels. Furthermore, the expression of ezrin was significantly reduced by HG when compared with mannitol treatment; however, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was significantly increased. Immunofluorescence analysis on ezrin and α-SMA supported the results of western blot analysis. KU0063794, but not rapamycin, suppressed the effect of HG on the expression levels of ezrin and α-SMA. Thus, it was suggested that the increased activation of mTOR signaling mediated HG-induced podocyte injury. In addition, the present findings suggest that the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways may be responsible for the cell viability and apoptosis, and that the mTORC2 pathway could be primarily responsible for the regulation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Li
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wu
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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15
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Zhu X, Shi J, Li H. Liquiritigenin attenuates high glucose-induced mesangial matrix accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation by suppression of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:976-982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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16
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He C, Shi W, Li R, Zhang L. [NFAT2 mediates high glucose-induced apoptosis in glomerular podocytes in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1270-1276. [PMID: 30377135 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether hyperglycemia activates NFAT2 in cultured podocytes to cause podocyte apoptosis and explore the role of NFAT2 in high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis. METHODS Immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured in the presence of normal (5.3 mmol/L) or high glucose (10, 20, 30, and 40 mmol/L) or pretreated with 11R-vivit (100 nmol/L) or cyclosporine A (500 nmol/L) before exposure to 20 mmol/L glucose for different durations (0.5-48 h). The activation of NFAT2 in the podocytes was detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. The role of NFAT2 in hyperglycemia-induced podocyte apoptosis was explored by observing the inhibition of NFAT2 activation by 11R-vivit using flow cytometry. Intracellular Ca2+ was monitored in high glucose-treated podocytes using Fluo-3/AM. The mRNA and protein expressions of the apoptosis gene Bax were detected using real time-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Exposure to high glucose in the medium time- and dose-dependently activated NFAT2 in cultured podocytes. Pretreatment with cyclosporine A or 11R- VIVIT completely blocked nuclear accumulation of NFAT2. Treatment with 11R- vivit also inhibited high glucoseinduced apoptosis in cultured podocytes. Exposure to high glucose obviously increased [Ca2 +]I in the podocytes to cause activation of calcineurin and the subsequent increment of nuclear accumulation of NFAT2 and Bax expression. CONCLUSIONS High glucose-induced apoptosis in podocytes is mediated by calcineurin/NFAT2/Bax signaling pathway, which may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng He
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital//Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital//Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital//Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital//Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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